Syntax: ellipsis, judgment, passivity and inversion.
There are also key function words such as "Zhi", "Er", "Qi", "Ran" and "Yi" which will also be summarized and sorted out. Under the new curriculum standards, some teachers may do the opposite, ignoring these important notional words, function words or syntactic features, or even not considering them. Moreover, students have no knowledge of the situation and cannot be monitored.
3. In the new curriculum, a large number of ancient poems need to be recited, which is quite welcome from the perspective of our Chinese teachers. However, the actual situation is that in the specific teaching practice, the status of our language is quite low, and students (especially junior three students) have to deal with a lot of math and science exercises (the score of science in the senior high school entrance examination is 2 10). Who can resist such temptation? How can they have time to finish a lot of Chinese recitation? In the face of such a large number of reciting, how should we guide students to memorize and consolidate? Ancient poems may be easy to master, as long as they are common and commonly used (Cai Yu) famous sentences. What about the article? Some articles are quite long and extremely difficult to understand. Do you all need to recite? The new curriculum standard says to recite 80 excellent poems. It's a pity that you don't recite such classic works as Listening to a Drunken Man's Drinks, The Story of Yueyang Tower and The Story of Peach Blossom Garden. It is very difficult for most students to recite it. )
4. To what extent should we understand the theme, content, thoughts and feelings of the text? dig
How deep is it to meet the requirements of the new curriculum? Many teachers also find it difficult to grasp. An important feature of the new curriculum, which can also be said to be a bright spot of the new curriculum, is the addition of this vital application problem that combines ancient and modern. Of course, we need to pay special attention.
5. For the extracurricular classical Chinese that must be tested in the curriculum reform, (this can also be said to be a flash of the new curriculum standard.
Highlights In the past, the final exams of senior one and senior two in junior high school were basically based on reading classical Chinese in class, and there was little or no extra-curricular reading of classical Chinese. However, in 2005, the new curriculum has already involved the extracurricular reading of classical Chinese in grade seven. For this part of the content, teachers and students generally have fear. The amount of classical Chinese in the classroom is already quite large, and coupled with a large number of reading classical Chinese after class, teachers may generally feel that time is tight and tasks are heavy. I don't know where to find time to deal with these books.
Three, the city's seventh and eighth grade final examination papers and this year's senior high school entrance examination papers reflect the new curriculum standard classical Chinese goals and students (pinghu city) test feedback.
(1) Analysis of Classical Chinese Test Questions in the Final Papers of Grade Seven and Grade Eight.
I sorted out and analyzed the questions of classical Chinese reading and ancient poetry writing in six final papers of grade seven and grade eight. It is not difficult to see the characteristics of these papers:
1. The selected article involves extracurricular materials.
In the 2003 school year, two papers on reading classical Chinese were selected from textbooks, with simple contents and strong plots. Chen Taiqiu and the Friendship Period (the seventh day of 2003), the debate between two children (the seventh day of 2003). In the 2004 school year, all four papers were combined in and out of class, among which seven (1), eight (1) and eight (2) papers were selected for comparative reading. Among them, seven (top), seven (bottom) and eight (top) have comments on extracurricular classical Chinese.
2, the examination content and form:
The content and form of the test questions are nothing more than four aspects. Understand and remember words (1). The forms of appearance include adding some word explanations and sentence translations, which are required for every exam. (2) Appreciation of articles. Appear in the form of a pause when reading clauses. For example, marking reading suspension with ∕. Fiona Fang ignored the entrance (the seventh day of the 2003 school year); Mark the pause of the following sentences with "∨". ① One of the dogs sat in front ② A wolf den (Class 7, 2004). (3) Understand the theme and characters in the text. The questions are as follows: ① Who is the hero of this story? What kind of people can you see from the text? (Grade 7, 2003) ② The above two paragraphs are all about finding friends at night. Please use the words in the original text to answer their reasons for finding friends. From the article (b) "I left on impulse and came back happy. Why should I wear it? " You can see what kind of person Wang Ziyou is from this sentence. (Grade 8, 2004) ④ Please find out the sentences that best reflect the author's idea of "having fun with the people" from paragraphs (a) and (b) and extract them. (Grade 8, 2004) ⑤ Why do you think "palace" is "laughter"? Please analyze it briefly. (Grade 7, 2004) (4) There are several application problems (expansion and migration). For example: ① What did the story of "Two children arguing about Japan" give you? (Answer in your own words) (Class 7, 2003) 2 Since ancient times, many people with lofty ideals like Fan Zhongyan have emerged in our nation. Please name a person with this noble quality in today's era, briefly describe his deeds and make an evaluation. The number of words is about 50 words. (Part 8 of the 2004 academic year) ③ What does the butcher's experience give us? (7 classes in 2004)
This part of the examination content is a bright spot presented to us by the new curriculum, which is characterized by: making the past serve the present. This is a very important matter. Our Chinese class requires us to attach great importance to the accumulation of knowledge and the cultivation and application of ability, which is the best embodiment of the application of Chinese knowledge and ability.
3. Knowledge points involved in the test questions.
Looking at the six experimental papers, the knowledge points involved in the test questions are nothing more than some syntactic and lexical points. Although he said, "knowledge of morphology and syntax should not be the focus of the exam." But the key words, words and sentences they involve are definitely the key areas of the exam. For example, (1) "Zunjun is absent" means that "no" is a common word. (2) Add "work at sunrise and rest at sunset" to illustrate that "go" is synonymous in ancient and modern times. (3) Some words have been added to Joy for the People, which shows that the former "Le" is a flexible word in parts of speech. (4) The word "Yi" that doesn't take pleasure in things is polysemous, and so on. Another example: sentence translation, (1) "A wolf is in a hole, which means it will get in and attack the back." It is an inverted sentence, in which "hole" is also a flexible use of parts of speech. (2) "Taibai feels that what he wants has also graduated." This is a passive sentence. (3) "However, if you are not the king, you will have nothing." This is a prepositional object sentence. Another example: the seventh (next) test in the 2003 school year, "Please fill in the omitted contents in the brackets of the following sentences." (1) () Ask the reason. (2) I have been close to people since the beginning of the day, and I have alienated people when I arrived in Japan. "The exam is an ellipsis.
4. Ancient poetry exam.
As can be seen from the scroll, the score of the ancient poetry examination is increasing, from 4 points in Grade 7 in 2003 to 8 points in Grade 7 (below), Grade 8 (above) and Grade 8 (below). The examination questions basically cover two levels: simple memory and understandable content. The higher-level "application problem" has not been involved.
(2) treat the classical Chinese test questions in this year's senior high school entrance examination paper with the new concept of "curriculum standard".
1, let's take a look at this year's academic examination papers in the experimental area of our province.
(1), famous ancient poems and sentences are written from memory. * * There are 7 questions in total, of which 1-5 is required, and 6 and 7 are optional. The score is eight. These seven questions involve three levels:
A, simple recitation.
(1) the desert solitary smoke straight,. (Wang Wei, "Let It Go to the Fortress")
(2), every night the candle will cry dry wick. (Li Shangyin "Untitled"
(3) Under the 800-mile main pipe, 50 strings cross the Great Wall. (Xin Qiji's "Broken Array")
Like a strong wind in spring, it blows at night. (Cen Can, "Snow White sends the judge to Beijing")
B, understand.
⑤ What's it like to care about the world? As early as the Northern Song Dynasty, Fan Zhongyan told us in Yueyang Tower.
6. Please write sentences that express natural beauty in ancient poems. (Write two consecutive sentences)
C. use these questions.
⑦ Please choose the famous sentences in your favorite ancient poems as the motto to remind yourself to treat the dilemma correctly. (Write two consecutive sentences)
The scores of famous ancient poems and sentences written by dictation are obviously larger than those of the previous senior high school entrance examination papers, and the examination questions are hierarchical. It is not only a simple recitation, but also emphasizes understanding and application.
(2) Reading classical Chinese.
Select two disjointed paragraphs.
The first paragraph is "Humble Room Inscription" in the class. The first and second questions are the explanation of adding words and sentence translation. The explanations of added words are "name" (noun as verb), "red" (generic word), "chaos" (also the causative usage of adjectives) and "shape" (key substantive words and nouns). The second sentence in sentence translation, "Confucius:' What's wrong?' This is a prepositional object sentence. The third and fourth questions of the test questions are comprehension questions. "The sentence that expresses the author's joy in getting rid of the noisy life and complicated official duties in the article is-"and "One of the following mistakes in appreciating the content of the article is" choosing the topic type.
The second paragraph is Dongpo Painting Fan after class. The following notes are supplements to some difficult words. The selected text is a text with local characteristics and strong humanity. The content of the test questions is also additive explanation (including content words and function words) and sentence translation: additive explanation includes "industry", "fitness", "line", "take", "reason" and "its". Look carefully at the words examined in extracurricular reading, which are the key words mentioned in class. Another problem is the understanding of the content. "From the text, what is the reason why fans are in debt?" How did Su Dongpo help the fans? "
It can be seen that the understanding and memory of words, phrases and sentences is always necessary, involving all key words, phrases and sentences. It is difficult to choose the text, and the questions are flexible, especially the comprehension questions.