AD 928
(Tiancheng three years of Mingzong in the later Tang Dynasty) Yang Qianzhen, the envoy of Jianchuan Jiedu, killed Zheng Longdan and established Zhao Shanzheng, named "Da Tianxing".
AD 929
(the fourth year of Tiancheng, Mingzong of the Later Tang Dynasty)
Yang Qianzhen abolished Zhao Shanzheng and established himself. The name is "Dayi Ning".
AD 936
(the first year of Putianfu) Tonghai Jiedu envoy Duan Siping attacked Yang Qianzhen, and Qianzhen escaped and died.
AD 937
(the second year of Tianfu in the later Jin Dynasty) Duan Siping came to the throne, named Dali Kingdom, and his capital was Yangzhiye City.
In 971 AD
(the seventh year of the Taiping and Xingguo reign of Song Taizu), the Song Dynasty built large ships on the Dadu River "to provide relief to the tribute payers of the southwestern barbarians."
AD 994
(the fifth year of Chunhua, Taizu of the Song Dynasty) The Song Dynasty granted the Duan family in Dali "the title of Taibao of the Inspection School, General of Guide, and King Zhongshun of Yigui"
In 995 AD (the first year of Zhidao in the Song Dynasty), Xin Qia made an official envoy to Yunnan and wrote "Records of Zhidao Yunnan".
In 1074 AD
(the seventh year of Xining reign of Emperor Shenzong of the Song Dynasty), Yang Zuo went to Dali to buy horses and wrote "Horse Buying in Yunnan".
AD 1076
(The ninth year of Xining, Shenzong of the Song Dynasty) Lian Yi was killed by his minister Yang Yizhen. Yang Yizhen usurped the throne for four months, and Duan's minister Gao Zhisheng challenged him. Establish integrity and righteousness, and follow the son Shouhui.
AD 1094
(the first year of Shaosheng, Emperor Zhezong of the Song Dynasty) Zhengming avoided the throne in order to increase his position, and Shanmin Marquis Gao Shengtai usurped the throne, named "Dazhong".
AD 1096
(Song Zhezong Shaosheng three years) Gao Shengtai died, his son Gao Taiming obeyed his father's last words and returned to the Duan family, and his younger brother Zhengchun was established. At this point, Dali or It is called "the country of Houli".
In 1109 AD
(the third year of Emperor Huizong’s reign in the Song Dynasty), the thirty-seven tribes revolted and were suppressed by the Gao family.
Nanzhao Kingdom and Dali Kingdom---The History of Dali
The Origin of Nanzhao
At the end of the Sui Dynasty and the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, around and around the Erhai Lake in Dali, Yunnan Province In the northern areas of Ailao Mountain and Wuliang Mountain, there are many tribes and tribes of Wu and Bai Man. From 649 to 902, the "Wu Man" and "Bai Man" in southwest China established a slave-making border national government. It is generally believed that the Wuman are the ancestors of today's Yi people. Among them, there are six most powerful Wuman tribes, known as "Liuzhao" in history ("Chao" means king), namely Mengshe, Mengxi, Langqiong, Dengxi, Shilang and Yueji; or "Eight Zhao". "Edict", then add Shihe and Shiqiao two edicts ("New Book of Tang" was written by Pang and Yuichuan Luoshi). Mengshe Zhao is located in the south of all Zhaos, so it is also called Nanzhao. In 649, Xinuluo, the leader of the Mengshe imperial edict, established the "Greater Mongolian Kingdom" and called himself "King Qijia". His subjects belonged to the Tang Dynasty and sent envoys to pay tribute. During the reign of Wu Zetian, his son Luosheng entered the court in person. Mengshe Zhao originally lived in Mengshe (today's northwest of Weishan, Yunnan). During the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, Pi Luoge, the grandson of Luo Sheng, unified the six Zhaos with the support of the Tang Dynasty and moved the capital to Taihe City (today's Nantaihe Village of Dali, Yunnan). In 779, he moved to Yang (Yang) Jumei City (now Dali, Yunnan). In 738, the Tang Dynasty named Piluo Pavilion as Meng Guiyi and granted him the title of King of Yunnan. Piluo Pavilion and its subsidiary Luo Feng developed their power with the Erhai area as the center, wiping out the Cuan family in the central, eastern and southern parts of present-day Yunnan to the east, and encompassing the Xunchuan, Puzi and Wang clans west of present-day Lancang River to the southwest. Juzi and other ethnic areas. Nanzhao has played a positive role in developing production within the territory and connecting the economy and culture of the region, Central and South Asia and the Central Plains.
The unification of the six imperial edicts in Nanzhao was originally promoted by the Tang Dynasty. After unification, Nanzhao expanded outward. At that time, the Tang Dynasty established Yaozhou (north of Tao'an in present-day Yunnan) and built Anning City (in present-day Yunnan). It developed its power in various parts of present-day Yunnan and had conflicts with Nanzhao. During the reign of Xuanzong Tianbao, the Tang Dynasty began to restrain Nanzhao's expansion. However, Jiannan Jiedu envoy Xianyu Zhongtong and Yunnan governor Zhang Qiantuo were greedy and unintelligent, which further intensified the conflict between the two sides. In 750, Geluofeng sent troops to capture Yaozhou, killed Qiantuo, and then turned his back on Tang and attached himself to Tubo. In 752, Tubo named him "Zanpu Zhong", which means the younger brother of the Tubo king. He gave him a gold seal and was known as the "Eastern Emperor". At that time, Yang Guozhong was the prime minister of the Tang Dynasty. He mobilized 100,000 troops from all over the country to conquer, but was defeated by Nanzhao. Later, the Anshi Rebellion broke out, Tubo advanced eastward, and the Tang Dynasty was unable to deal with the southwest. Nanzhao took the opportunity to expand its territory and control the vast area south of the Dadu River in today's Sichuan, including southwest Sichuan, all of Yunnan, and northwest Guizhou. During the time of Geluo Feng and Sun Yimouxun, Nanzhao was at its most powerful. He once used 200,000 troops to attack Jiannan Xichuan together with Tubo. Tubo regarded Nanzhao as a vassal state, levied troops and taxes from it, and stationed troops in its territory. King Yimouxun of Nanzhao could not bear to be disturbed. In 787, Wei Gao, the military governor of Xichuan in Jiannan of Tang Dynasty, continued to fight for Nanzhao. In 789, Tubo and the Uighurs competed for Beiting and mobilized Nanzhao's troops, causing dissatisfaction in Nanzhao. In 794, Nanzhao finally broke with Tubo, restored its alliance with Tang, and allied forces with Tang to defeat Tubo. Yimuxun accepted the title of "King of Nanzhao" from Tang, but due to the needs of the development of the slave economy, in order to plunder the population To serve as slaves, Nanzhao still launched wars against surrounding areas from time to time. In 829, Nanzhao captured Chengdu and plundered tens of thousands of female craftsmen. In the middle of the 9th century, the Tubo regime collapsed, and the Tang Dynasty's national power was also very weak. Nanzhao had no worries about the northwest, and invaded the Tang territory more frequently, becoming the most serious border trouble in the late Tang Dynasty.
The political system of Nanzhao was deeply influenced by the Central Plains. Its initial official system included six caos, namely Bing Cao, Hu Cao, Ke Cao, Fa Cao, Shi Cao and Cang Cao. They basically followed the local official system of the Tang Dynasty. Later, Liu Cao was changed to San Tuo and Jiu Shuang. The three trusts are: Qing Tuo, the owner of the horse; Lu Tuo, the owner of the ox; Ju Tuo, the owner of the warehouse. Jiu Shuang is: Mu Shuang, in charge of soldiers; Cong Shuang, in charge of household registration; Ci Shuang, in charge of ceremonies; Punishing Shuang, in charge of punishments; Quan Shuang, in charge of officials; Jueshuang, in charge of work; Wan Shuang, in charge of finances; Yin Shuang, in charge of finances; Host and guest; He Shuang, the host merchant. His prime minister is called Qingpingguan, who decides the importance of state affairs. The local military and political system has six envoys, two governors, and six governors. "Bi" is like "zhou" in Tang Dynasty.
Nanzhao’s cultural and educational system also mostly imitated the Central Plains. Nanzhao sent children of the royal family and nobles to study in Chengdu and Chang'an many times. The three generations of Fengjiayi, Yimouxun, and Yimengcuo (Xungequan) took the captured Tangxi Lu County Magistrate Zheng Hui as their teacher, and later appointed Zheng Hui as a Qingping official. Many Nanzhao people were proficient in Chinese and good at poetry. Nanzhao Wang Longshun, Qingping official Yang Qikun, etc. all wrote popular poems, which were included in "Complete Poems of the Tang Dynasty". Nanzhao also absorbed many industrial and agricultural production technologies from the Han region. The captured Chengdu craftsmen taught textile techniques in Nanzhao, "Nanzhao's craftsmen are as good as those in Shu". Buddhism was prevalent when King Nanzhao persuaded Long Sheng. The Mongolian royal family not only advocates Buddhism, but also believes in the Three Treasures. Fengyou's mother also became a monk, and her dharma name was Huihai. Dali Chongsheng Temple and the Three Pagodas were built during the Nanzhao period and still stand at the foot of Cangshan Mountain.
In the late Nanzhao period, due to frequent wars, heavy taxes and servitude, poor production, and various conflicts intensified. In 897, Nanzhao King Longshun only knew how to hunt and drink, but ignored state affairs. He was killed by his minister Yang Deng. In 902, the powerful minister Zheng Maisi (the seventh grandson of Zheng Hui) took advantage of the boiling public dissatisfaction to kill Nanzhao King Shun Huazhen, seize the throne, and establish another political power. Nanzhao was destroyed. It has been 254 years since Xinuluo became king in 649, and there have been thirteen lords.
The Rise of the Dali Kingdom
The Dali Kingdom was a national political power established in present-day Yunnan in the Song Dynasty with the Bai people as the main body. In the second year of Tianfu of Emperor Zhaozong of the Tang Dynasty (902), the Nanzhao noble Zheng Maisi destroyed the Meng clan and established himself on his own, changing the country's name to "Dachanghe". In the third year of Tiancheng (928), Emperor Mingzong of the Later Tang Dynasty, Yang Qianzhen destroyed the Zheng family, supported Zhao Shanzheng, and changed the country's name to "Datianxing". Tianxing Kingdom existed for only ten months. Yang Qianzhen abolished the Zhao family and established his own country, and changed the country's name to "Dayi Ning". Yang Qianzhen was "corrupt and cruel, and was resented both at home and abroad". In the second year of Tianfu in the Later Jin Dynasty (937), Duan Siping, the governor of Tonghai, used the slogan "Reduce your taxes by half and exempt you from corvee service for three years", united the resistance forces of the thirty-seven tribes in eastern Yunnan, expelled Yang Qianzhen, proclaimed himself king, and reformed the country. The name is "Dali", which is Duan's Dali. The reason for Duan's victory was that his policy of "reducing taxes on grain and easing corvee labor" and his reforms of "making the system easier and removing harsh orders" were widely supported by the people.
When Duan Siping passed away for 12 generations to Duan Lianyi, the powerful minister Yang Yizhen killed Lianyi and established himself in the third year of Yuanfeng (1080), Emperor Shenzong of the Song Dynasty. Four months later, Shanchan (Kunming) Hou Gao Zhilian ordered his son Gao Shengtai to raise an army to kill Yang Yizhen, and made Duan Lianyi's nephew Duan Shouhui king. Shou Hui Chuan Zheng Ming. In the first year of Shaosheng's reign (1094), Emperor Zhezong of the Song Dynasty ascended to the throne, abolished the Zhengming Dynasty, established himself as king, and changed the country's name to "Greater China". Shengtai died in the second year of his reign. His son returned the throne to Zhengming's younger brother Zhengchun in accordance with the will, and the Duan family was restored. Historians called it "the country of Houli". During the Houli Kingdom period, the Gao family was the Prime Minister of the country, known as "the Duke of China", and held real power.
The administrative area of ??Dali is equivalent to Nanzhao. According to "Yuan Shi·Geography", "It reaches Hengshan on Pu'an Road in the east (today's Pu'an, Guizhou), west to Jiangtoucheng in Myanmar (today's Jiesha, Myanmar)", "to the Lucang River on Lin'an Road in the south (today's Vietnam)" Heihe River in the north of Laizhou), and the Dadu River in Roros in the north. "In the early days of Dali, there were a capital (Dali area), two governors (Huichuan, Tonghai), and six festivals (Nongdong, Yinsheng, Yongchang, etc.) in this vast area. Lishui, Tuodong, Jianchuan); the two governors are sometimes also called Jiedu, so there are eight in total, so they are called the "Eight Kingdoms of Yunnan". In the later period of Dali, eight prefectures, four counties and four towns were established. The eight prefectures were Shanchan (now Kunming) and Weichu (now Chuxiong) outside the capital of Dali. Their unified direction included Nongdong (now Yao'an), Huichuan (now Huili), Jianchang (now Xichang), and Tengyue (now Xichang). Tengchong), Moutong (today's Heqing), Yongchang (today's Baoshan); the four counties are Dongchuan (today's Huize), Shicheng (today's Qujing), Heyang (today's Chengjiang), and Xiushan (today's Tonghai); the four towns are Chengji Town (now Yongsheng) in the northwest, Menghe Town (now Weishan) in the southwest, Zhenxi Town (now Yingjiang) in the west, and Suining Town (now Kaiyuan) in the east. When Hou was in charge of the country, the descendants of the Gao family were entrusted to eight prefectures and were hereditary garrison; the rulers of the four counties had the Gao family and other surnames.
The political system of Dali is basically the same as that of Nanzhao. The king is called Piaoxin, and there are Qingping officials under him, including Tanchuo, Buxie, Jiuzan, and Yanzan. Among them, Yanzan was added by Dali. There is "Nine Coolness" under the officials of Qingping Dynasty.
Dali's social economy has developed greatly compared with Nanzhao. "Guihai Yu Heng Zhi" said: "Dali has a vast territory, a large population, and excellent equipment." When Emei Jinshi Yang Zuo went to Dali to buy horses and passed Yaozhou, he saw that the local agricultural production was almost the same as that of Zizhong and Rong County in Sichuan. In the early Yuan Dynasty, Guo Songnian went to Dali and saw that the "irrigation benefits of Qinghu Lake in Yunnan (now Xiangyun) reached the wild fields of Yunnan"; the residents of Baiya (now called Duhongya) area gathered together, and the fields were covered with hemp. Zhaochuandian ( Dali Fengyi) has the Shenzhuang River running through it, which irrigates thousands of hectares of fields, so the people are rich and there are fewer droughts. The animal husbandry industry is also quite developed. Dali produces horses, and thousands of them are sold to Guangxi via Guizhou every year.
The handicraft industry is very prosperous, and the armor made of elephant skin is exquisite in form and as strong as iron; the felt, painted utensils, horse whips, saddles and bridles are quite famous. The level of the iron smelting industry is very high, and Yunnan knives are valued by people of all ethnic groups in the south for their ability to "blow hair out". The copper smelting technology is skillful and the workmanship is exquisite. The bronze Buddha statues in Dali today show the grand scale of copper smelting and the superb plastic arts.
The development of agriculture, animal husbandry and handicrafts has promoted the development and prosperity of commerce. Dali's foreign trade is quite developed. Transportation is extensive, "from Rongzhou (today's Yibin, Sichuan) in the east, to Shendu (India) in the west, to Jiaozhi (today's northern Vietnam) in the southeast, to Chengdu in the northeast, to the Snowy Mountains in the north, and to the sea in the south." There were two trade routes with the Central Plains: Sichuan and Yongzhou (now Nanning, Guangxi). The trading market in Hengshanzhai in Yongzhou (now Tiandong, Guangxi) was the most prosperous. At that time, the commodities exported to the mainland by Dali merchants included horses, sheep, chickens and other livestock and poultry; knives, felts, armors, saddles and bridles, lacquerware and other handicrafts; and musk, bezoars and other medicines. Imported from the mainland include Chinese books, silk, porcelain, agarwood, licorice and other medicinal materials and handicrafts. The introduction of advanced science and culture from the mainland to Yunnan has had a stimulating effect on people of all ethnic groups. Dali has trade relations with Myanmar, Vietnam, Malaya, India, Persia and other countries. With the development of commerce, cities such as Dali, Shanchan, Weichu, and Yongchang appeared. Shanshan has become a hub for close connections with the motherland and beyond. After the Yuan Dynasty unified Yunnan and established it as a province, it became the provincial capital.
The Dali royal family considers themselves to be descendants of the Han people and vigorously promotes Han culture. Under the influence of Han culture, the Bo (Bai) language was produced. Baiwen uses Chinese characters to write Baiyu and pronounces Baiyin. It was already used in writing during the Nanzhao period, but it was widely used in the Dali period. At this time, historical works such as "White History" and "National History" written in white script were produced, as well as literary and artistic works such as poems, tunes, and legends. Baiwen poems in the rhyme style are more famous. Their structure is ten couplets per chapter, two paragraphs per couplet, four sentences per paragraph, the first three sentences have seven characters, the last sentence has five characters, and the last word of each paragraph rhymes.
The "Dali Painting Scroll" (also known as "Zhang Shengwen Painting") painted by Dali painter Zhang Shengwen in the 7th year of Chunxi reign of Emperor Xiaozong of the Song Dynasty (also known as "Zhang Shengwen Painting Scroll") has extremely high artistic value. "All the images in the scroll are very solemn in appearance, painted in gold, and extremely wonderful" (Postscript of Emperor Gaozong of the Qing Dynasty). "The writing is meticulous and vivid, resplendent and dazzling, and it is also a treasure in the south of the world." The stone buildings in the Ancient Building Park in Kunming today are the only remaining examples of stone sculptures from the Dali period. His Theory of Building Buildings is a valuable source of information for studying the history of Dali. There are more than 200 large and small deities and Buddhas in the stone sculptures. The largest statue of the King of Heaven is more than one meter high, and the smallest statue is only more than ten centimeters. The expressions and postures are different, the facial expression is serious but not dull, the clothes and clothes are detailed and lifelike, and the proportions are well-proportioned. , with beautiful shape, strong knife marks and extremely exquisite preparation, it is the best of Central Yunnan art. In addition, murals and woodcuts also have extremely high artistic value.
Buddhism was introduced to Yunnan in Nanzhao and became popular in Dali. The ruler of Dali loved Buddhism and had a profound impact on the spread of Buddhism in Yunnan. Duan Siping built temples year after year and cast tens of thousands of Buddhas. According to "Unofficial History of Nanzhao", among the twenty-two biographies of the Duan family in Dali, eight people evaded their positions and became monks, which is rare in Chinese history. Confucian dogma and Buddhist morality are almost integrated. All Confucian scholars believe in Buddhism, and Buddhist teachers and monks all recite Confucian books. There is the so-called "Buddhist Confucianism" (also known as "Confucianism and Buddhism"), and teachers and monks are appointed as officials. Master monks also achieved political status through imperial examinations. Although its political power and religion cannot be said to be completely integrated, the boundaries are almost eliminated.
During the more than three hundred years of Dali, the economic and cultural ties between the people of all ethnic groups in Yunnan and the mainland continued. In the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty, Wang Quanbin defeated Shu, and Dali presented an ultimatum to celebrate. During the reign of Zhao Hui, Emperor Taizong of the Song Dynasty, the leader of Dali, Wanwan (King), begged for help and was canonized as "King of the Eight Kingdoms of Yunnan". In the seventh year of the Taiping and Xingguo reign (982), Emperor Taizong of the Song Dynasty ordered Lizhou to "build large ships on the Dadu River to provide relief to those paying tribute from the southwest." In the seventh year of Zhenghe (1117), Zhao Ji, Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty, granted Duan He, King of Dali, the title of "Jiedu of Yunnan, King of Dali." In the second year of Shaoxing, Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty (1132), he built a racecourse in Yongzhou (now Nanning, Guangxi), and the business was booming. . In the ninth year of the reign of Emperor Xiaozong of the Song Dynasty (1173), Li Guanyin from Dali had to wait until Yongzhou to negotiate a horse trade in exchange for a large number of Chinese books. They attached a poem to the document to the local government and said: "The words and the words are not in harmony with each other, thousands of miles apart." This expresses the feeling that all ethnic groups in Dali and the people in the mainland are as close as one family.
Guo Songnian's "Journey to Dali" in the early Yuan Dynasty said: "When the Song Dynasty was booming, there was a big enemy in the north, so they had no time to travel far and communicate with each other to communicate with each other, leading to China. Therefore, its palaces, rooms, buildings, temples, Although the language, calligraphy, wedding and funeral rites, and the methods of fighting and fighting are not perfect, the scale, color of clothing, movements, and style are all based on the Han Dynasty. "This summary briefly and accurately explains the close relationship between Dali on the southwest frontier and the mainland of the motherland.
In the third year of Xianzong of Mongolia (1253), Kublai Khan conquered Yunnan and destroyed Dali. Duan, the leader of Dali, surrendered and was appointed hereditary general manager. Many former Dali officials were granted the title of chieftain from various places in Yunnan.
Dali Kingdom (937～1253)
In the Song Dynasty of China, the ethnic minority, mainly the Bai ethnic group, established a national political power in present-day Yunnan. In the second year of Tianfu in the Later Jin Dynasty (937), Duan Siping, the governor of Tonghai, proclaimed himself king, and his country was named Dali, which is Duan's Dali. When Duan Siping passed down his life to Duan Lianyi for the 12th generation, the powerful official Yang Yizhen killed Lianyi and established himself in the third year of Yuanfeng (1080), Emperor Shenzong of the Song Dynasty.
Four months later, Shanchan (Kunming) Hou Gao Zhilian ordered his son Gao Shengtai to raise an army to kill Yang Yizhen, and made Duan Lianyi's nephew Duan Shouhui king. Shouhui passed the throne to Zhengming. In the first year of Shaosheng's reign (1094), Emperor Zhezong of the Song Dynasty ascended to the throne and abolished the Zhengming Dynasty, proclaimed himself king, and changed the country's name to Great China. After Shengtai's death, his son returned the throne to Zhengming's younger brother Zhengchun in accordance with his will, and the Duan family was reestablished. Historians called it the Houli Kingdom. During the Houli Kingdom period, the Gao family was the prime minister of the country, called the Duke of China, and held real power.
The administrative area of ??Dali is equivalent to Nanzhao, extending to Hengshan on Pu'an Road in the east (today's Pu'an, Guizhou), to Jiangtoucheng in Myanmar (today's Jiesha, Myanmar) in the west, and to Lucang on Lin'an Road in the south. River (now the Heihe River in the north of Laizhou, Vietnam), north to the Dadu River in Roros. The political system is basically the same as that of Nanzhao. Dali's social economy has developed greatly compared with Nanzhao. Agricultural production is almost the same as that of Zizhong and Rongxian in Sichuan. The animal husbandry industry is quite developed, and thousands of horses are sold to Guangxi every year. The handicraft industry is very prosperous, the level of iron smelting industry is very high, foreign trade is developed, and transportation is accessible in all directions. The introduction of advanced science and culture from the mainland to Yunnan has had a stimulating effect on people of all ethnic groups. Dali has trade relations with Myanmar, Vietnam, Malaya, India, Persia and other countries. The Dali royal family vigorously promoted Han culture, and under the influence of Han culture, the Bo (Bai) script was produced. Baiwen uses Chinese characters to write Baiyu and pronounces Baiyin. The stone buildings in the Ancient Building Park in Kunming today are the only remaining examples of stone sculptures from the Dali period. In addition, murals and woodcuts also have extremely high artistic value. Buddhism was introduced to Yunnan in Nanzhao and became popular in Dali. Confucian dogma and Buddhist morality are almost integrated. All Confucian students believe in Buddhism, and Buddhist masters and monks all recite Confucian books, which are called "Shi Confucianism" (also known as "Confucian Buddhism"), and they appoint masters and monks as officials. Master monks also achieved political status through imperial examinations. For more than 300 years in Dali, the economic and cultural ties between the people of all ethnic groups in Yunnan and the mainland have continued. The Song regime conferred the title of king on many occasions to the ruler of Dali. In the third year of Xianzong of Mongolia (1253), Kublai Khan conquered Yunnan and destroyed Dali. Duan, the leader of Dali, surrendered and was appointed as the hereditary governor. Many former Dali officials were granted the title of chieftain from various places in Yunnan.
Dali State, a country in medieval China. In 937, Duan Siping of the Bai tribe destroyed Dayining and established the country, with its capital in Dali. Due to the lack of historical data, people know less about Dali Kingdom. Its political center is in the Erhai Lake area, and its territory is probably the current Yunnan Province, Guizhou Province, southwestern Sichuan Province, northern Myanmar, and a few areas in Laos and Vietnam. In 1253, Kublai Khan of the Yuan Dynasty led his troops to destroy Dali. The last emperor of Dali was Duan Xingzhi.