summary of knowledge points in junior middle school Chinese model:
Lu Xun said, what is comedy? Tear those worthless things to others? . The outstanding achievement of The Scholars lies in its comic satirical revelation of reality and its ridiculous and despicable expression of falsehood, ugliness and ugliness. The Scholars is a comedy symphony, which can be recognized as long as we carefully taste and listen? Laughing duo? . Everyone is familiar with the third episode of Fan Jin Zhong Ju, which is found in middle school textbooks. There are three different tones of laughter in it, forming a trio of laughter.
First Ensemble
Bright Smile: Snobbishy and Funny Hutu
Hutu is a very successful image. From the perspective of comic art, he is a typical comic; From the point of view of spiritual temperament, he is a typical snob.
1. Respect from the past and respect from the future
arrogance. Respect from arrogance, arrogance in the front, respect in the back, and sharp disharmony between the front and the back are ridiculous. And this is precisely the focus that can best highlight the snobbery.
Hu Tuhu is a model of funny images in China's classical novels. Wu Jingzi seized the disharmony in the comedy character's personality and tore it sharply for people to see on the spot. Before and after Fan Jin's promotion, his attitude towards Fan Jin, a son-in-law, suddenly changed 18 degrees. Before he was promoted, he scolded Fan Jin, saying, "Are the masters of the Zhang and Zhou families who have been promoted in others?"? Big ears? And you? Like you, you should take a piss and take a look at yourself! No, no, no, no, just like swans! ? When you show contempt for others, you usually say: You should look in the mirror. , further or say:? You should take a photo on the water. , and Hu Butcher said: You should take a piss and take a picture. , even in the water is not qualified, contempt, mean! When taunting people, they usually say:? Toad wants to eat swan meat? And Hu Butcher said: Want to eat swan fart? This is the most contemptuous and sarcastic thing. Toads can still want to eat swan meat, while Fan Jin can only want to eat swan fart. He doesn't even have the qualifications of toads. He doesn't regard Fan Jin as a human being at all, a dignified person. After the middle lift, he said:? Every time I often say that my son-in-law is talented and good-looking, even the lords in the city, Zhang Fu and Zhou Fu, do not have such a decent appearance as my son-in-law! ? The same Fan Jin, who won a juren, lost his mouth and his cheeks like monkeys. Big ears? Master Zhang and master Zhou are more blessed. This is a sharp and sharp contrast.
Before the middle lift, he regarded Fan Jin as the object of abuse, and he was always ready? Spit it on your face and scold a dog? ; After the middle lift? Worldly treasure poor man? Suddenly become? My dear husband? . ? Xianxu? Is the father-in-law called the son-in-law? Master? It's a slave's address to his master. Adding these two things together neither fish nor fowl is very harmonious in itself. No wonder some people laugh at Hu butcher, right? Word-maker? . This title satirizes the servility and snobbery of Hu Butcher to the fullest.
it is a prominent manifestation of snobbery to respect from the past. Why? Hey? , why? Gong? And? Fan Jin's talent has not changed, and his moral character has not changed yet. What has changed? It is status, so it can be seen that the only criterion for Hu Butcher to measure people is the status of the other party. There is no moral evaluation as the basis for dealing with others, but only the snobbery as the standard, which exposes the most despicable character in one's personality clearly. This kind of person is a master in front of a slave, so he behaves like one? Hey? , in front of the master is a slave, performance will be? Gong? . Not generally? Hey? And? Gong? , want? Hey? Damn it,? Gong? It is disgusting to form a sharp and sharp contrast before and after. The sharper the contrast, the sharper the disharmony and the more powerful and profound the irony.
In the concept of China people, seniority is very important. No matter how big a son-in-law is, he is a junior in front of his father-in-law. Only his son-in-law can respect his father-in-law, but his father-in-law can't be respectful to his son-in-law. It is a big joke for a father-in-law to call his son-in-law, just as a father calls his son-in-law. This title satirizes the servility and snobbery of Hu Butcher to pieces.
2、? Mock? Techniques
In order to further sharpen the disharmony, Wu Jingzi skillfully used dramatic mocking techniques. The key to ridicule is to create a specific situation, just like setting a trap. Would you please enter the urn? The mocked person performed according to his own personality logic, but showed the disharmony incisively and vividly. Just as Hu Tu-hu was in great awe of the upstart and was afraid of flattery, the writer deliberately made it difficult. In view of his bourgeois psychology, he came up with a problem: Hu Tu-hu needed to slap the old man himself in order to restore the crazy Fan Jin to normal. This situation provides a wonderful comedy stage for Hu Butcher. In the past, he could fight without blinking, but today, it's killing him! He spoke frankly: Although he is my son-in-law, he is now a master, a star in the sky. The stars in the sky cannot be beaten! I heard Zhai Gong say: If you hit the stars in the sky, the king of Yan will use them to hit a hundred iron bars and send them to eighteen levels of hell, and they will never turn over. I dare not do such a thing! ? But the situation has been set, and this glorious mission belongs to him. Can't help it, he had to pour two bowls of wine, and he was emboldened by the strength of the wine, which was barely? Take out your usual ferocious appearance? , at the risk of being sent to eighteen layers of hell, crustily skin of head to beat master fan. That's very clever. Did you feel it immediately? Bodhisattva care about it? , cried the hand trembled. It doesn't matter if I don't want to. The more I think about it, the more my hand hurts, and it hurts. Put a slap on your back and never bend it again? Have to? Ask the doctor for a plaster to stick on? . The bodhisattva in the snob's heart is as snobbish as himself. Of course, it is not the Bodhisattva who plays a role, but his psychology. On the one hand, he is ignorant and superstitious. He believes that the Bodhisattva should defend the upstart and punish those who do not curry favor. More importantly, I am snobbish and afraid of offending my master, so I am particularly nervous. It is because there are snobs in my heart that I am suspicious. Here, the present performance is extremely discordant with the usual behavior, self-feeling and objective reality, and the writer makes the ridicule reach the highest sharpness in ridicule, thus producing a wonderful comedy effect, which makes people laugh and laugh.
3. Ugliness is beautiful.
Ugliness is the root and essence of comedy. Ugliness is not ridiculous if it can be self-disciplined and does not appear disharmony, but it is even more ridiculous when it is uneasy about its duty and tries to dazzle itself as beauty. At this time, its self-feeling is not harmonious with the objective and sharp, and the more it shows off, the more it exposes its stupidity and the more ridiculous it becomes. After Fan Jinjin went to school, Hu Butcher moved out some? School rules? System? ，? Teaching? New scholars don't want to talk to? Flat-headed people Equal? ，? Otherwise, even my face will be tarnished? ; One side said carelessly:? For example, I'm full of decent people in this business? How dare you pretend to be big in front of me? In his time, butchers were despised, but he insisted? Pack it up? Boast that you are? A decent man? Thought it was nobler than the ordinary people who farmed. In the eyes of the petty tradesmen in this small market town, Master Zhang and Master Zhou, the customers who buy meat in the county town, are already noble best. ? His family has more money than the emperor's! ? See Zhang Jingzhai came to Fan Jin's house, he? Too busy hiding in my daughter's room to come out? . But like Xia Zongjia and Ah Q written by Lu Xun in the second chapter of this book, he always boasts that he has been to the city, seen the world and is a big shot in front of the country people. He put on airs and said, Master Zhang and Master Zhou? Just drag me to gossip and accompany me to eat wine? I am an idle person, and I am impatient to do these things! ? Showing off is often what is lacking in reality and what is expected in the heart. In the eyes of this small philistine, it is the highest honor to get on with Master Zhang and Master Zhou. However, he insisted on describing this long-awaited and unattainable thing as something he was impatient to do and could not get rid of, and showed off his greatness with disdain. The disharmony here is also multiple. The more he boasted, the more ridiculous he became. Wu Jingzi pointedly revealed the disproportion between his self-proclaimed nobility and his humble vulgarity, pointedly revealed the contradiction between his conceited rhetoric and the stupid nature, and vividly highlighted how ugliness dazzles itself as beauty, which makes people feel funny.
4, naturally reveal
Funny ugliness is always unconscious, and only in this way can it be shown without scruple. The more absent-minded it is, the funnier it is, and the more it is naturally revealed from the character's nature, the greater the funny effect. Everything about Hutu is natural. He is ignorant, vulgar and pretentious. He has his own way of thinking. In his self-feeling, he is always complacent and self-sufficient. When he complains about Fan Jin, he is right, and his son-in-law is right: he has a good eye for choosing the East Bed. He has a complete explanation and complete answer to everything in the world. Are all the literary stars in the sky? , hit Wen Quxing will be punished to eighteen layers of hell, etc., is an example of his wisdom. In front of poor Fan Jin, he looks particularly tall and keeps saying? I have to teach you? The reason why Fan Jin can be a scholar and a high-ranking person is also touched by his light, so he said: I don't know what virtue I have accumulated, so I won you a "xianggong" . He has no doubt about all this, like? Is pork delicious? The same is an indisputable truth. Highly funny words are naive words that show a certain shortcoming naked. The reason why Hu Tuhu's words are highly funny is precisely because it is the natural exposure of his thoughts and temperament, right? Sincerity? The expression, if he is secretive and works hard to hide others, is not as funny as it is now. So is Ah Q. People like Ah Q and Hu Tuhu who are uneducated and have no talent will not hide anything, but their thoughts and feelings are easy to show naturally, which is not the case for intellectuals. From this, we can also know why Wu Jingzi, Lu Xun and many comedy masters in the world often choose uneducated figures as funny people.
5. The characteristics of funny laughter and the significance of the image of Hutu
Of course, not all ugliness is funny. First of all, there is a boundary between ugliness and evil: when ugliness makes people feel terrible, people will ignore it because it is terrible; When ugliness does not cause pain or harm, it will arouse our reason to laugh at its shortage. Hu Butcher scolded Fan Jin, but he didn't want to harm Fan Jin, but his temperament decided that he used such language. Hu Butcher is just an ordinary ordinary citizen, and his bad habits are the result of the cold world of class society. He is not a sinister and vicious villain himself, and has no serious harm to people, and he has no harm to his son-in-law. It's just that his ugliness is more superficial and straightforward in this shallow figure with no mind.
Secondly, comic art does not take revealing the full depth of the inner contradictions of characters and their social roots as its own task. As long as it makes people feel ugly and ridiculous, it will achieve its artistic purpose. People can see through the stupidity of the funny object at a glance, people laugh at him, and at the same time feel that they are better than him, and their sense of superiority and self-confidence are satisfied, and they appreciate the childish and ridiculous performance with a condescending attitude. At this time, the ridicule of ugliness exceeds the sorrow for it, and the unpleasant factors are almost forgotten. People think Hu Tu-hu is ridiculous, and they almost forget about his harm to others. With the help of laughter, everyone gives a devastating bombardment to Hu Tu-hu's vulgar psychology of being too poor and loving the rich and following the trend of the times, announcing that he has lost his right to exist, and happily bid farewell to vulgar low-level people in laughter: this kind of smile is quite like a smile in popular comedy, full of humor, and it is a clear smile.
Write that the butcher is killing two birds with one stone. On the one hand, it attacks the vulgar social atmosphere, on the other hand, it reveals the social reasons that cause Fan Jin's tragicomedy. As Lu Xun said, people who fall from a well-off family have the deepest feelings about the cold world. Wu Jingzi and Lu Xun themselves are like this. Wu Jingzi has repeatedly used the pen as a knife to dissect snobbery, which is extremely sharp. The Scholars portrayed the snobbish faces of Zhai comprador and Xia Zongjia in the first and second chapters. Back to 46, 47, write? Wuhe county is snobbish? , another snob into dad mercilessly tease, make him make a fool of himself; And wrote about the reason for this world trend? Excited and angry? And produce something like Yu Huaxuan? Angry youth? In fact, that's the projection of young Wu Jingzi's own mentality.
The second duet
Laughing with tears: Funny and pathetic Fan Jin
In Fan Jin Zhong Ju, the butcher Hu is only the best supporting actor, and the real protagonist is Fan Jin.
the middle lift is the middle lift. For intellectuals in the imperial examination era, the middle school entrance examination was a key step. Won a prize, called? Sent it? , can be called? Master? , this is to admit that he has? Officer? Even if he is not an official, he has already squeezed into the privileged class and completely changed his identity. "Fan Jin Zhong Ju" seized this critical moment to write the sadness and absurdity of Fan Jin.
The smile at the butcher Hu is funny, while the smile at Fan Jin has a sad tone, and it is a tearful smile, which hides deep sorrow. This is the second duet in the Trio of Laughter in Fan Jin Zhong Ju.
1. Make a fool of yourself
For feudal scholars, it is a carp jumping from the dragon gate, which is a great event, but Wu Jingzi first wrote not about how Fan Jin was honored, but how he went crazy; It's not about how he took off his cloth and put on his official clothes, boasting about his country, but about how he made a fool of himself and made his neighbors laugh. Please look at his crazy appearance:
He walked out of the door only a short way, but when he earned it, his hair fell loose, his hands were yellow and dripping with water, and everyone couldn't stop him, patting and laughing until he reached the collection.
?
We can't help laughing: a great happy event has turned into a flying disaster, but the most glorious pet needs to be beaten. Was it selected by the imperial examination? True talent? Turned out to be a madman. Seeking for the country? Yes? Grand ceremony? It's just a hilarious farce! What people hear from these discordant tones is ridicule.
2. Pathological Anatomy Report
But Wu Jingzi didn't aim at writing superficial ridiculousness, and didn't stop writing burlesque and farce. He focused on the relationship between Fan Jin and the people around him, deeply revealed the social and psychological basis of his madness, and revealed the history of Fan Jin's illness, making Fan Jin's "A Case Study" an accurate pathological anatomy report. Hu Tu-hu's activities revolved around this theme. From his squeeze on Fan Jin, it was reflected that the society at that time urged scholars with great tangible and intangible pressure. Sacrifice your life? If you can't climb the ladder of the career, even if you are close to Weng Xu, you should mentally punch and kick him on the soles of your feet. In contrast to Hu Butcher's arrogance, decades of trampling on the imperial examination hall have caused Fan Jin to have a strong sense of inferiority. The torture of social customs has developed his cowardly humiliation and callousness. He has lost himself, and no matter how Hu Butcher scolds and insults him, he only has. Only only bother? , si qualitative child, with eternal slave character silently endure. His character reflects the bitterness and bitterness of the first literati who fell in the imperial examination.
On the day when the list was published, the family had already stopped cooking. Fan Jin was holding the only hen that laid eggs, putting a straw label in his hand, and walked around the market step by step, looking around for someone to buy it. The neighbors came to report the good news, but he refused to believe it:
Fan Jindao was fooling him, just pretending not to hear him, keeping his head down and moving forward. When the neighbors saw that he ignored him and came up, they would take the chicken from his hand.