Du Fu
In August and autumn, the wind roared and rolled up my three hairs. Hair flew over the river and sprinkled on the periphery of the river. The highest one hangs a long forest tip, and the lower one floats to Shentang 'ao. The children in Nancun bully me, but they can submit to humiliation and be thieves in the opposite direction. They openly carried the hair into the bamboo forest, and their lips were suffocating. When they came back, they sighed with sticks. In an instant, the wind will set the color of the clouds and ink, and the autumn will be bleak and dark. This cloth has been as cold as iron for many years, and Joule has been lying down and cracking. There is no dry place in the bedside table, and the feet are numb with rain. How can you get wet all night since you are in a mess and don't get enough sleep! There are tens of millions of buildings in Ande, which greatly protect all the smiles of the poor in the world, and the wind and rain are as quiet as mountains. Oh! When I suddenly see this house in front of me, I will freeze to death alone!
Notes on the title or background of a book.
Selected from Detailed Explanation of Du Shaoling Collection. The author Du Fu (7 12-770) is called Du Shaoling. My ancestral home is Xiangyang (now Hubei Province) and Gongxian (now Henan Province). Great poet of Tang Dynasty. Du Yes's grandson. I can write poetry at the age of seven. After I was twenty years old, I traveled to wuyue in the south, Qi and Zhao in the north. Tianbao three years, met Li Bai in Luoyang. Poems written here, such as Wang Yue, Cao Huma and painting eagle, show the spirit and ambition of young people. Tianbao went to Chang 'an for five years, and was not the first to rape Li Duoquan. After living in Chang 'an for nearly ten years, I can't display my talents. Seeing the defeat of North Korea and the sufferings of the people, he wrote such famous sentences as "Military Vehicle Shop" and "Chanting 500 words from Beijing to Fengxian" with indignation. After being trapped in Chang 'an, An Lushan was displaced, captured by the rebel army, and then fled to Fengxiang, where Su Zong was the left gleaner. During this period, he wrote immortal poems such as "Spring Hope", "Qiang Village" and "Northern Expedition". At this point, the thief chaos is not flat, the court in order to expand the army, indiscriminate collection of people's cream. On his way to work in Huazhou, he witnessed such a tragic scene and wrote three outstanding poems, New Yuefu (Li Xinan, Tong Guan Li) and Three Farewells (Newly Married, Resigned, Homeless), which marked the peak of his realistic poetry creation. Soon, he gave up his official position and went to Qin Zhou to live in the same valley. Later, he settled in Chengdu and built a thatched cottage next to Huanhuaxi. Later, he worked as a shogunate, an official to the staff, and was also the minister of the Ministry of Industry, so he was called "Du Gongbu". Qinzhou Miscellaneous Poems, Imperial Army Recovering the Banks of the Yellow River and Autumn Wind Breaking the Cottage are the representative works of this period. After Yanwu's death, he took his family out of Shu, roamed the two lakes, and wrote poems such as Eight Poems in Autumn. Later he died on the way to Chenzhou (Leiyang, Hunan). Du Fu's poems express personal feelings, often closely combine with current events, sympathize with people's sufferings, have profound thoughts and a broad realm, profoundly reflect the social life before and after the An Shi Rebellion, show the historical process of the Tang Dynasty from prosperity to decline, and are praised as "the history of poetry" by later generations. Also known as "poet sage". In art, the achievement is extremely high. His poems have various styles, especially classical poems and metrical poems. Five ancient, seven ancient, elaborate, express their views, magnificent momentum; The five laws and seven laws, with rigorous rhythm, neat antithesis and vivid image, became a model of the Tang Dynasty's rhythmic poetry. His poetry styles are diverse, mainly depressed and frustrated. In the history of literature, he pushed the tradition of realism to a higher and more mature stage, which had a far-reaching impact on later literary creation. As famous as Li Bai, he is called "Du Li" in the world. This is Du Gongbu.
In the third year of Gan Yuan (760), Du Fu drifted from Shaanxi to Chengdu before the Anshi Rebellion. At this time, Du Fu had no official position and lived in poverty. With the support of his friends, he built a thatched cottage by the Huanhua River in the western suburbs. After years of construction, he finally has a place to live. The following autumn and August, unexpectedly, a gust of wind swept away the thatch on the house, and the heavy rain soaked the clothes and quilts in the house overnight. During the long night, the poet couldn't sleep and had mixed feelings. The poet thought of the sufferings of the broad masses of people from his own sufferings, and could not help but have the great wish of "settling down in a huge building …", and wrote a well-known and far-reaching poem "Autumn wind breaks the thatched cottage". "Hut", that is, Chengdu Caotang. "Song", poetic style.
interpret
The whole poem is divided into four paragraphs. In the first stage (until "the next person drifts to Shentang depression"), the wind breaks the hut and the grass scatters in the suburbs of the river.
"Autumn in August, the wind roared, and my hair was three hairs." Autumn in August was crisp, and suddenly the wind roared and swept away the layers of thatch in my house. 〕
The momentum is rapid. The last sentence said "wind". The wind is "autumn" wind, and August and autumn are crisp autumn seasons, which are strong winds blowing from high places and far away. Howl personifies the autumn wind, as if roaring angrily, vividly writing the squeal of the wind and the fierceness of the gale. The word "wind whistling" is sonorous, which reads like the roar of autumn wind. The next sentence is about thatch on a windy house. With the support of his friends, the poet finally built the hut and stayed for the time being. As soon as he settled down, the autumn wind roared, as if it were deliberately aimed at him. The thatch is light, and the whistling wind "rolls" to "triple". The word "roll" accurately describes the fury of autumn wind. "Triple" emphasizes the power of autumn wind, which sweeps away thatch layer by layer, vividly showing the momentum of strong wind breaking houses and serious disasters. At this time, the poet experienced his own situation. Isn't it extremely anxious?
"Mao flew over the river and sprinkled on the periphery of the river. The highest one hangs a long forest tip, and the lower one floats into the pond. " Thatched grass floats across the river and floats on the river. Some hung on high treetops, others spun with the wind and sank into the pond. 〕
The word "fly" in this sentence is closely related to the word "roll" in the previous sentence. The thatch that was "rolled up" did not fall down next to the house, but "flew away" with the wind. This poem uses three verbs, namely "fly", "horizontal" and "sprinkle". The thatched grass swept away by the strong wind flew all over the sky, "crossing" the Huanhuaxi near the thatched cottage and "sprinkling" it on the riverside, vividly depicting this scene. The poet looked up at the heights, and some thatch hung on the high treetops. If you want enough, you can't reach it. The poet looked down, and some thatch fluttered and spun in the wind and sank into the pond. If he wants to catch it, he can't. This paper describes the chaotic state of thatch after it was swept away, aiming at highlighting the misfortune of natural disasters. The movements of "rolling", "flying", "crossing", "sprinkling", "hanging" and "drifting" draw vivid pictures, and every movement touches the poet's sight and touches his heartstrings. Faced with this situation, the poet's mood is really like "the wind sweeps the grass." How can this not arouse our readers' emotional singing?
In the second paragraph (to "come back and kill with a stick", a group of children hold Mao and shout anxiously.
"Nancun's children bullied me, and I couldn't bear to be a thief across the street, openly carrying Mao into the bamboo forest, and my lips were smothered. When I returned, I sighed with my staff. " A group of urchins in Nancun bullied me for being old and weak, so they had the heart to rob me in front of me and openly ran into the bamboo forest with thatch. I called my mouth thirsty, but they all ignored me. When I got home, I sighed and felt unhappy with my cane. 〕
This is a supplement to the previous section. The thatch "sprinkled on the periphery of the river" written in the last section cannot be recovered. Is there anything that can be taken back when it falls to the ground? Yes Here, the interludes of "Nancun Children" and "Embracing Mao into Bamboo" make the plot of the poem tortuous, the picture vivid, the atmosphere lively and the life breath strong, and it is also convenient to describe the psychology and image of the characters in the poem. "Nancun" means that they are very close. A group of naughty children in the nearby village, seeing "I am old and weak", not only did not sympathize, but "bullied me". The word "bullied" reveals the poet's extreme dissatisfaction. If the poet is not "old and weak" but young and strong, he will naturally not be bullied like this. This group of urchins had the heart to rob like this "opposite" and ran into the bamboo forest with thatch. This is a "thief" casually mentioned in daily verbal banter, rather than the author's painful scolding of children. The word "openly" in the latter sentence is associated with the word "contrary" in the previous sentence. The sentence "forbearance" describes the degree of bullying in detail. The poet wants to get these thatches back so that he can repair the hut and shelter from the wind and rain for the time being. The author shouted at the top of his lungs, "dry mouth and dry lips", which was also in vain. "Tuaner" completely ignored it and had no effect. If the poet is not very poor, he will not be so distressed that the wind blows away the thatch; If "Tuaner" was not very poor, he would not have braved the wind to hold those worthless thatches. This laid the groundwork for the ending. The author has no choice but to go home, lean on crutches and sigh his unhappiness. What does the poet "sigh"? The poet's hut was destroyed by a storm. Why not sigh? The thatch of the hut was blown away by the wind, taken away by urchins and lost. Fix it with what? There are many difficulties. Why not sigh? When the author lamented, he obviously thought of countless poor people in similar situations. "Go home on crutches", of course, going out is also "on crutches". The detail of "leaning on the staff" highlights the image of the poet as "old and weak", which has aroused the deep sympathy of readers.
The third paragraph (to "How can I get wet in the long night") I got wet in the long night and looked forward to dawn.
"In a moment, the wind is calm, the clouds are dark, the autumn is dark." After a while, the wind stopped, the dark clouds were as thick as ink, and the autumn sky became darker in the evening. 〕
These two sentences, with a pen full of thick ink, render a gloomy and sad atmosphere, thus setting off the poet's gloomy and sad mood. The last article focused on "wind", and the storm was blowing all over the sky, and the wind was blowing hard and the dark clouds were rolling. This sentence focuses on "clouds", which are "black" and dark clouds. "After a while", after a while, "the wind will settle down" and the wind will stop. The last sentence is "the sky", "autumn is a desert", and the autumn sky is a desert with dark clouds. "Dark", near dusk, the sky is gloomy and gloomy, covering the earth. With the coming of rainstorm, rain clouds fell heavily on the poet's head and heart, which made the author face a serious threat again.
It depicts a scene where a storm is coming, setting off the poet's increasingly heavy mood.
"This cloth has been as cold as iron for many years, and Joule is almost cracked when lying down." The quilt has been covered for many years, without a trace of heating, as cold as iron. Joule was too cold to sleep and the quilt was torn. 〕
These two poems were not written by an author with poor life experience. The poet's "cloth quilt", that is, the cloth quilt, has hardened and worn out both outside and inside because of years of use. Cover up without soft and warm feeling, cold as iron, extremely uncomfortable. "Cloth" has lost its function of keeping warm, making it difficult for Joule to fall asleep. "I can't sleep well." I can't sleep well. The quilt has already cracked, and there are big holes and small holes, which are all destroyed. A metaphor and a detailed description reflect the poverty, poverty, unhappiness and poverty of the poet's family.
"There is no dry place in the bedside house, and the rain feet are not broken." The head of the bed is wet, and the rain leaks everywhere. There is no dry place in the room, and the feet of the rain are dense and keep all night. 〕
At this point, the night has come, from day to night, people have gone to bed; At this time, there was a strong wind and the rain was already blowing hard. From the outside to the inside, the house leaks rain, making it difficult for people to sleep. "Even the night rain leaks at the head of the bed, which is the easiest to find and the most disturbing. How can you sleep? The poet wanted to find out everything in the house, but the wind swept away all the "three hairs on the house" and the consequences appeared. The whole house is "dry", where to hide? "Rain feet", like rows of rain, hang down from the roof, like hemp poles, endless. It' s really "big outside and small inside; There is no room outside, and the room is still ticking. " It's really hard to stay up all night! This is a portrayal of the poet's bitter life.
In August in Chengdu, the weather is not "cold". Why do you say that "cloth is as cold as iron for many years"? Because "there is no dry place in the bedside table", I feel "cold" A word "cold" connects the contexts.
"Since there is chaos and lack of sleep, how can I get wet overnight!" Since the Anshi Rebellion, I have been worried about my country and people, and I haven't slept much. Now the night is long, and I am suffering. When can we get it till dawn? 〕
The poet couldn't sleep because he was hiding from the rain everywhere. At this time, he thought, "I haven't slept much since the rebellion." He recalled his wandering experience since the Anshi Rebellion because he was worried about the country and the people. What's more, in the face of this scene at this time, the "long night" is long, and the house leaks in the rain, wet and cold, and the clothes are like iron. "What's the point?" When will it dawn? "clear", dawn. This is in line with the aforementioned "unbroken", which shows the poet's urgent mood of looking forward to both rain and dawn. "How to get wet in the long night" is a semantic pun and meaningful. The poet recalls the past from the present and looks forward to the future; I think of myself, the people and the country. Aren't they all in the storm? When will such a deep disaster end? The poet suffers from "wind and rain", so he hates "wind and rain" and "long night" and longs for "dawn" to come early. This is the poet's lofty thoughts and good wishes.
The poet connects personal difficulties with the similar situation of the broad masses of the people, and naturally transitions to the end of the poem.
The fourth paragraph (to the end of the poem), self-sacrifice, lofty realm.
"There are thousands of spacious buildings in Qian Qian, and the poor in the world are happy, and the storm is like a calm mountain?" How can we have a spacious and tall house to shelter all the poor people in the world, so that they can all have a place to live and a smiling face, even if the wind is crazy and the rain is sudden, they can be as stable as Mount Tai? 〕
What is the poet thinking at this time when he is suffering from the rain at night? I don't think about personal pain and happiness, and I don't think about how a small family can build several new houses and live comfortably. The poet pays attention to "the poor in the world", and the poor in the world are trapped in the hardships of wind and rain day and night. Ideals and wishes are born in pain and enter fantasy from reality. The poet urgently hopes: "There are thousands of spacious buildings in Qian Qian" and "Ande", how can we get a spacious and tall house (sunny, bright and clean windows; Rainy days, shelter from the wind and rain; Summer, cool; In winter, it's warm) "thousand rooms" and "big shelters", which provide shelter for the "poor people in the world". "Wind and rain don't move", even in stormy weather, "Guangsha" stands still, as steady as Mount Tai. At that time, "The Poor in the World" and "All smiles" were all happy smiles. Of course, the poet also laughed among millions of people in Rylie Zhang.
Here, seven words are used before and after, and nine words are used in the middle. The sentences are repeated, which constitutes a strong rhythm, and fully shows the poet's * * * and hope gained from the painful life experience of "the bedside table leaks rain everywhere" and "getting wet all night".
"alas! Suddenly I saw this house in front of me, and I froze to death alone! " [Ah, when will there be a "thousand buildings" high in front of me, that is, only my straw house was destroyed by the wind and rain, which made me willing to freeze to death! 〕
A "alas" shows the poet's emotional excitement. Suffering from the "rainy night", the author exhaled eagerly: when will the ideal "thousands of rooms" and "buildings" appear high in front of him? If the ideal can be realized, "my hut will be broken alone", I would rather my hut be broken alone by wind and rain and freeze to death, and I am satisfied! A poet thinks of the sufferings of the "poor people in the world" from his own sufferings, and now he has risen from "pushing himself and others" to the ideological peak of "sacrificing himself for others", which is very valuable. The poet's great personality, broad mind, noble sentiment and beautiful soul have been strongly and vividly expressed in this shining poem.
At the end of the sentence, the poet's thoughts and feelings of worrying about the country and the people and sacrificing himself for others are expressed. It is a deepening of the theme of the poem, and it is indeed a "finishing touch". In the stormy autumn night, the poet's heart is not just "my family is broken", but "the hut on earth is broken". Du Fu's feelings of worrying about the country and the people and his lofty ideal of urgently demanding a change in reality have been inspiring readers for thousands of years.
summary
This poem describes that the poet's hut was destroyed by autumn wind, attacked by autumn rain, and his family suffered from rain. It shows that the author links personal suffering with the suffering of the broad masses of people, and hopes that all the "poor" in the world can live in a "mansion", expressing the poet's thoughts and feelings of worrying about the country and the people.
Poetry revolves around the center, selects materials, expresses feelings on the basis of realism, and highlights the main idea. Based on the autumn wind and autumn rain, the poem describes the story of the wind breaking the hut, the fur spreading in the suburbs of the river, the urchin holding the fur, the charming child lying down, the rain leaking from the bedside table, the rainy night and so on, and describes the poet's predicament layer by layer and the author's ideological and emotional course in this predicament. In the last paragraph, put yourself in the shoes, express your feelings directly and reveal the theme. The whole poem moves from the difficult reality to the ideal realm, which completely conforms to the law of the poet's emotional development. Poetry has distinct levels and distinct themes.
The language is simple, popular, vivid and expressive. Write dynamic uses: rolling, flying, crossing, sprinkling, hanging, floating, sinking, bullying, hugging, entering, calling, leaning, lying, stepping, cracking, gaining, seeing and breaking; Write landscape: high, dark, desert, dark; Write voices: howl and sigh; Metaphor: cold as iron, wet as hemp and peaceful as a mountain. Poetry uses simple and popular language to better express the poet's true feelings.
The combination of singing and long and short sentences breaks the shackles of seven words, and is free and lively, which enhances the expressive force and appeal of poetry.