How did ghost poetry come into being?

One night, a ghost came to visit Mr. Zhu Xiong. Mr. Zhu Xiong was reading in the dead of night in the mountain, reading aloud his poem: the autumn wind at the head of the tomb, and the people at the end of the tomb were worried about the air. You can't sell the soul of a single poem. Visit Zhuxi Weng late at night. This poem is contained in Zhu Po's Poems. To be fair, this poem is shallow, so there is no need to get too excited when sleeping at night. However, if there are ghosts whose souls can't be sold, there will certainly be ghost poems, not only there are, but also many. Generally speaking, there are "ghost poems" in the collection of dating poems, and so on. Some ghost poems are quite interesting, and some good people are interested in collecting such poems, which is their uniqueness and interest. Hu Yinglin, a great scholar in Ming Dynasty, once said, "Ghost poetry is excellent. I searched all the novels and collected them into one episode, no less than hundreds of episodes, as I used to say. " He carefully selected these ghost poems, and recorded the essence of them in the main volume 2 1 of his Painting Collection of Shaoshi Mountain, from four words, five words to seven words, from ancient poems, quatrains to metrical poems. However, the seven-character metrical poems of ghosts were generally poorly written, and none of them got Hu Yinglin's attention. Looking through this brief anthology of Hu Yinglin, we can have a general understanding of ghost poetry. If we want to explore deeply, we need to spend more time and do some investigations, such as asking: What kind of poem is ghost poem? Different people may have different answers to this question. If Li He is asked to answer, he may say that ghost poems are poems sung by ghosts. One of his poems is "",and the most famous two sentences are: "Autumn grave ghosts sing Bao poems and hate blood for thousands of years." Commentators have always regarded this poem as a poem by Bao Zhao, a poet in the Southern Dynasties. Some people simply pointed out that this poem refers to the poem in Bao Zhao's collection of poems, A Journey to Luxury: We are all equal, and we are willing to have a poor application. Red waves urge the night, and zero dew forces the morning. I drive in a secluded mountain, and I want to get married here. The sword is white, but the towel is real. Who can return the book when you are fighting for wine? Push the age a little further, and the hug will fade. Life is good, and who is it? I hate it for a long time, and it belongs to fox and rabbit dust. Obviously, this is an elegy, written for the dead, or in the tone of the dead. Ancient poets wrote this kind of elegy everywhere. Ghost sings poetry. Why do they have to sing this song Not to mention others, Bao Zhao himself wrote an elegy for that generation, which is also very suitable for lonely souls and wild ghosts to walk on the grave in the bleak autumn wind and sing: A person remembers the past alone and goes to the platform. Be proud of your life and don't cut things. Close the door again and termites will come. I was born in You Lan, and now bugs are a disaster. The mysterious temple has no complicated roots, and its skeleton depends entirely on moss. Looking back, I like drinking, and I went back to my childhood. Han Peng and Lian Lin, the past is ashes. All the strong men die, and the rest are at ease. This song is also parody, and it laments the past and present in a ghost tone. If we carefully collect from Bao Zhao, we can find more poems suitable for ghost singing. For example, the famous sentence "Song of Wucheng" at the end of the poem "Wucheng Fu" is filled with emotion: "The border wind is urgent, the city is cold, and the well diameter is destroyed. One thousand years old, * * * say what ",might as well as a substitute, especially suitable for ghost chorus. Since Li He only refers to "ghosts singing poems in autumn graves", there is no need for us to stick to the article "Wandering in Artemisia". Regarding Bao Zhao's poetic style, there was a classic description in the Southern Qi Literature Biography: "Singing is shocking, manipulating is urgent, carving is gorgeous, and the soul is dazzling." -I remember a few years ago, a busybody was ingenious and designed a very different kind of ringtone, called "Ghost Call", which was about a female ghost. Her shrill voice and "urgent" tone coincide with Bao Zhao's poetic style. From this point of view, it is not without magnanimity for Li He to specially arrange that "the ghost in the autumn grave sings Bao Shi". Of course, you can also say that Bao Zhao is actually just a synonym for famous poets in ancient and modern times, and it is just a symbol. In my opinion, when ghosts sing poems, it is better to sing poems written by ghosts themselves, make and sell them themselves, which is more atmospheric and meets the requirements of "nature at present". Unfortunately, although there are many ghost poems, they are usually not signed by "big-name" poets, or pretend to be ghosts, or have no conclusive surnames to test. When singing poetry, if you can't rely on famous craftsmen who have been judged by history, you can't show the level of literary appreciation of ghosts. There are many ghost poems in the strange novels of past dynasties, and those "authors" are also famous with surnames, but everyone knows that they are not ghost works. The real author hides behind the scenes and refuses to show his true colors, just sneaking around under the guise of a fairy. This can be regarded as a feature of ghost poetry, which is definitely different from human poetry and has its own characteristics compared with ordinary first-person narrator poetry. Ghost stories often need to be interspersed with ghost poems in order to promote the progress of the plot and render emotions. Another occasion in which ghost poems appear in large numbers is that Lu You's Landscape Post and Lu Ling's Xiao Yu Xiu Cai's Poems said, "I can recognize the beauty of your poems, which is in the mountains and rivers." In fact, Landscape Post not only embellishes Xiao Yuxiu's poems, but also provides fertile ground for ghost poems and ghost stories. Travelers leave their original living environment, temporarily get rid of the shackles of personal social relations, and their mentality is relatively relaxed. Most of them are foreign scenic spots and cultural attractions. They often open their doors enthusiastically and can't help writing poems on the walls of abandoned post stations or strange towns and restaurants. When writing those "politically incorrect" themes and contents, in order to avoid the curious prying eyes of the "acquaintance society" and avoid possible troubles, it is best to pretend to be a fictional person anonymously in order to protect yourself. Of course, there are also some people who deliberately hide their true identity, dress up as men, and play tricks just to get addicted to role-playing. In this way, the generation process of poetry has increased drama and a period of confusion, so those ghostly poems have come into being. The article "Leave a Topic in the Guest House" in Volume 10 of Qingbo Magazine of the Song Dynasty can explain this problem very well: the guest house in the postal kiosk cooks at noon, and when staying at dusk, it is lazy to leave a little time, observe the inscriptions on the walls, or kiss the old surname, and it is difficult to write, but the article is ok. His brushwork is weak and his language is sad, both played by women and women. There is a poem on Changshan Road: "I gave it to the front shop and guarded the broken window. One is bright and the other is dark, and Gu Ying is not a pair. " Postscript: "Girl Zhang Huiqing." Back, all over the wall. Qujiang and the newly-built post station are called Yong Xi, which means that the water is three-directional, and it looks like "Yong". Bao Niang has a poem saying: "The old name is forever, and the smoke is full of haze. You have to know that tonight is good, and the place to stay is Jiangnan. " Later, Uncle Jiang Ying and versicolor said, "When one day is exhausted, the whole family will be destroyed. Bao Niang is a good poet, and she will stay in Jiangnan tonight. " Uncle Ying really wants to talk to the poetess, so it is very important to read this sentence in the north, so I am glad to play its rhyme. In the afternoon, I went to Shangrao. Officially, I went to Diaoyutai by boat, visited the shrine, and left an inscription on the poem board. I don't know. Liu Wu Nuo came to call from Keshan, and also remembered that he was in Yanggao Pavilion, and at the end of the cloud, "Shi Er Dai Shu". Later, someone wrote: "As soon as you enter the waiting gate, it is as deep as the sea, leaving a name bothers pedestrians. Imitating the dream of Gao Tang at night is still afraid that the meaning of the cloud is not true. " On Changshan Road, in Quxin Post and under Diaotai Temple, these three examples are all about the poet's "playing for women" in his creation, that is, "women disguised as men". "Taking care of shadows is not a pair", being alone and feeling sorry for shadows is enough to arouse the charming imagination of talented people and beautiful women; How can a talented woman who lives alone in the misty and verdant south of the Yangtze River in the dead of night, who is knowledgeable and delicate and touching, not let people imagine, as if dreaming of Gaotang? The temptation of "I'm still afraid to walk on the clouds" challenges the moral precepts of scholars and makes them daydream. While seizing the opportunity to perform openly, I tried to cover up my true colors with thick black and pink-of course, these capitals are not ghost poems in a strict sense, but the generation principle of ghost poems is exactly the same, as long as the women in the poems are replaced by ghosts. Most of the poems written by unknown girls on the wall are ridicule, while the poems written by female ghosts in strange books tend to be glamorous, and with some horror, they always reveal extra Leng Yan. Because of the purity of morality, scholars are embarrassed to write colorful poems openly; Because they are afraid of the taboo of customs, they don't want to create too desolate and lifeless artistic conception in their poems, so they hide behind the scenes to peek at joy, similar to anonymous posting on the Internet today. The sentences in those erotic poems are quite frivolous and bold, without the cover of ghost poems or imitation. I'm afraid I'm too embarrassed to tell the truth, so I have to get "half of her face is hidden behind her guitar from us." "Red beans are torn to pieces, green plums are torn to pieces", "I don't hate the love stories in casual books, but I have to admire Xuanhua and never forget them", which is quite unforgettable. More daring and straightforward, there is: "Cui Dai has been unintentionally released recently, and the silver is swaying." "You have your own sunset glow, so why do you love lotus clothes?" These erotic poems are all found in Firefly Window and Different Grass. The author of this classical Chinese novel in the Qing Dynasty signed Changbai Haoge, keeping his real name. Obviously, he doesn't want to face the readers of these erotic poems with his true identity, but only with the virtual "Changbai Haoge". There are many ghost poems with different types in "Different Grass in a Firefly Window". Here are a few harmless articles. There is a song written like this: "It's good to live in an official place, but it's troublesome when you're not there." The ugly man is half ignorant, and he will come if he goes. "Poetry is a clutch, and it is not well written. However, there is a crossword puzzle hidden inside. Every sentence is a word, and the comprehensive answer is the author's identity: "Women are ghosts", which is just that the literati are scheming and used to carving insects. More interesting is another song. A ghost incarnates as a female pheasant, feeling very good about herself, and actually endorses Lv Hou (Lv Zhi), the heroine of the Han Dynasty: Zeng Zhaoba has a great figure and is more blessed when he smiles. Beautiful women are always romantic, and they are red every time they turn to Nanyang. The first two sentences are extraordinary and domineering, and the last two sentences are coquettish and ostentatious, which can be described as birds and abrupt ancients. These two capitals are not typical in ghost poems. Generally speaking, ghost poems are always hauntingly cold and aggressive. In fact, it is not difficult to show something ghostly. Read more ghost poems, and you can master the mystery: damp, dark, cold, sad, desolate, and no one is there. A little coloring around these points will be enough. For example, the following song, also from the "firefly window and different grass", is quite simple, but well written: there is no light and phosphorus in the long night, and whoever breaks his heart will accompany the moon. Under a sad poplar tree, all the worries of the golden boudoir were buried. According to the scale of this poem, many inscriptions and postscript at the end of later generations are in line with the standard of ghost poetry and have similar taste. This is based on the standard of ghost poetry to measure human poetry. Of course, to measure ghost poetry, it is not appropriate to use the scale of human poetry, and some standards should be lowered appropriately. That's what Su Shi did. He not only likes listening to ghost stories, but also reads many ghost poems. According to his reading experience, the best of ghost poems is the following one, which is now copied out according to Volume II of Backstreet Record. Appreciation of strange articles: running water plays the piano and spits out buds, weaving blackbirds to fly home. No one in the deep village cooks cold, and the palace is empty for pear blossoms. If this poem is regarded as the third person tone, it may be understood as describing the bleak spring scenery, although the image of "mourning the palace" is a bit scary; If it is understood as the first person's position, then it is such a scene: the ghost who jumped out of the funeral palace wandered in the wilderness of the Cold Food Festival. This is an out-and-out ghost poem. No wonder Su Shi applauds it. Ghost poetry has the standard of ghost poetry. A poem written by a living person, if it looks like a ghost poem, may be regarded as an ominous sign or even attached to the poem. One day, walking in the Yuan Dynasty, the poet Fan Ya suddenly thought of two poems: "When the rain stops, the bamboo scissors and fireflies enter the night." On second thought, these two poems are so cold that they look like ghost poems, which makes him feel unlucky. He deliberately conceived a few sentences that were not so cold, and wrote an article "Autumn in Cangshan", which was included in this edition of the poetry anthology. This anecdote was mentioned in several poems in Yuan and Ming Dynasties, which shows its popularity. But different people have different opinions. Wang Shizhen, a poet in the early Qing Dynasty, had a special liking for these two poems. He especially intends to make a pair of couplets, which he also talked about in Yu Yang's Poems. Wang Shizhen didn't seem to take it to heart to point at the secular "almost ghostly works". Maybe Fan Yi is too sensitive. In fact, although these two poems focus on yin, they seem to have a long way to go, not to mention the author himself is not interested in ghosts, but in the night scene after the rain. Occasionally look at Li Boyuan's Nan Ting Hua Si in the late Qing Dynasty. The fourth book "Xie Zhuang Shi Hua" recorded eight landscape poems in "Mystery", which reminded me of fairyland and made an interesting reference. According to Li Boyuan, "Poems of Eight Scenes in a Mystery" was written by Ye Qingfen, a history of Guangxi women, and was written by a person who wanted to do good deeds, with solid words. "It's very emotional to attach a dustpan to the female ghost, and there are eight magnificent ones. Eight scenes are all five words, which are different from the eight scenes in local chronicles. This kind of thing is trivial. I wonder if the author intends to use it to separate the two worlds. There are eight scenic spots in the dark, including Meng Po Xiao Zhuang Drink, Yunnan Ghost Tanfan Monk, Blood Pool Fishing, Night Watch at Wangxiangtai, Walking in Evil Dog Village, Strip Pavilion for cooling, Naiheqiao Spring Bank, and Moon Watching at the Gate of Hell. Blood Pool, Dog Village, Naihe Bridge and Death Gate, these scenic spots, as the name implies, are already very bad, but fishing, hiking, spring outing, moon viewing and so on. Still at ease. For example, this song "Walking in a Bad Dog Village": I can vaguely hear dogs barking through the flowers. Looking for the scent of strangers and slowly returning. Only green phosphorus is 10 million points, and people often fly by themselves at night. There are eight sights in the world, which are novel and unique. "Once upon a time, a good man painted a poem, and Zhou Zi in Guilin benefited the most." Here is a poem by Zhou, "Peeling at the Pavilion to Enjoy the Cool", which is worth a taste: When does the world hate the sea? Daoshan became a cool world, which was relieved by the breeze and the cold in June. After reading the aftertaste, it seems that there is a cold wind coming, which is creepy. For example, the predecessors said that reading ghost stories is a cold bath for the nerves, and readers of this group of poems should feel the same way. Of course, it is the activity of a busybody to dress up as a man and pretend to be a ghost. It is also the job of a busybody to write eight scenic poems in mystery and "paint poems". There are many such busybodies, such as Xue in the Song Dynasty. He and Mr. Dongpo are like-minded. After reading a lot of ghost poems, his skills are unbearable, so he plans to write two poems and store them in the eighth volume of Yu Lang Collection. A cloud: sitting on the hate platform and whistling at night. Zheng Hong can't remember how many times he returned it. Bronze erodes the rhombic surface, and the dark clouds are inadvertently swept away. The second cloud: Wang Le's troubles are not real. Swimming without carbuncle. Looking closely at the world, how many people can you belong to? Please come and identify: Are these two poems like ghost poems? (Originally published in Knowledge of Literature and History, No.5, 2009)