Don du fu
Two orioles sing green willows.
Egrets strolling in the sky
My window framed the snow-covered western hills.
The Wan Li boat of Menbo wrote the first six scenes in Tang poetry: oriole, emerald willow, egret, sky, snow and boat. Since its birth, it has been highly praised by scholars in past dynasties, and has gradually become a teaching material for educating children to learn Tang poetry in past dynasties, and it is still in primary school textbooks in China.
Many scholars, poets, sociologists and historians have analyzed Du Fu's simple and understandable quatrains and made incisive comments. I was attracted by its exquisite description when I recited them for the first time since I was a child, so I want to fully appreciate this Tang poem.
On the whole, we look at the whole poem, which consists of two broad pairs (couplets) that set each other off and become interesting. The content of the whole poem goes far beyond the meaning of twenty-eight. Let's enjoy a famous quatrain.
The first sentence of this poem is very simple and clear. The poet described a beautiful picture standing at the window watching close-ups:
In the early spring, just in front of the window, two orioles sang the first sentence of the poem happily and correspondingly. The poet used two numbers and two words to express the slight movement of the head and neck.
In poetry, the poet uses words instead of words to describe the status of orioles, and uses a sense of language to express the key words when the poet looks at the dynamics of orioles. Tone is expressed by falling tone, which poets use to tell readers that oriole's singing attracts readers' attention. Originally, there was a bird in the poem, but if it was only used to express the status of the bird, the two orioles stood side by side on a branch, and they sang songs because of their face.
Say that the bird is leaning on the wicker, and the sixth word of the first sentence will know.
Willow germinates first in spring, and northern tree species germinate first. When it germinates, it will turn green on the branches. When it turns green, it is called spinning, and the young leaves spit out sharp and tender green. At this time, the willow is in its beautiful state. Scholars and painters often regard the willow at this time as a symbol of the seeds of love girls. Even though the willows have passed, they are still shrouded in green fog. The crown of the tree is covered with green. Willow trees begin to fade and become soft in winter.
At this time, Liu Si was more involved in painting Cao Xueqin's Dream of Red Mansions. The back depicts Dai Yu's buried flowers: Liu Siyu pods float with Li Fei from wheat straw; More Gezi towel Nanxiangzi sang poems in the pavilion. There is no wind, the willows are inclined to apricot flowers, the flute is silent, and the plum blossoms leak. In spring, willows sprout, the stars are bright and time is precious (Yan Shu's Ci). Lou Yu Looking Back at Willow Weak Spring (Text) Du Fu's waist is as weak as fifteen women's waist. The poet accurately grasped the state of willow in spring, and there were two orioles at the same time.
The poet corresponding to the first sentence is being attracted by the singing of oriole. When he looked away from the oriole singing under the wicker and was awakened by the oriole singing above, he saw the sky far away from the treetops.
It is said that the poet wrote a dynamic picture of birds jumping and singing in a cheerful style. This line gives readers a feeling that egrets are huge compared with orioles, and migratory birds are weak. The following will explain the comparison of the meaning of bird species. The poet accurately and vividly revealed the urgency for flocks of egrets to spend the winter in the south and return to their hometown in the warm spring season in bloom. Egrets and orioles are divided into two States, which form a sharp contrast. The poet also used the state of two birds to distinguish egrets from orioles.
Ancient poems describe the sky, but poets use blue words to express the bright and clear sky in early spring. Du Fu, a representative realist poet in Tang Dynasty, defined the sky in early spring, which also influenced the costumes of that period and country. The first sentence of the famous Japanese performance Spring in the North is graceful white, and the Japanese characters are blue.
Li Qing has two meanings.
Blue and green are both colors, neither dull nor quiet. The chromaticity of western oil paintings has a bright feeling. The three primary colors of magenta, emerald and blue are mixed with the primary colors to form three indirect colors of yellow, cyan and magenta. In the tone of the icon, the basic tone only contains cyan, which is convenient for cyan to be transparent, and its positive color cannot be completely hidden when projected.
The second green state is the budding state, and the significance of a clean and simple layer is particularly important for the rejuvenation in late winter and early spring. It is this feeling that the poet grasped and expressed his heroism in his later years in green.
The poet's feeling of using color is still elegant.
Look at Shang Qi's two sentences, two numbers, two quantifiers, two birds, an oriole and an egret, two colors, green and blue. These two colors are close to willow trees, and fourteen words are on the surface of the distant sky, expressing fourteen things. The first two sentences of the poet have hidden the pride of progress. It is more difficult for readers to express their feelings by using the word blue as a link between the preceding and the following.
More importantly, the poet only described the scenery in the first half of the poem.
The window in the first sentence of Jueju contains the autumn snow in Xiling. First, a picture frame is established for readers' attention. The craftsmen in the classical architecture of the window country attach great importance to window design, and there are four buildings in Shanxi in the Tang Dynasty alone. At that time, Liang Sicheng and Lin discovered Bukoji, a building of the Tang Dynasty, and visited ancient buildings many times, which enabled Liang Sicheng to solve the mystery of the structure of ancient buildings in China and complete the interpretation of the book "Building French Style". There are many drawings of windows in this book, but most of them are missing wood carvings. Some poets in Chengdu Du Fu Caotang have set a scene for us first-they have attracted readers' attention to the sky, so we should see the overall perspective. If poets contain words, they will hide a lot of visually redundant scenery, and we will miss the wood carving.
Xiling refers to the poet who wrote Nanling or Beiling or Dongling in the southwest corner of Chengdu, but he only mentioned the geographical environment of Xiling.
In the Tang Dynasty, Buddhist culture was popular in China, and Buddhism was introduced to China and reached its peak. When Du Fu was a teenager, people's ideology began to accept the influence of western Buddhist culture in addition to the influence of traditional Confucianism. The west stands for death, and Buddhism calls people nirvana to the western paradise. Confucianism advises people to talk about the concept of vitality. When Du Fu wrote the quatrains, he resigned from his official position and returned to Huanhuaxi Road. Du Fu has vaguely seen the end of his century-old life and felt the hard work of life. The poet used thousands of years to express his hope to reach the white realm of snow.
At this moment, the window blocks the line of sight, allowing readers to imagine that Xiling Mountain is properly surrounded by the four frames of the poet's window, so that our line of sight crosses the blue sky with the poet's brush. When the snow line in Xiling approached the green willow, the poet withdrew his sight and landed on the outer river of Chai Men, a small courtyard.
The whole poem is anchored in Wan Li, Wu Dong, drawing readers' eyes back from afar.
The poet describes the scenery outside the window, and the angle of going out at the beginning of the last sentence is already in sight. I hope there will be a window and a view, a courtyard and Chai Men passing by Chai Men, and now the boat moored on the river outside the door is ready to go. It has been clearly pointed out that the poet's life path is compared to Wan Li's incisive judgment. China's landscape paintings often draw a picture with artistic characteristics. The main scene often draws pavilions and bridges, but the finishing touch is different from splashing ink and rendering. It is often more subtle in nuances, and the theme of paintings is mostly reflected in the artistic views of poets and painters expressing their feelings because of the meaning of this country.
If the scenery outside the door is taken as a window view, the word "garden" has the same meaning as the three neck characters. There is always a meaning of parking and berthing. There is always a meaning of sailing and berthing. The word "park" gives readers an expectation of action, while the word "park" has the meaning of inclusion and coverage. Thousands of years of still snow poems, naive and lonely. The poet used snow to express his summary of life in the coming year, and also used boats to express his feelings of returning home to serve the country.
Du Fu wrote a poem when he was fifty-four years old, giving people a sense of time and space. On the third day of the first month, the shogunate resigned and returned to his hometown in Chengdu. At this time, Du also resigned from his office. When he looked at the beautiful scenery of spring, he couldn't help feeling his heart sprouting. He has lived in the snow in Luxiling, Wan Li since he took a boat to Dongwu, and his wish is unfulfilled. The poet used scenery to fully show the readers the dynamic and static reality and his own life.
The poet described two landscapes, doors and windows, two geographical locations, Xiling and Soochow, but the scenery of fourteen ships showed the inner world more clearly than Shangganling. Du Fu is a masterpiece of realism in the history of China literature, which is as famous as Li Bai, a poet in the Tang Dynasty. It was not until he was nearly fifty years old that a large number of poems came out. His first poem was written in his later years. His words are concise and precise, and his words are pure and sincere.
Du died in the Tang Dynasty, and from his birth, he entered the last period of the war. After years of suffering, Du Fu has seen all the human sufferings. At this time, Tang poetry in the history of literature entered its heyday because of Li Bai and Du Fu's poems.
During this period, immortals and sages recorded the humanities, politics, society and other epics in the prosperous Tang Dynasty from three aspects with a large number of poems, and expressed their ideals and wishes to save the world. Second, criticize the darkness of reality; Thirdly, singing Li Bai's poems from the landscape inherits Qu Yuan's romantic tradition, rich imagination, fresh language and elegant and unrestrained style, while Du Fu's poems inherit the realism of the Book of Songs and face the reality. The content of life is profound and profound, which truly reflects the historical changes of Tang society from prosperity to decline before the An Shi Rebellion.