Appreciation of Qin Guan's Treading on the Sand
Qin Guan, also known as Huaihai Jushi, was born in Gaoyou (now Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province) and one of the four bachelor's degrees in Sumen. He once compared him to his teacher Su Shi and said, "Zi Zhan takes poetry as his word, just like Ambassador Lei teaches dance in the workshop. Although extremely world-famous, it should not be true. Today's pronoun hand, only, Huang Jiu-Er, Tang people are not arrogant. " As far as Ci is concerned, "In fact, Huang is not as good as Qin Gui" (Jin Su by Peng Sun-dao), which has long been a conclusion in the history of Ci. Huang (Tingjian) is full of slang, while Qin graceful and restrained is fresh, sad and indignant, and his words are simple and profound. Qin Guan also has works that directly express his feelings of relegation, such as Walking on the Sand:
"Mist lost the tower, the moon was in a maze, and Taoyuan was nowhere to be found. The lonely pavilion closes the moon in Joan Hinton, and the cuckoo sounds in the setting sun. Plum blossoms are sent by mail, and fish live long. This hatred has no weight. Chen Qiang was lucky enough to go to Chen Shan. Who did he go to Xiaoxiang for? "
He wrote this word when he was in Chenzhou. Chenzhou is today's Chenxian County in Hunan Province. In the first year of Song Zhezong Shaosheng (1094), the new party came to power, and Qin Guan was demoted to Bianjing because he was party member, Yuan You. He changed from the editor of the National History Institute to the collator of the pavilion and became the judge of Hangzhou. On the way, he was demoted to the state wine supervision tax. In the third year (1096), Shao Sheng was removed from his official position and moved to Chenzhou, and he was placed in Hengzhou in February of the following year. The so-called "staffing management" is the responsibility of local officials. Before going to Hengzhou, he wrote down the word "stepping on the sand". The title of the word is "Chenzhou Hotel", which means that you can't go home if you live in exile. The words express the hatred of exile in a euphemistic and tortuous way. Wang Guowei commented: "Less travel is the saddest situation. When it comes to' Lonely Pavilion and Spring Pass, the cuckoo is in the sunset', it becomes sad." So it can be said that squeal is the artistic feature of this word.
As soon as this word came out, it laid a tragic tone for the whole article. Of course, this kind of screaming is not screaming, but a radical emotion in Yu Congrong's training. When you speak in a single tone, you are suddenly shrouded; If the tone is right, you can exercise calmly. The first two sentences of this word, "Fog loses its tower, the moon passes through a maze", are reversed, with a calm tone and neat antithesis, and deep resentment has been conveyed between the lines. This is probably where he looked around in the hazy fog and moonlight. The balcony disappeared under the cover of fog. Due to the dim moonlight, the ferry can't be seen clearly. The balcony disappeared in the vast fog, the ferry disappeared in the hazy moonlight, and the whole world was so sad and lost. Naturally, this is a gloomy mood written through fog and moonlight, but it is also expressed by looking around in an attempt to get rid of this sad predicament. How come the poet's heart has no shadow! Huang Huangweng, a A Qing emperor, said, "Lost in the fog, the moon is always depicted." The poet lives in Chenzhou, and his mood is bleak, starting from a political point of view.
The third sentence "Taoyuan is nowhere to be found" is a supplement to the first two sentences. At this time, to travel less is to look to Taoyuan in the north and seek spiritual liberation. Taoyuan county is located in the north of Chenzhou, and later generations often regard it as a secluded fairyland. He wanted to go to a fairyland far away from the world, but he couldn't get it. Tao Yuanming's Peach Blossom Garden records that the source of exotic flowers and herbs is in Wuling, not far from Chenzhou. Tao Yuanming once said that since the fisherman had been there, he could never find it again. "After that, no one was interested in it." Here, Qin Guan is connected from the "crossing the maze of the moon" in the previous sentence, which naturally brings out the sentence "Taoyuan is nowhere to be found". However, Wang Mi is confused, suffering is inevitable, fairyland is unpredictable, and real troubles are inevitable. The poet was really disappointed and too sad, but he stayed in the guest house in Chenzhou, feeling particularly cold and cheerless, so generate made two epigrams:
"It's like a cold spring closing a lonely pavilion, and the sunset setting cuckoo." The combination of voice and emotion is touching. Being in a "lonely pavilion", coupled with the chilly spring, will change from desolation to desolation. "The solitary pavilion is closed in the cold of spring", which means how to endure the solitary pavilion still shrouded in the cold of spring? "The lonely pavilion closes the moon in Joan Hinton" does not mean that the lonely atmosphere condenses in the lonely pavilion. "Lonely pavilion closes spring cold" means "lonely pavilion closes spring cold", which is in line with the first two sentences "fog is lost, moon is lost". Lonely Pavilion is unbearable, so it is necessary to add Cold Spring. The "cold spring" is unbearable, and it is even more unbearable with the cuckoo's cry and the afterglow of the sunset. "Cold in spring" is the feeling of the body, "cuckoo" is heard by the ears, and "sunset" is seen by the eyes. Then the word "dusk" is used to point out the dusk and sunset in spring. When the cuckoo calls, this spring is over. As soon as the sun goes down, today is over, and there is endless pain of going home, reaching a deeper level. When evaluating these two sentences, Wang Guowei said that this is a kind of "realm with me". For example, he said: "The storm is coming, and the chickens will crow endlessly"; The mountain slopes are steep and avoid the sun, and it is rainy and rainy, with endless snow and clouds and rain. Trees and trees are all autumn colors, and mountains and mountains are all bright'; The lonely pavilion is closed in spring, and the cuckoo is singing at dusk': The weather is almost the same. "Wang affirmed these two sentences from the aesthetic point of view, which is really insightful. The so-called "realm with me" means that words express the author's subjective feelings, portray the poet's self-image, and make people feel that there is an "I" in them after reading. Spring is chilly, and poets are lonely. It is conceivable that the situation is bleak. The word "closed" makes people feel that the cold air in the lonely museum seems to be closed and cohesive. Don't talk about the people who are locked up, but the people who are locked up are chilly, replacing reality with emptiness and imagining a strange policeman. The word "Kekan" (that is, Nakan) in front describes the poet's unbearable mood, which is subjective feeling, that is, "I am in the realm". The poet is enclosed by a lonely pavilion, and his vision is of course narrow. You can't see the balcony in the fog or the ferry in the moonlight. Only by hearing can he feel some news of his return in spring. This sentence "Du Fu" was written for this purpose. According to legend, cuckoo's harsh voice seems to be "not as good as going home", which easily affects tourists' homesickness. Therefore, Li Bai said that "one call and one heartbroken, the bus was recalled on March 3. "Another poet in the Tang Dynasty also said," Wan Li had a butterfly dream, and the azaleas were on the third night of last month. "At this time, I travel less and listen to the shrill cries of the cuckoo. The sound "Why don't you go home" seemed to him to be both sympathetic and ironic. The sound was so monotonous and endless that it was called "sunset" from evening to evening. This is similar to the weather of "the wind and rain are like dust and the chickens are like crowing"! The bitterness of the poet's mood is set off in this sad atmosphere. The word "sunset" has been criticized by many predecessors. From Huang Tingjian, I thought that the words were nearly overlapping. Some people think that the word "dusk" was originally the word "Shu", which was changed to avoid the taboo of Zhezong Temple. Others think that Zhu Yuanzhang used the word "tree" when he wrote this word. Of course, "tree" and "tree" are harmonious, but such changes will be dull, and the meteorology and realm mentioned by Wang still exist! A Qing Song Xiangfeng put it better: "The sunset is when the sun sets, and the sunset is when the sun enters. From the beginning to the end of the day, the cuckoo's voice is also bitter. Gu did not solve the word, so he was born. "(Yue Fu Yu Lun) has a thorough analysis. In fact, I really appreciate these three words when I travel less. He once again wrote in "Pink Lip Peach Garden" that "smoke and water are boundless, and the setting sun is thousands of miles away", which shows how much he loves it!
In the next film, the poet further wrote. "Plum blossoms are sent with the mail, and the fish are scattered" means constantly receiving letters from distant relatives and friends. The meaning is simple, but it is just a correspondence. But once the allusions are used, they are literally elegant and emotionally dignified. According to the Records of Jingzhou, Liu Kai in the Southern Dynasties had a deep friendship with Ye Fan. Lu Kai entrusted a courier from Jiangnan to send a newly folded plum blossom to Ye Fan with a poem: "The folded plum blossom will be sent to Gansu people. Jiangnan has nothing, talk about a spring. " Here, "sending plum blossoms" is an allusion to Lu Kai's sending plum blossoms to express his condolences. "Fish Pass Foot Pass" is a poem in Gulefu's Drinking Horses in the Great Wall Cave. "Guests from afar left me a pair of carp. Hu Er cooks carp with books in it. " Sue is a white silk, which the ancients used to write. The ruler stands for letters. Since letters from distant relatives and friends always express their thoughts, they should feel great relief in their hearts. However, the poet thinks that this has increased the infinite resentment and sorrow in his heart. In Ruan Langgui, the poet also said that "there are still geese in Hengyang, but there are no geese in the morning sun". Why do letters become frequent in the same place and the time is almost the same? Ancient poetry, originally don't have to point to reality, the focus here is to pave the way for the next word "hate". There are many metaphors describing the word "hate" in the poem, some are the mountains of the hater and some are the water of the sorrowful, but it is extremely rare to pile up sorrow and hate with overlapping letters. Therefore, it is very innovative and very suitable for the poet's mood at that time. As mentioned above, the last film "Sunset in Du Fu's Sound" contains homesickness, and the film has further deepened this feeling. The poet is in Chenzhou, and there is no hope of returning home. Although fish and geese are frequent, he hates himself only by expressing his sadness. So, the more letters, the more hatred. Hatred piled up with countless "clubs" and "ruler elements" has turned abstract feelings into concrete images, which can be seen, seen and even touched. People will not feel "separated" because of the use of allusions. Suppose that if the letters are replaced by countless heavy sorrows, what poetic imagination is there? This hatred has no weight. Architecture is piling up. A word "build by laying bricks or stones" embodies such abstract feelings as sadness and hate. As an entity with a certain volume, it is very weighty.
Finally, returning to the hotel environment, the poet asked Chen Jiang: "Chen Jiang was lucky enough to bypass Chen Shan, but who did he go to Xiaoxiang for?" This means that Chenshan Mountain surrounds Chen Jiang. Fortunately, Chen Jianghe is closely related to each other. But why did Chen Jiang leave Chen Shan for Hunan? There are three meanings here: First, Chen Jiang is lucky enough to surround Chenshan Mountain, and it is also closely related to his staying in Chenzhou. Why do you want to leave yourself and go far away? Dai Shulun's poem "Southern Hunan is Things" in the Tang Dynasty said: "Xiangyuan flows eastward day and night, not for pedestrians to live when they are young." That's what it means. Second, Chen He is surrounded by Chen Shan. Originally, I was reluctant to go, but I had to "go to Xiangxiao", just like my relegation and migration again and again, which made me unable to stay long. Third, Chen Jiang can still "give up Xiang Xiao", but he "lives alone" in Chenzhou, but "Taoyuan is nowhere to be found" and there is nowhere to go. Just two words, only at the scene, casually, lightly written, but meaningful. In Flower Picking, Tu Youyou, the king of Qing Dynasty, said, "Who is Chen Jiang lucky enough to go to Xiaoxiang around Chen Shan?" It was a swan song of the ages, and Po Gong often wrote this sentence on the fan, saying, "It's enough to swim less, although ten thousand people can't redeem it!" The sadness of high mountains and flowing water has made people feel abdominal pain for thousands of years. "Dongpo is a leader in the four schools of Su Men. They are' co-rising', and their fate and * * * are self-evident. So these two sentences can't but express the hatred of banishment, otherwise Dongpo can't have thoughts. Su Shi was very sorry for Qin Guan's death. Huang Youweng of A Qing Dynasty said, "It's hard to express your meaning in words. You can't take Chen Shui around Chen Shan, and you can't go north to Xiaoxiang. Sadness, self-contained, and endless fun. "To be clear, the poet left his hometown and moved south, which was against his original intention. Qin Guan couldn't stand the political blow, and his words showed strong sentimental feelings. Between the lines, except for the negative fantasy of avoiding the world in order to get rid of it, the rest are helpless laments.
Here, it is difficult to understand the poet's life experience and his specific state of mind when writing words by means of Bi Xing. Mencius said that "knowing people and discussing the world" is particularly useful for the study of this word. The poet's heart is really good!
The style of this word is deep and sad, and its style is similar to that of Li Yu. The language is natural and fresh, and it is good at capturing and creating images in front of you to express your inner feelings. The so-called "drinking flowers and being affectionate" shows that Qin Guan has made great artistic achievements among graceful poets.