Tite chrysanthemum
Huang Chao [Tang Dynasty]
The west wind is rustling all over the courtyard, and cold butterflies are hard to come by.
If I were Di Qing next year, I would report to Taohua.
Distinguish and appreciate
Lin Kuan, a poet at the end of the Tang Dynasty, wrote two poems: "Mo Yan immediately won the world, and heroes have interpreted poems since ancient times." (Song Feng Tai) Throughout the ages, there are many heroes who can interpret poetry, and Huang Chao, the leader of the peasant uprising in the late Tang Dynasty, is one of them. Since Tao Yuanming's famous sentence "Picking chrysanthemums under the east fence and seeing Nanshan leisurely" came out in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, chrysanthemums have formed an indissoluble bond with the arrogant noble literati hermits, and almost became the spiritual symbol of feudal literati. Huang Chao's chrysanthemum poems are completely out of the mode of similar works, showing different ideological realm and artistic style.
"The west wind is full of plants, and the cold butterfly is hard to come." The first two sentences of this poem say that the autumn wind is rustling and the chrysanthemums in the courtyard are swaying.
The first sentence says chrysanthemums are in full bloom in the rustling autumn wind. "West Wind" points out the season and makes the next sentence; "Full garden" is full of chrysanthemums; Saying "plant" instead of "open" is to avoid rhyming with the last sentence, and the word "plant" itself gives people a feeling of standing upright. Writing that chrysanthemums bloom in the wind and frost to show their strength is not difficult to see in literati's poems about chrysanthemums; However, "planting in a garden" is obviously different from the chrysanthemum image in literati's poems. Whether it is to express the feeling of "being aloof from the world", to express the state of "being aloof and unique" or to express the feeling of being alone without company, the word "loneliness" is often inseparable. Huang Chao's poems only say "the whole garden is planted" because in his mind, chrysanthemum is a symbol of the working people, which has nothing to do with the word "solitary". Chrysanthemum blossoms against the wind and frost, of course, showing its vitality, but it is a great pity that it is in the cold autumn, "cold butterflies are hard to come." In the rustling autumn wind, chrysanthemums seem to have a chill and a faint fragrance, which is not as fragrant as flowers in full bloom in sunny spring, so butterflies rarely fly to pick up the delicate fragrance of chrysanthemums. In the writings of old literati, this fact usually always causes two kinds of feelings, narcissism or lack of talent. The author's feelings are different. In his view, "my heart is cold in Leng Xiang" because chrysanthemums open in the cold season, and he can't help feeling sorry for the untimely opening of chrysanthemums.
"If I were Di Qing next year, I would report peach blossoms." The last two sentences of the poem say that one day, I will be a spring god, and I will arrange chrysanthemums and peach blossoms to bloom together in spring. The last two sentences are the natural development of the author's feelings. The author imagines that one day he will be the god of spring, and he will make chrysanthemums and peach blossoms bloom together in spring. This kind of imagination, full of strong romantic passion, concentrated on expressing the author's grand ambition. The chrysanthemum in the poem is the embodiment of the working people at the bottom of Qian Qian's society at that time. The author not only appreciates their tenacious vitality of opening up to the wind and frost, but also hates their environment and fate and is determined to completely change it. The so-called "Di Qing" can be regarded as the policy program for establishing the peasant regime. The author imagines that working people can live a warm spring on that day. It is worth noting that this also reflects the simple concept of equality of farmers, because in the author's view, chrysanthemums and peaches are all blooming and should enjoy the same treatment. Chrysanthemum is alone in the cold autumn, and its core is cold and fragrant, which is really unfair. So he decided to let chrysanthemums enjoy the warmth of spring like peach blossoms. You may think this is a poetic idea of farmers' equality.
There is also a question of who will change fate. Pray for God's sympathy and mercy instead of "I support Di Qing"? There is a difference between being a slave to fate and being the master of it. The author of this poem said, "I am Di Qing." This heroic language embodies the heroic will and self-confidence of the leaders of the peasant class and the old regime, which is an iron threshold that all feudal literati can't cross.
The thoughts and feelings expressed in this poem are very heroic. It shows the true nature of an ambitious person, but it is not superficial, but it still contains meaning. This is because the poem successfully uses the technique of bi xing, which itself combines the author's unique feelings and understanding of life.
2. Extracurricular appreciation of ancient poetry reading.
make an appointment
Zhao Shixiu [Song Dynasty]
Mei Huang Shi, every family was flooded by rain, and the pond was covered with green grass and frogs.
It's past midnight, and the invited guests haven't come yet. I tapped the chess pieces bored and shook the wick of an oil lamp.
Distinguish and appreciate
Being in contact with someone for a long time will inevitably lead to anxiety. This is probably an experience that everyone will have. It is difficult to write interesting poems. However, this little poem by Zhao Shixiu is just like this emotion, but it is very profound and has a rich aftertaste.
"It rains at home in Huangmei season." The beginning of the work first points out the season, "Huangmei season", which is the rainy season in the south of the Yangtze River when plums are yellow and ripe. Then write the characteristics of "Huangmei season" with the words "it rains at home", and describe a misty and rainy poem and painting in the south of the Yangtze River, where every family is shrouded in drizzle.
"The grass pond is full of frogs." In this sentence, the poet compares the unique beauty of silence in Jiangnan summer night with the grass pond and the deafening frog sound shrouded in misty rain. The more frogs come and go, the more deafening it is, and the more it highlights the silence of summer nights. This is a common technique used to express silence in literary works.
"I can't make an appointment at midnight" makes the title of the poem clear, and also makes the description of scenery and sound in the above two sentences very in place. Use "dating" to point out that the poet had "invited guests" to visit, and "after midnight" showed that the host was patient and anxious. What he expected was the guest's knock on the door, but all he heard was the sound of rain and frogs, which showed the author's anxiety.
"Knocking on chess pieces and landing on snuff" is the poetic eye of the whole poem, which makes the whole poem shine at once. The poet waited for no guests, and the wick gradually burned out. When the poet is bored, he subconsciously knocks on the chessboard and knocks down the snuff with the sound of chess. The poet knocked on the chess pieces quietly and looked at the table full of snuff. Although his friends have been waiting, he is impatient, but the poet's mood is out of waiting at this moment, intoxicated with the scenery outside the window, integrated into it, and found that unique joy. The whole poem not only describes the poet's scene of waiting for a guest to visit on a rainy night, but also writes the feeling of disappointment that the guest has not arrived, which can be described as both form and spirit. The whole poem has a strong flavor of life and gets rid of the habit of carving, so it is beautiful and can be recited.
When people are lonely and anxious, they often subconsciously make a monotonous and mechanical action, such as deliberately making a noise to break the silence and dilute their worries. The poet's "knocking chess pieces" here is just such an action. "Falling into Snuff" is of course caused by playing chess, but it also euphemistically shows the situation that the wick burns for a long time and the guests wait for a long time, and the image of the poet's frustration is vividly on the paper. This detail of playing chess contains multiple meanings, including near and far, and has charm. This shows the importance of capturing typical details in artistic creation.
Another obvious feature of this poem is the use of contrast. The first two sentences about outdoor "it rains at home" and "frogs are everywhere" are as loud as two sermons. The last two sentences are written about sitting indoors, playing chess, being silent and bored, which is in sharp contrast with the previous ones. Through this contrast, the poet expressed his feelings of loneliness and disappointment more deeply. Therefore, although Zhao Shixiu and other "Four Spirits" poets appeared with indifferent and fresh faces, they actually had a lot of painstaking efforts.
3. Extracurricular appreciation of ancient poetry
There is a war in the south and the north.
Lu [Tang Dynasty]
The general rode out of the Great Wall and fought Mao Dun in the vast sea of people.
The two armies fought in the north of Yanmenguan, and our army and the enemy occupied positions in the south of the city.
The war didn't stop at night, the ring of the bow carved by the soldiers was beautiful, and the running of the cavalry was not cut off the next day.
The soldiers fought hard at night and should have rested during the day, but they didn't stop until the battle was won and had a good sleep.
Make an appreciative comment
This is a quasi-ancient poem. By describing the border war between the early Han Dynasty and the Xiongnu, it praised the achievements of the border guards in fighting bloody battles and defending the territory at that time, and reflected some realities of foreign wars in the early Tang Dynasty.
The first pair of this poem is a strict antithesis. "When a general goes out of the race, Mao Dun is greedy for Ukraine" points out the warring parties and introduces the geographical background of the war. Khan, who was good at fighting, killed his father and stood on his own feet, destroyed Donghu, supported Ding Ling every month, and invaded Henan (now Hetao area in Inner Mongolia) in the Qin Dynasty, which was powerful. In the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, it invaded south from time to time, which seriously affected the Western Han Dynasty. Here, "General" and "Modu" confront each other. Since modu chanyu is so brave, the "general" is naturally extraordinary. Here to pave the way for the next fierce battle. "Black greed" and "purple plug" are relative, indicating that you are in a foreign country. "Zisai" is a customary name for the Great Wall in ancient times. Purple symbolizes nobility, solemnity and inviolability, which is opposite to Ukraine. The word "greed" after the word "Wu" is more likely to make people feel contemptuous. Poetry uses the shape, meaning and color of words in people's minds to skillfully create an overwhelming momentum, which not only paves the way for the following, but also shows confidence in winning.
Take care of the first sentence and point out the reason why "the general has a purple plug" The enemy is so rampant that it is natural for the Han army to rise up and resist. The next sentence "pterosaur in the south of the city" also landed. Not only to meet head-on, but also to surround from left to right. The battle between the two wings has reached the "south of Dragon City"-taking the enemy's nest. Between the lines, the strength of the Han army and the heroism of fighting foreign enemies are revealed.
"Carving a bow turns at night, and an iron horse goes to war" further describes the fighting life of anti-enemy soldiers. They are waiting for the night, never leaving the saddle in the morning, ready to leap forward and catch up with the north. Compared with Waiting for Your Pillow, the description of "Holding a Jade Saddle at Night" is novel and bold. "Wandering around" and "participating in the battle" not only properly show the nervous and calm mood of the soldiers ahead, but also are full of confidence to win.
"You have to stay in the daytime and wait for the fighting side" is a famous sentence that has been passed down through the ages. Although the poem does not explain when the confrontation began, the day is coming to an end and the battle is still going on fiercely. The soldiers were waiting for the victory of the decisive battle, so they called from the heart: "Sun! Please stay and let us fight the enemy! " Sunrise and sunset are immutable natural laws. The call to "stay in the daytime" seems absurd and almost crazy, but in fact it vividly shows the high fighting spirit of the soldiers. This is a change in the poem "An De Long Rope Ties Heaven". At the end, the words "the fighting side is fierce" do not directly say the outcome of the war, but it is clear who wins and who loses, because the second couplet has shown that pterosaurs have gone straight to the enemy's lair-south of the city. Generally speaking, this is a masterpiece of Qie Yuefu's Buddhism.
4. Extracurricular appreciation of ancient poetry.
Walking in the sand, snow is like plum blossoms.
Lv Benzhong [Song Dynasty]
Snow is like plum blossoms, and plum blossoms are like snow. It's great to like and dislike. A nasty smell. Who knows? Find the month of the south building.
I remember last year, when plum blossoms were in full bloom. Nobody said anything about the past. Who are you drunk for and who are you awake for? I still hate leaving lightly.
Make an appreciative comment
Lv Benzhong's poems are famous for their exquisite conception, and most of them are written with a light taste. Hu Zai said, "Lu's poems are clean and lovely. For example,' the trees move in the afternoon, the shadows are quiet, and the spring breeze is idle for ten days',' the past is half a pillow dream, so I ran a few books in the north and south'. " Lv Benzhong's artistic style is particularly evident in his ci. The words "Picking Mulberry Seeds" (hate the king is not like Jiang Yue), "Chopping Magnolia" (last night) and "Bodhisattva Man" (the tall building is only in the sunset) all clearly show the poet's artistic style.
In the first movie, the word "same" and "different" were used to describe the wonderful scenery in Mei Xue. When plum blossoms and snow are flying at the same time, writing plum blossoms often talks about snow in the background. Miracle's "Early Plum" in the Tang Dynasty: "Qiancun, Zita Law, opened branches last night." In the Song Dynasty, Lu You's poem Plum Blossom is a quatrain: "I heard that the fragrance of plum blossoms is full of fresh wind, and snowdrifts are all over the four mountains." Because plum blossom and snow are at the same time, plum blossom and snowflake are similar, so poets often associate them. Zhang Qian's poem "Early Plum" in the Tang Dynasty says that the two are inseparable in shape: "A tree with cold plum and white jade belt is adjacent to the village road and creek bridge. I don't know if the water came first, but it is suspected that it was not sold after the winter snow. " In the Song Dynasty, Wang Anshi showed his uniqueness from another angle. The poem "Plum Blossoms" says: "There are several plums in a corner, and hanling blooms alone. I know from a distance that it is not snow, because it has a faint fragrance. " Plum blossoms and snowflakes are similar in shape and color, but different in quality and spirit. Therefore, in this poem, after writing "Snow is like plum blossom, plum blossom is like snow", the poet immediately drew a stroke: "Similarity and difference are wonderful". "Like" is the color of the word, and "dislike" is the fragrance of the word. In the dim moonlight, white Mei Jie, fragrance floating, this is really a wonderful realm.
The wonders under the moon should be pleasing to the eye, but the poet thinks it means "annoying" or "teasing", which is not uncommon in poetry. The cause of people's anxiety is that the poet didn't answer directly, but said vaguely, "Who knows that disgusting smell?" Seek the south tower moon. "The poet has set a suspense here, which is thought-provoking.
A famous sentence in Jiang Yan's house: "Spring grass is green and spring water is rippling. What's the harm in sending you to Nanpu? " Li Bai's "Lushui Qu": "Lushui autumn, Nanhu picks white apples. Lotus was so charming that it killed the boatman. " This poem is about seeing off, when spring grass is like grass and green water is like dye. It was this spring that increased the poet's melancholy. Shi Li said that the girl was picking apples on the lake. It was bright in autumn and the lotus was red. However, this scene is not happy, but sad. This is because she has something on her mind. Seeing this happy scene is incompatible with her mood, but it adds to her sadness.
The following passage tells the source of the poet's soul: "I remember last year, I visited Mei. No one has said those old things. " It turns out that last year was plum blossom season. I once enjoyed plum blossoms with my lover, and the Moon of the South Tower can testify. Now that I have left my lover, the scenery remains the same and the personnel are no longer there. It was only when I finished this sentence that I pointed out why the poet didn't come to get drunk and woke up frequently in order to "hate" the "light farewell". The whole poem first sets up numerous doubts and clouds, and then dispels the fog and clouds, revealing the original intention, so that readers can understand from deep confusion and get emotional comfort.
"Love words must be reflected by scenery, profound and beautiful." (Wu's Lotus Seeds in Ci, Volume II) Walking in the Sand has a hazy beauty of watching snow, plum blossoms, going upstairs to express feelings, expressing feelings for the moon and euphemistically expressing the hate of leaving. This hazy beauty is different from that of MingLiang Yu, but it is not obscure. If a word is puzzling and puzzling, it loses its meaning. The word is not obscure, but obscure Hazy beauty is like a flower in the fog, a daughter behind a veil. It's not clear at first glance, but you can see its shape in detail. This realm gives people an implicit beauty. The theme of this word depends entirely on the last sentence, "I still hate parting." The artistic technique is really like painting a dragon. In the process of rolling clouds, a scale appeared in the east, a claw appeared in the west, and finally the finishing touch was seen, thus making the dragon in the painting look vigorous and full of charm.
5. Extracurricular appreciation of ancient poetry.
Duyin Mingyue No.1
Li Bai [Tang Dynasty]
Flowers in the next pot of wine, no friends, drink alone.
Raise my cup, I invite the bright moon, which brings me its shadow and makes us three people.
The moon doesn't know how to drink, but the shadow in front of it is behind.
I have to mingle with them and enjoy the happiness of spring.
The song I sing is bright and wandering, and I dance the shadow before wandering.
Wake up and be happy together, and disperse after drunkenness. (having sex with others: having sex with others)
I am willing to stay with them forever and forget the harm of friendship, just like the Milky Way.
Make an appreciative comment
The poet of this poem is a feeling of loneliness and sadness caused by political setbacks.
In Buddhism, there is a saying that "establish one meaning", then "break one meaning", then "establish" and "break" after "establish", and finally distinguish the law. In modern terms, it means telling a truth first, then refuting it and establishing a new theory, then refuting it and establishing it, and finally drawing a correct conclusion. Generally speaking, there are always two sides to this argument, which are "breaking" and "standing" each other. However, there is only one person in Li Bai's poems. In the form of monologue, he strives for self-improvement and self-reliance, and his poems are ups and downs, similar to nature, so they are handed down to future generations.
The poet came to power with a greenhouse as the background, a pot of wine as the prop, and he was the only one who appeared on the stage. The action was to drink alone, and the words "no blind date" were added. The scene was very monotonous. So on a whim, the poet turned his own shadow in the bright moon and moonlight on the horizon, even himself, into three people, raised a glass and drank, and the deserted scene became lively. This is "Li".
However, despite the poet's hospitality, "Until I raise my glass, I ask the bright moon" and the bright moon are "indissoluble bonds" after all. As for the shadow, although as Tao Qian said, "When you meet a son, there is no difference between sadness and happiness. If you have a good rest in the shade and don't leave until the end of the day (Shadow Answer Sheet), but after all, the shadow won't drink; For the time being, the poet will follow the bright moon with the figure, warm bloom in this spring ("spring" reverses the word "flower" above), and enjoy life in time. "Gu Ying was alone, and suddenly he was drunk again." (Preface to Tao Qian's Drinking Poems) These four sentences make the feeling of the moon shadow unpredictable, which is "broken".
The poet has gradually entered his hometown where he was drunk and dreamy. He was intoxicated, singing and dancing. When singing, the moonlight lingers, reluctant to go, as if listening to good news; When dancing, the figure of the poet, in the moonlight, also becomes messy, as if dancing on him. Wake up and be happy with each other until you are as drunk as a fiddler. When I was lying in bed, the moonlight and the figure were helplessly separated. "I sang. The moon encourages me and I dance. After my shadow rolled down, I woke up to have sex, and then I got drunk and we lost each other. "These four sentences, like Moonlight and Back, were written to the poet. This is the "station" again.
In the last two sentences, the poet sincerely met the moon and the shadow: "Is goodwill always safe?" I see the long road of the Milky Way. " But the "moon" and "shadow" are still heartless things after all, and making friends with heartless things mainly depends on the poet's own feelings. In "Is goodwill always safe?" "Ruthless" is broken, "eternal knot" and "tour" are established, and they are broken and established, which constitutes the final conclusion.
The title is "Drinking the Bright Moon Alone", and the poet uses his rich imagination to express a complex emotion from independence but not independence, from independence but not independence, and then to independence but not independence. On the surface, the poet can really enjoy himself, but behind it is infinite desolation. The poet once wrote a poem entitled "If you are drunk in spring, you are determined to win": "If you live a big dream, why bother to make a living? Just lying in front of us all day drunk and slumped. Looking into the court, a bird was singing among the flowers. Excuse me, when is this? The spring breeze is whispering. Feel like sighing, and fall in love with wine. Haug waits for the bright moon, but the song has been forgotten. " Among them, the words "one bird", "self-pity" and "waiting for the bright moon" show the poet's unavoidable loneliness. Lonely invitation to the moon is not enough. Even in the years to come, you can't find anyone to drink. You can only be friends with the figure in the moonlight forever and meet again in a distant paradise. The last two sentences highlight the poet's lonely and barren feelings.