From "Jinxuejie" by Han Yu of the Tang Dynasty: "Block all the rivers and turn eastward, and turn back the tide when it has fallen." It is a metaphor for trying to save a dangerous situation, turn things around, and turn defeat into victory. Verb-object form; used as predicate, attributive, etc.
Editing the original text of the work
Explanation of the Study
Mr. Guozi entered Taixue in the morning, recruited students and set up a hall, and taught him (1): " The work is accomplished by hard work, and wasteful by play; success is achieved by thinking, and destruction is achieved by following. Now the sages and sages have met, and the tools have been restored (2). Recording, all those who are famous for their skills are mediocre (4). Climbing and picking, scraping and polishing (5). I am lucky enough to be selected. Is it because there are many karma and not good enough? "You can't succeed if you don't have troubles" (6). "
Before saying this, some people laughed and said, "Sir, you are bullying me! I have been here for a long time. The teacher keeps reciting articles about the six arts, and his hands are constantly covering the compilations of hundreds of schools of thought (7). Those who record things must mention their essentials, and those who compile them must mention their mysteries (8). . Burning anointing oil to continue the sundial (9). The husband's career can be said to be diligent. Youxian (11). Looking for the vastness of the falling thread (12), I searched far away from the river and headed east, returning to the wild waves. It is a great work for Confucianism.
Immersed in the richness, full of eloquence and beauty, as an article, the book is full of books (13). "Shi" is exaggerated; "Yi" is strange but methodical, "Shi" is upright but wonderful; "Zhuang" and "Sao" are recorded by Taishi; Ziyun is similar, with the same purpose and different tunes (14). , It can be said that he is good at what he learns, and he is brave enough to do things. He is good at being a person.
However, he did not trust others when he was public, and he did not help his friends when he was private (15). Postscript (16) He often got blamed and was temporarily appointed as the censor, so he went to Nanyi for three years and did not see the doctor (18). How long will fate and hatred be defeated? (19) When the winter is warm and the child is cold, the wife is crying and hungry, and the head child is dying. What is the use of others? "< /p>
The teacher said: "Oh, before you come (21)! The big wood is locust, the thin wood is 桷, 欂挌, dwarf, 椳, 鑑, 悂, wedge, each has its own suitability, and it is completed according to its suitability." The room is the work of a craftsman (22). If you collect and store jade, cinnabar, red arrows, green zhi, oxen, horsetail, and broken drum skins, and use them all, you are a good doctor (23). . The wise men are selected, mixed with cleverness, and the rest are good, and the outstanding ones are outstanding. Only those with good skills are the best. In the past, Meng Ke was good at arguing, and he was very knowledgeable. The rule is all over the world, and he is old and good at death (25). If you are separated from the relationship and enter the holy realm, what will happen to you in the world (27)? Although the teacher today is diligent in his studies, he does not follow his tradition. Although he talks a lot, he does not use it. Although his writing is wonderful, it is not useful. Although his actions are cultivated, it is not obvious. Among the people (28). They still have a monthly salary and only a few grains of grain every year. The son does not know how to plow, and the woman does not know how to weave. She rides on a horse and follows the disciples, sitting and eating (29). (30). However, the Holy Lord did not punish him, and the ministers did not criticize him. Isn't this a blessing? If you move, you will be slandered, and your name will follow. It is better to divide them if they are idle and scattered. If a husband is a businessman who bribes with money and bribes, he will take into account the admiration of his classmate (31), forget his own evaluation, and refer to the flaws of his predecessors (32). This is the so-called Jijiang family who does not use the 杙 as a couplet, but the Zi doctor uses it as a couplet. Changyang brings in the new year, and I want to enter the field of Xiling (33).
Annotation Translation Editor
Annotation
(1) Mr. Guozi: Han Yu called himself Dr. Guozi at that time. During the Tang Dynasty, the Imperial College was the highest academic institution located in Kyoto. There were seven schools under it, including Guozixue and Taixue. Each school appointed doctors as professors. Guozixue is for the children of high-ranking officials. Taixue: This refers to the Imperial College. The Imperial College of the Tang Dynasty was equivalent to the Taixue of the Han Dynasty. In ancient times, the names of official offices often followed the old names of previous generations.
(2) Xi: Have fun, have fun. Sui: follow the customs. Fixtures: Tools of governance, mainly referring to laws and regulations. "Historical Records·Biographies of Cruel Officials": "The law is the instrument of governance." Bi: All. Zhang: refers to establishment and establishment.
(3) Jùn: Tong "Jun", outstanding intelligence.
(4) Rate: both. Yong: means "to use", to adopt or to adopt.
(5) Climb and pick: It means carefully searching for talents. Climb Luo: Climb comb to search. Tick: Eliminate selection. Scraping away dirt and polishing: scraping away dirt and polishing it out; it means carefully cultivating talents.
(6) Yousi: Responsible departments and their officials.
(7) Six Arts: refers to the Six Classics of Confucianism, namely the six Confucian classics of "Poetry", "Book", "Li", "Music", "Yi" and "Spring and Autumn". Bai Jia Zhi Bian: refers to the works of various schools other than Confucian classics. "Hanshu Yiwenzhi" lists Confucian classics in the "Six Arts Briefs", and also records the works of various schools from the pre-Qin Dynasty to the early Han Dynasty in the "Zhuzi Lue": "There are one hundred and eighty-nine schools of thought, four thousand three hundred and two. Fourteen chapters. "During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, various schools of thought emerged and wrote books, so it was known as the "Contending of a Hundred Schools of Thought."
(8) Compilation: compilation. Compilers refer to collections of speeches and theoretical works.
(9) Anointing oil: grease, refers to lamps and candles. Sundial (guǐ): the shadow of the sun.
Heng: Often. Wu (wù) Wu: the appearance of working tirelessly. Poor: end, exhaustion.
(10) Heresy: Confucianism calls doctrines and schools other than Confucianism heresy. "The Analects of Confucius: For Politics": "If you attack heretics, you will do harm." Zhu Xi's annotation: "Heresies are not the way of saints, but are one end of the spectrum, such as Yang and Mo." Jiao Xun added: "Heretics are heretics. , each at one end, different from each other. "曰(rǎng): to exclude. Lao: Laozi, the founder of Taoism, here refers to Taoism.
(11)苴(jū): The grass in the sole of the shoe is used as a verb here, which means to fill. 玮 (xià): crack. Emperor: Big. You: deep. 片: tiny.
(12) Thread: The legacy left by our predecessors, here refers to the Confucian orthodoxy. Han Yu's "Yuan Dao" believes that Confucianism was passed from Yao and Shun to Confucius and Mencius, and then was lost, and he regarded himself as inheriting this tradition.
(13) Ying and Hua: both mean flowers, here they refer to the essence of the article.
(14) Yao Si (yáo sì): refers to Yu Shun and Xia Yu
(15) Jianxin, Jianzhu: to be trusted and helped. "See" before the verb means passive.
(16) Postscript (bá): step on. 謬(zhì): trip. The saying comes from "The Book of Songs·Binfeng·Langba": "The wolf stalks its beard and carries the tail." It means that when the wolf walks forward, it steps on the hanging flesh (hu) under the chin, and when it retreats, it stumbles on the tail. . It describes difficulty in both advance and retreat. Noh: often.
(17) Channeling: fleeing, relegated. Nanyi: Han Yu was awarded doctorates from four disciplines in the 19th year of Zhenyuan (803), and the following year he was transferred to supervise the censor. In winter, he wrote a letter discussing the shortcomings of the palace and city, which angered Dezong and was demoted to the order of Yangshan in Lianzhou. Yangshan is in today's Guangdong, so it is called Nanyi.
(18) Three-year doctorate: Han Yu served as doctor of Guozi from June to the fourth year of the first year of Xianzong Yuanhe (806). One says "three years" as "three actions". This article was written by Han Yu during his third doctorate period (from February 7 to March 8 of Yuanhe). redundant (rǒng): idle. See: through "present". Show, reveal.
(19) When: Not necessarily when, that is, at any time.
(20) is: auxiliary word, expressing questions and rhetorical questions.
(21) Xu (xū): interjection.
(22)杗(máng): roof beam. Jue (jué): roof rafters. 欂挌 (bó lú), dougong, the square wood on the top of the column that supports the beams. Dwarf (zhū): short pillar on the beam. 椳(wēi): door pivot. 鑑 (niè): The short wood erected in the center of the door, at the intersection of the two doors. 扂(diàn): door latch and the like. wedge (xiè): wooden pillars on both sides of the door.
(23) Yuzha: Diyu. Cinnabar: cinnabar. Red Arrow: Gastrodia elata. Qinglan: Longlan. The above four kinds are all valuable medicinal materials. Cow urine: cow urine, sometimes called plantain. Puffball: flattery fungus. The above two kinds and "Baiguzhipi" are cheap medicinal materials.
(24)纡(yū)禀: Euphemistic and calm. Yan: Beautiful. Zhuo Nao (luò): outstanding, outstanding. School (jiào): comparison.
(25) Meng Ke was good at arguing: "Mencius: Teng Wengong 2" records: Mencius has a reputation for being good at arguing. He said: How can I be good at arguing! I have no choice but to do so. "Meaning: I have to debate because I defend the holy way. Zhe (zhé): wheel mark.
(26) Xunqing: Xun Kuang, a Confucian master in the late Warring States period, who was respectfully called Qing. He once served as a sacrificial wine minister in the state of Qi, but was slandered and fled to the state of Chu. Lord Chunshen of the state of Chu appointed him as the magistrate of Lanling (now Lanling Town, Linyi). After the death of Lord Chunshen, he was also deposed. He died in Lanling and wrote "Xunzi" (27) Li and Jue: both mean transcendence. Lun and Lei: both mean "class" and refer to ordinary people.
(28)燇(yáo):
(29)婻(lǐn): Granary. 30) Heel (zhǒng), here it means to follow. Pushing: looking cramped. One word refers to working hard. Peeping: looking through a small hole, gap or hidden place. Ancient books.
(31) Financial bribes: property, here refers to salary. Death: Tong "no". Bo (bēi): Tong "low". People: Refers to people who are in the forefront of their position.
(32) Flaws (xiá): Spots on jade. Flaws, as mentioned above, are metaphors for people’s shortcomings. ", "Unknown".
(33) 杙 (yì): small wooden stake. 蹹 (yíng): pillar. Zi (zǐ): slander and criticism. Changyang: Changpu. The name of the medicinal material has been passed down for a long time. Taking it can help you live longer. 豨 (xī) Ling: also known as Zhu Ling, a diuretic. This sentence means: You should not care about the amount and level of your salary, and you should not complain about the appointment of the officials in charge. Question.
Translation
Mr. Guozi walked into Taixue in the morning, called the students to stand under the school building, and taught them: "Study is due to diligence, and is wasted due to play. ; Virtue is achieved by independent thinking and corrupted by following the custom. Today, the sage king and the virtuous ministers meet and unite, and all kinds of laws are implemented. Get rid of evil and evil people and promote outstanding talents. Everyone with some merit will be admitted, and everyone with a certain talent will be appointed.
Select outstanding talents and cultivate talents. Only those with low talents are lucky enough to be selected, and those without outstanding talents are not promoted. Students, you only need to worry about not being able to improve your studies, don't worry about the officials in charge not being wise enough; you only need to worry about not being able to achieve success in virtue, don't worry about the officials in charge being unfair. ”
Before he finished speaking, someone in the queue laughed and said, “Are you deceiving us, sir?” I have been serving Mr. for many years now. The gentleman kept reciting articles from the Six Classics, and flipped through the books of hundreds of schools of thought with both hands. For history books, one must summarize and grasp their outlines, and for treatise books, one must explore their profound and hidden meanings. Study extensively and strive to gain something, no matter it is insignificant or of great significance, do not give up; light up the candle and study day and night, always study hard and study year after year. It can be said that Mr. is diligent in his studies.
Resist and refute heresies, reject Buddhism and Taoism, make up for the shortcomings of Confucianism, and elucidate profound and subtle principles. Explore those long-lost ancient Confucian doctrines, study and inherit them extensively on your own. Guiding heretical doctrines is like blocking the rivers that flow vertically and horizontally, and guiding them to flow eastward into the sea; saving Confucianism is like reversing the great waves that have fallen. Sir, you can be said to have made a great contribution to Confucianism.
My mind was immersed in the fragrance of ancient classics, I carefully tasted and chewed the essence, and started writing articles. The house was filled with books. We should imitate the laws of the Yu and Xia dynasties upwards, which are so far-reaching and boundless; the imperial edicts of the Zhou Dynasty and the Pan Geng of the Yin Dynasty are so difficult to read; the language of "Spring and Autumn" is concise and accurate, and the diction of "Zuo Zhuan" is Exaggerated and exaggerated; the changes in the "Book of Changes" are wonderful and regular, and the "Book of Songs" has correct thoughts and gorgeous diction; going down to "Zhuangzi", "Li Sao", and "Historical Records"; the creations of Yang Xiong and Sima Xiangru are equally clever But the tunes vary. Mr.’s article can be said to be grand in content and bold and magnificent in appearance.
Mr. learned how to learn and dared to practice when he was a boy. When he grew up, he was proficient in etiquette and behaved appropriately. My husband's conduct as a person can be said to be perfect.
But he cannot be trusted by people in the court, and he cannot get help from his friends in private. Caught between a rock and a hard place, every move is criticized. As soon as he became the censor, he was demoted to a remote area in the south. I have been working as a doctor for three years, but my job is idle and I cannot show any achievements in management. Your destiny aligns with your enemies and you suffer defeat from time to time. In the days when the weather is still warm in winter, your children cry out about the cold; when the harvest is good, your wife still cries about hunger due to lack of food. What good will it do for you to have a bald head and missing teeth until you die? I don’t know if I think about this, why should I teach others? "
Mr. Guozi said: "Hey, come to the front! You must know that large timber is used for roof beams, small timber is used for corrugated rafters, brackets, short rafters, door mortars, door lugs, door latches, and door posts. They are all used according to the material, and each is suitable for building a house. , this is the skill of the craftsman. The valuable burnet burnet, cinnabar, gastrodia elata, longzhi, plantain, sycamore, and the skin of bad drums are all collected and kept in stock so that nothing is missing when needed. This is the skill of a doctor. Promote talents, be fair and wise, select talents with a fair attitude. Both clever people and stupid people have to be introduced. Some people become good with humility, and some people become bold and outstanding. Compare everyone's shortcomings, weigh everyone's strengths, and allocate appropriate duties according to their talents and characters. This is The prime minister’s method! In the past, Meng Ke was fond of debating, and the way of Confucius was explained. He traveled all over the world, and finally grew old while running around. Xun Kuang adhered to the right path and carried forward the magnificent theory. Because he escaped from slander and went to Chu State, he was deposed and died in Lanling. The words of these two great Confucians have become classics, and their actions have become laws. They are outstanding, and their virtues and achievements are enough to be included in the ranks of saints. But what is their experience in the world? Now, although your husband studies diligently, he cannot follow the orthodoxy. Although he has many remarks, he does not meet the purpose. Although his articles are amazing, they are useless for practical purposes. Although his behavior is cultivated, he does not stand out from the performance of ordinary people. He is wasting the country's money every month. Salary money consumes the grain in the warehouse every year; the son does not know how to cultivate the land, and the wife does not know how to weave; when going out, riding a carriage and horse, followed by a servant, sitting and eating peacefully. He behaves awkwardly and according to routine, steals statements from old books with narrow vision, and plagiarizes here and there. However, the sage monarch is not punished and is not ostracized by the prime ministers. Isn't it lucky? If you do something, you will be slandered, and your reputation will grow accordingly. It is just right to be placed in an idle position.
As for measuring the possessions of property, caring about the level of grades, forgetting the proportion of one's talents and weight, and criticizing the shortcomings of officials and superiors, this is the same as asking the craftsmen why they don't use small wooden stakes to make pillars, and criticizing the doctors. He uses calamus to prolong life, but he wants to introduce his polyporus!