1. Understand the superficial meaning and you can translate the general idea: time, place, people, things and scenery.
(a), how to understand the shallow meaning?
Fill in the contents-omit the subject, object, adverbial, transitional language, etc.
Adjust the word order-verb inversion, adverbial postposition, prepositional object, etc.
Integrating the meaning of sentences-conjunctions before and after are generally translated into sentences with relatively complete meaning.
The Han River is flooding.
Wang Wei
Three branches in the south reach Chu territory, and nine branches flow to Jingmen. The river crosses heaven and earth, where the colors of the mountains are yes and no.
Human habitation seems to float on the ripples in the distant sky. These beautiful days in Xiangyang have fascinated my old mountain! .
General idea:
I rowed on the river and saw it from a distance. ) The vast land of ancient Chu is connected with the water of "Sanxiang" rushing from Hunan, surging the Han River into Jingjiang River and merging with the nine factions of the Yangtze River.
The Han River (surging away, as if it had been flowing in) has passed the heavens and the earth, and there are many green mountains on both sides, (misty, sometimes hidden), as if nothing had happened.
The wall floats (in the distance) on the water in front; The waves are rough, flapping and shaking the sky (in the distance).
Xiangyang has beautiful scenery and seems to want to stay and get drunk with Shan Weng.
2. Understand the deep meaning and write what artistic conception (image, atmosphere).
What emotions (emotions, moods) are expressed and what thoughts (attitudes, opinions) are reflected.
Second, the methods and skills of reading poetry
1, the title of the topic is the starting point of poetry appreciation. Because the title is rich in a lot of information (time, place, people, events, the mood of the poet, the artistic conception of the poem, the type of the poem, etc. It can be said that the title of a poem is a guide to poetry appreciation. It either indicates the theme or indicates the poet's emotional tone.
Example 1: (Hainan, Ningxia Volume) Inscribes Zhao.
The wild water gurgles down the stream, and the autumn wind blows the forest. Everyone knows that the village is close to holding urns, and Zhongjue Temple is close to the pier.
Thinking: What did this poem write?
If you only look at the words, you may think that the poem describes the natural scenery of the countryside, but after reading the title, you will understand that this is a painting poem, which describes the picture rather than the real scene. Knowing this, we will naturally think that the descriptions of "flowing water", "rustling autumn wind", "temple bells", "knowing the village is near" and "feeling the temple is deep" in poetry should be the imagination and association of the poet. The poet uses the artistic technique of combining reality with reality to think outside the painting, showing the scenery and interest outside the painting. Ingeniously, this understanding coincides with the appreciation requirements of the second question of this poem.
Ex. 2: On the eve of the imperial examination, I congratulate Minister Zhang (Tang) on Qingyu.
Last night, the candles in the bridal chamber were lit all night, waiting for dawn to worship the parents-in-law. After putting on makeup, I asked my husband in a low voice: Is thrush deep and fashionable?
Thinking: What is the theme of this poem?
Understand this as a dry poem. Poets compare themselves to "brides", "aunts" to examiners and "thrushes" to their own poems. "Husband" refers to Dr. Zhang Ji from the Ministry of Water Resources. He is quite famous in poetry and would like to be promoted. Implicit expression of pre-test worry that the work may not suit the examiner's mind, ask for advice. Through beautiful poetic rhyme, it skillfully expresses a candidate's unique anxiety and expectation before facing an exam related to his career.
Function 1: The title reveals the content of Zhu's reading comprehension. If you only look at the text of the poem, you think it is the scenery of a small lake, but after reading the title, you will know that this poem is about the author's feelings of reading. Half an acre square pond is a book, and the sky and clouds mean that there are beautiful scenery in the book. The source of living water means that reading can make the mind clear and the mind fresh forever.
Role 2: the topic reveals the mood. Jia Dao's suicide note has two actions before and after this title. "Begging" and "not meeting" are extremely implicit. But we can guess the author's regret even without looking at the poem.
Function 3: Title display ideas. Zhang Jiuling's "Looking at the Moon and Thinking of a Distant Man" is entitled "Looking at the Moon and Thinking of a Distant Man". "Looking ahead before thinking" is the theme of this poem.
2. To truly understand a poem, the author must understand others and discuss the world. "To discuss poetry by knowing people" means to understand the poet's ideological character, life experience, style and genre, creative background and purpose. When reading poetry, we must pay attention to the poet's experience and situation, and pay attention to the national conditions and political affairs of the dynasty in which the poet lived. Only by knowing people and the world can we accurately grasp the thoughts and feelings of poetry. Some poems will provide relevant annotations, while others have no annotations, which need to be recalled and refined from accumulated knowledge.
Example 3: (National Volume 2)-Xun is in spring.
Light rain is looking forward to spring, and falling flowers are near dusk. The car dust can't reach the ground, and the door is covered by the sound of birds singing.
[Note] ① Li Mi-xun (1085- 1 153), a native of Wuxian (now Suzhou, Jiangsu Province), has served as a Sheren official of Zhongshu and assistant minister of the household department. He was dismissed because he strongly opposed Qin Gui's surrender policy. (2) Layout: refers to the empty place at the door.
Thinking: What emotion did you read from this poem?
Interpretation With this introduction, it is much easier to grasp the emotion of poetry. It is not difficult to see that one or two sentences in the poem are about the evening in late spring, when the rain is falling and flowers are scattered all over the floor. From these bleak scenery, we can see the author's loneliness and sadness after political frustration. There were several birds in front of the house where the poet wrote poems, and he had to close the door in the sound of birds, from which we can see the poet's sigh about the cold world. This is the true expression of the author's inner feelings after he was dismissed for opposing Qin Gui. The poet was really moved by this scene.
Example 4: Look at Li Yu in Jiangnan
How much hate, in my dream last night. Just like swimming in the garden in the old days. In Ma Rulong, where cars are like flowing water, flowers and the moon are spring breeze.
Note: This was written by Li Houzhu in the Southern Tang Dynasty after the Song Dynasty was destroyed. Some people say that this is a masterpiece of the prosperity of the old country; Some people say that this is a sad song.
Thinking: What emotion did you read from this poem?
On the surface (especially the last three sentences), this word is written about the nostalgia for the prosperity of the past, but in fact it expresses the infinite desolation of the situation after waking up.
3. Read the notes of the annotated poems. Some introduce the writing background and hint at the ideological content of this poem. Some introduce related poems, implying the allusions or artistic conception of your poems; Some introduce the author, which implies your writing style of this poem. You must not ignore this content when reading poetry.
Example 5: Two quatrains (I) Du Fu
Jiangshan bathed in spring, how beautiful, flowers send flowers. Swallows are busy nesting in wet mud and sleeping in pairs on the warm beach.
Note: This poem was written by the poet when he temporarily lived in Chengdu Caotang after "four tours at one year old".
Thinking: What kind of scene does this quatrain depict? What kind of feelings did the poet express?
The interpretation of this poem depicts a beautiful scene of early spring: the spring is bright, the fields are green, the river reflects the sunshine, the spring breeze brings the fragrance of flowers and plants, the mud melts and the soil is wet, the swallows are busy building their nests with mud, the sun is bright and the sand is warm, and Yuanyang is still sleeping on the sandbar. This is a beautiful picture of spring. It shows the poet's happy and leisurely mood after he ended his wandering life and settled down.
Example 6: Queqiaoxian smells azaleas every night.
The eaves are quiet, the window lights are dim, the Spring Festival Evening is stormy, and the warblers are always silent. But day and night, I often cry cuckoo, tears clear, dream, pick up deep branches and fly away. Therefore, the mountain (3) is unbearable, and it can live for half a life.
Note (1) At the beginning of the eighth year of the main road (1 172), Lu You served as the aide of Sichuan ambassador Wang Yan in Zheng (now Shaanxi Province) and actively participated in the War of Resistance Against Gold, with remarkable achievements. Just as Chang 'an was about to recover after the victory on the front line, Wang Yan was transferred to the Privy Council of Lin 'an, the capital city, and Lu You was also transferred to the pacification department of Chengdu Mansion to participate in the discussion, leaving the front line of the Anti-Japanese War. This work was written after he arrived in Chengdu, and it is a "fable of taking advantage of the situation". Shock and disability: wake up. 3 Laoshan: that is, hometown.
Thinking: How does this poem express the poet's feelings?
Interpret and express the poet's infinite feelings and laments about his wasted years, old heroes and career failures.
4. The meaning of image is the poet's thoughts, feelings and ideas. "Image" is the image and image of the object. "Image" is an image in the mind and a unique image created by objective images through the poet's emotional activities.
Example 7: (National Volume 3) Partridges in Yan
Shili terraces lean on green, and cuckoos crow in the depths of flowers. Talking to pedestrians diligently is not like a songbird flying for the second time. Sleep in a dream, when it clears up that day. It's better to return than to return. Is it true that the end of the world has not returned, and it is impossible to strive for a return date?
Thinking: Why does the author describe the cuckoo's cry in this poem?
Interpretation of the ancients believes that the cuckoo's cry seems to say: "It is better to go home! It is better to go home! " The theme of this word is homesickness, and it is most appropriate to start with the description of cuckoo calls.
Example 8: Bianhe Qutang is easy to stand.
Bianshui infinite spring water flows eastward, and Sui Palace Que has become dust. Pedestrians don't look up at the long embankment, and the wind is full of sorrow.
Note: Li Yi, a frontier poet in the middle Tang Dynasty, is good at quatrains and scenery writing.
Thinking: What is the emotional tone of poetry?
Interpretation of poplar flowers flying all over the sky, floating like snow. People often pin their lingering grief, parting thoughts, ideals and ambitions, as well as their own frustration and frustration on the gentle and affectionate Huayang, hoping to find their own home.
5. Allusions in Ming Dynasty can enrich the content of poetry, decorate the facade of poetry and improve the quality of poetry. There are too many literary allusions in Qi and Liang Dynasties, which are difficult to understand, but proper allusions are really conducive to the expression of the ideological content of poetry.
Example 9: Peach Blossom in Qing 'an Temple [Southern Song Dynasty] Xie Fangde
In order to avoid the chaos of the Qin dynasty, Taoyuan people found such a beautiful weaver girl this year, but they didn't have a calendar record. Only when they saw peach blossoms did they know that the New Year was coming. If I live in the Peach Blossom Garden, I won't let the petals of peaches fall into the water and go out with the water, because I am afraid that fishermen will find holes with the water when they see peaches in the water!
[Note] Xie Fangde, a native of the Southern Song Dynasty, still fought the Yuan soldiers by means of summoning in Jiangdong and summoning in Jiangxi after the death of the Song Dynasty, making them know about Xinzhou. After the defeat, he sneaked into the mountains, lived in seclusion for 12 years and refused to be an official. After being forced to go north, he went to Yanjing, the capital of Zhiyuan, and died of hunger strike. This poem was written in seclusion.
Thinking: Please analyze the beauty of this poem.
Interpret the poet's clever use of allusions, lead to the story of Taoyuan through peach blossoms, and replace the Peach Blossom Garden with Qing 'an Temple; Write "avoid Qin" and "avoid Yuan"; Use "fear of fishermen visiting" to express their determination to be peerless; Just four poems, with rich connotations. The whole poem is thought-provoking, and the image of a hermit who will never cooperate with the Yuan rulers comes to the fore.
6. A poem that grasps the last sentence often describes the scenery first, and then expresses feelings and ambitions. Therefore, grasping the end of the poem is conducive to grasping the main idea of the poem.
Example 10: (Shanghai Volume) Renchen Cold Food Wang Anshi
The guest thinks like a willow, and the spring breeze is thousands. It's even colder to eat tears, but when I think of it, I smell the city tide.
The towel is covered with snow, and the mirror face is faded early. I don't know about Xuan Ming, but I want to be an old fisherman.
Thinking: What kind of pursuit does this poem reflect?
The interpretation of the whole poem expresses the anxiety of missing guests, cold food and being an official, and expresses the author's envy of Yu Qiao's free life.
Third, summarize the steps of poetry appreciation.
1, depending on the title and author; 2. Read the poem silently twice and feel the whole;
3. Find out the nouns that describe the scenery, things and people, capture and understand the image in the poem, and find out what it is written about;
4. Find out the verbs or adjectives that reflect the poet's feelings and find out the feelings expressed by the poet;
5. Read notes to reflect on the topic of poetry and think as a whole. 6. Carefully examine the questions and standardize the answers.
Special reminder
1, to truly understand poetry, the method is not fundamental, but reading more and understanding more is the key.
2. Reading comprehension is a comprehensive intellectual activity. You must first learn to read step by step, and then rise to comprehensive reading.
3. Do poetry appreciation questions during this time, don't be busy answering questions, and consciously put reading poetry first.
Classroom exercises:
1. Read Living in a Lonely Summer (Lu You) and answer this question.
Lakes and mountains are my home, and willow trees are a path. When the lake overflows, egrets fly in the air and frogs hum by the lake.
The new crop of bamboo shoots has matured, and the magnolia has just begun to blossom. Alas, let bygones be bygones, who * * * will sleep in afternoon European tea.
[Note] The dragon is a bamboo shoot. Wooden pen, also known as magnolia. Both are common things in early summer.
Question: (1) What are the characteristics of the scenery written in the poem? From what aspects to show this feature?
"you" ① Write the seclusion of the environment and the beauty of the early summer scenery with images such as scenery (the beauty of lakes and mountains, Liu Yin, the slope of wild trails, the fullness of water and the depth of grass); ② Set off seclusion (heron descending); (3) set off seclusion with sound (frogs sing).
Question: (2) What complex thoughts and feelings does this poem express?
① The first six sentences use the scene of "seclusion in early summer" to express the joy of self-satisfaction (leisure); (2) the last sentence "sigh"; One is to lament that people with lofty ideals are empty and old, and they have accomplished nothing in serving the country; Second, I sigh that my old friends are gone, and I feel lonely and disappointed.
2. Read the following poem and answer the questions.
Hearing the wind from the bamboo window, he sent a wonderful method to find Uncle Sikong.
Li yi
Sitting alone by the breezy window at dusk, meditating on leisurely thoughts far away from the sky. The breeze opened the door, stirred the bamboo forest and doubted the arrival of old friends.
Dewdrops on the branches and leaves fall from time to time because of the wind, which gradually moistens the dark green moss under the steps. When the wind blows open the curtains in the room, it wipes away the dust accumulated for a long time for me.
[Note] Miao Fa and Si Kongshu are Li Yi's poetry friends.
General idea:
In the evening, a breeze blew and woke me up from my meditation. My thoughts drifted away when I approached the window.
(The wind) blew the door and bamboo. I thought it was an old friend (coming to see me).
(Wind) Blows off the dew on the bamboo branches, and the dew drops on the moss under the stone steps.
(The wind) should open the curtains and come in and brush the dust off the green harp for me.
Understand the profound meaning of the poem "Bamboo Window Wind Delivers Wonderful Method to Sikongshu".
1, this is a poem about people far away.
2. The two poems "When the branches are exposed, the hair is slightly stained" render a cold and quiet atmosphere.
3. This poem expresses the poet's lonely mood and his yearning for his old friend through the image of the breeze.