outline
Weng Juan was a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty. Words continue to be ancient, and words are refreshing. Yongjia (now Wenzhou, Zhejiang) people. The year of birth and death is unknown. Household cloth. Among the "Yongjia Four Spirits", middle age is the highest. Liu Kezhuang criticized the "Four Spirits" and said: "Yongjia poets tried their best to meet the princes of Jia Dao and Yao He" (preface to Guapu Collection), but made another comment on Weng Juan. In Zhi Zhi, he said, "You are not only good at tang style, but also good at choosing sports workers. Sometimes a thousand years, only in a couplet. " At present, there are only a few ancient poems in our collection of poems, such as Hakka Ji, seeing Liu several ways, picking herbs in the mountains and rewarding friends. The five-character poems of Han and Wei Dynasties in Selected Works are cool, but they lack personal characteristics. More modern poetry. Some of the seven wonders are quite beautiful, such as Wild Hope: "One day, the autumn is cold and sunny, and countless peaks are far and near." I went up the mountain to see the wildfire, but suddenly I saw the green hills under the water. The song "April in the Country" is more well known: "The mountains and plains are all green, and the rain is like smoke in the sound of rules. "In April, when there were few idle people in rural areas, we planted sericulture and farmed. It's quite fresh and far away. He is the author of "Collection of Western Words" 1 Volume, a book of the Southern Song Dynasty. " The Collection of Wei Bixuan has a volume of Congke of Yongjia Poets' Ancestral Temple. These two episodes are different from each other.
The literary achievements of editing this passage
Weng Juan's poetry occupies a precious position in the history of China literature, leaving a rare spiritual and cultural heritage for future generations, and also gaining some spiritual comfort for himself in the troubled Southern Song Dynasty.
Chronological background
Weng Juan lived in an era when Jiangxi Poetry School gradually declined. Weng Juan and other four Wenzhou poets are deeply dissatisfied with the style of Jiangxi Poetry School, which is "taking books as poems", piecing together old classics and sticking to their own opinions. Weng Juan and others started with the poets in the late Tang Dynasty, deliberately seeking new ideas, taking the road of "bitter songs" by Jia Dao and Yao He, and trying to be "surprisingly narrow". This is about Weng Juan and others, and after Shan Yu.
After the Tang Dynasty, poets who came to the Jianghu School felt that they were weak and wanted to make a difference, which was also one of the reasons why Weng Juan's "Four Spirits" poems were valued in the poetry circle at that time. Most of Weng Juan's poems adopt the technique of line drawing, and the poetic style is relatively simple, with a faint charm in simplicity. "Paying more attention to essence than seeking more, and being complacent about things" is his creative criterion and goal. Weng Juan lives in the lower class of society and is familiar with people's feelings and customs. Therefore, some of his poems reflect and care about reality, sympathize with people's livelihood and expose unreasonable social phenomena, which are naturally very true. Although his poem "Silkworm Girl by Dongyang Road" has only seven words, it vividly describes the hard life and economic pressure of the silkworm girl: "Dust on the temples, mulberry leaf dew. It is difficult to meet each other, and it is difficult for others to reel off silk. " We can think of Bai Juyi's Charcoal Man. Silkworm girl and charcoal seller are both real working people in ancient society. After thousands of years of feudal society, there are few poets who can sing for the working people. His landscape poems not only inherited the exquisite style of the late Tang Dynasty, but also included the rational features of the Song Dynasty, such as Wild Hope: A Cold and Sunny Bay in Autumn, with numerous peaks and hills far and near. Wandering up the mountain to see wild water, I suddenly saw green mountains under the water. Another example is Shan Yu: The night is full of frost in Bai Yue, and there is no cloud or thunder. Pingming suddenly saw a stream running and knew that it was raining from another mountain.
Poetic emotion
Weng Juan writes poems to a great extent as a tool to cultivate his own temperament, and many of his works mainly express his personal feelings. Wei Bixuan's poems are mostly works of wandering around, works of praising rural life, works of expressing traveling feelings and works of singing for entertainment. Yueqing is a seaside place. Farming around ponds has been the main business of agriculture since the Song Dynasty. Reed grass was the most common plant before paddy fields could grow grain. Not a noble, but a "cloth" family. With a little soil, it can grow at will. As soon as the poet opens the doors and windows every morning, he is greeted by reeds and reeds leaning against the pillars and corridors. Who says this is not a good life? I think maybe that's how Wei Bixuan got his name. Some people say that the poem "Yongjia Four Spirits" has little social significance. Inside and outside the court, up and down the court, has long been anesthetized by the bitter wine of the Northern Song Dynasty, lacking profound content and times. However, in Weng Juan's time, "the bright moon in Qin dynasty and the local customs in Han dynasty" was just the dream of people with lofty ideals. It is commendable that the poets in this period were able to sing the survival breath of this decadent dynasty in the short struggle after the war. This is of course caused by the poet's life experience, attitude and social environment. Guangzong, Ning Zongchao and Song Jin were in a relatively stable state militarily, and the border affairs were comfortable. The ruling group was more content with the status quo and had no ambition to restore the Central Plains. Scholar-officials were addicted to poetry and wine, singing and dancing, and the impassioned battle chapter like Lu You almost disappeared in the poetry circle. In this depressed social atmosphere, how can we produce vigorous poetry? However, Weng Juan has not forgotten the world. He worked as an adjutant in the Jianghuai theater where Song and Jin confronted each other, and he was familiar with the situation of Song and Jin fighting. He was deeply disappointed that the small court of Song Dynasty was partial to Jiang Zuo, clinging to the remnants and failing to restore the great cause: "It is shameful for a strategist to fight without fighting." Looking at the autumn wind, I still feel Wan Li. "In this poem, he wrote that under the compromise policy of" stopping troops ",he could not establish a career and had no choice but to serve the country. Weng Juan and other "Yongjia Four Spirits" specialize in the Five Laws. His poems praise the scenery, write wild interest and pursue plain artistic conception. Pay attention to the tempering and double rhyme of words. Such as "light smoke near Guo, snow covers Yaoshan. "(Go to the Rich Pavilion in Winter)" The first-order spring grass is born, and a few pieces of fallen flowers are light. "("Spring Day ")" Plum blossoms fall to the ground, and the well is separated from the curtain ("Xiao Dui") "and so on are all true and simple sentences, which are spoken by people. Weng Juan wrote few pastoral poems, but they are vivid. Weng Juan has many poems that can be painted into scrolls, just like the traditional landscape paintings in China, which are both enjoyable and wonderful.
Edit this paragraph of people's comments.
A poet in the Southern Song Dynasty was full of admiration for Weng Juan. The poet's name is Dai Fugu, from Huangyan, Taizhou. He likes Weng Juan's poems, but he has never seen him. One day, by chance, he met a complete stranger Weng Juan in Hunan. He wrote "Meeting Weng Lingshu in Hunan": Yongjia Four Spirits.
"Tiantai Mountain is adjacent to Yandang, only separated by a cloud. I don't know each other on the edge of the cloud, but I meet you three thousand miles away. " Express the feelings of meeting each other late to the fullest. Throughout his life, Weng Juan traveled around for poetry and survival, covering Wenzhou, Jiangxi, Fujian, Hunan, Jianghuai and other places. Liu Kezhuang criticized the "Four Spirits" and said: "Yongjia poets tried their best to meet the princes of Jia Dao and Yao He" (preface to Guapu Collection), but made another comment on Weng Juan. In Zhi Zhi, he said, "You are not only good at tang style, but also good at choosing sports workers. Sometimes a thousand years, only in a couplet. " At present, there are only a few ancient poems in our collection of poems, such as Hakka Ji, seeing Liu several ways, picking herbs in the mountains and rewarding friends. The five-character poems of Han and Wei Dynasties in Selected Works are cool, but they lack personal characteristics. More modern poetry. Some of the seven wonders are quite beautiful, such as "Wild Hope": "One day, the autumn is cold and sunny, and countless peaks are far and near. I went up the mountain to watch the wildfire and suddenly saw the green hills under the water. " The song "April in the country" is more well known: "The mountains and plains are all green, and the rain is like smoke in the sound of rules. In April, there were few idle people in the countryside, so they only planted fields to raise silkworms. " It's quite fresh and far away.
Edit the life and death of this paragraph and the mystery of the tomb.
The mystery of the time and place of Weng Juan's birth and death
Weng Juan's date of birth and death is not recorded in the relevant materials. Weng Juan is from Yueqing, and Kangxi's "Wenzhou Fuzhi" records: "Weng Juan is from Liuchuan, Yueqing. The title of the poem is "Collection of Western Words" and "Collection of Wei Bixuan". " Weng Juan has two younger brothers, Weng Juan is the eldest, and the second brother is from Yongnian. Many people think Yongnian is the big brother. Weng Juan's third brother Weng Fang may die young. Weng Juan has two sons, Weng Jing and Weng Juan.
The mystery of Weng Juan's life
Weng Juan only took the fame test once, so he stopped. His father is just a small official and has a hard time making a living. Wang was fifty years earlier and was contemporary with his grandfather. Wang won the first prize, and his family and himself paid a considerable price. Naturally, there is no such family background, nor is there a century-old opportunity for Wang. Weng Juan Memorial Hall
Ye Shi prefaced Weng Juan's poems, while Weng Juan wrote poems all his life without regrets. But even if the poem is well written, it can't make a living or seek feudal fame. In order to write poetry, Weng Juan wrote more than half of his hair, not to mention the basic necessities of life. In this way, Weng Juan's ability to support his family depends on it. He traveled all his life and served in the scenes of Yue Shuai and Jiang Huai Bian Shuai. It is said that he lived only in his sixties. Weng Juan didn't spend much time in Yueqing. From his poems, we can vaguely find his little whereabouts. He lived in the suburbs of Wenzhou, Jiangxi, Fujian, Hunan, Jianghuai and other places. Weng Juan also lived in Fuzhou, Jiangxi for a period of time. There is a poem in Zhao Ru's Heroes of the Southern Song Dynasty, "Weng Lingshu is in Linchuan Classic, and he has never heard of a village house since his visit". The poet Weng Juan lived in seclusion in a deep mountain, where he built three or four huts, planted some sorghum and trees, and wrote poems leisurely.
Mystery of Weng Juan's Tomb
The Weng family in Yueqing Daitou always burn incense and kowtow to their ancestors' graves during Tomb-Sweeping Day or clan festivals. Weng Juan's second brother Yongnian's tomb is in Daitou. The descendants of Daitou Weng Juan said that Weng Juan's tomb had been found, saying that it was at the foot of the mountain opposite his second brother Yongnian's tomb. But it's just a pile of raised loess covered with grass. Such a famous poet left a few words behind him, and now even the tombstone can't be found. Naturally, it is impossible to conclude that this is Weng Juan's grave.
Edit this passage of Weng Juan Memorial Hall.
The site of Weng Juan Memorial Hall is said to be the former site of Weng's Ancestral Hall in Song Dynasty. After years of vicissitudes, its original appearance has disappeared, except for a large plaque engraved with "Gui Lian" to congratulate Weng on attending Kunzhong Middle School. 1999, Weng Juan Memorial Hall was completed, located at the entrance of Daitou Village, which is a wooden structure with traditional residential style. As soon as I entered the memorial hall, the big plaque handed down from ancient times appeared in front of me. There are four rows of columns, five in each row, supporting the whole column beam. There is a dense bamboo forest behind the museum, a small bridge in front of the museum, and several towering ancient Liquidambar formosana and Ginkgo biloba stand by the stream not far away. Weng Juan Memorial Hall is relatively simple, which is in line with Weng Juan's status as a poet in Burundi. The scenery around the memorial hall is beautiful, which is also in line with the style of Weng Juan's poems.
Edit this passage of Yongjia Four Mausoleums
Zhao Xu, Ji Xu, Weng Juan and Zhao Shixiu were all Wenzhou people in the Southern Song Dynasty. They share the same interests, have similar poetic styles, and their works are all Tang laws. Taking Jia Dao and Yao He in the late Tang Dynasty as the law, it is called Tang Style. The font size is "Ling". "The four beggars' gangs take (Xu) Daohui as their spiritual source and (Zhao) Ziyi as their spiritual show." "They are all named' Four Spirits' Cloud". Wenzhou was originally Yongjia County, so it is called "Yongjia Four Spirits". Yongjiasiling
"Four Spirits" take five laws as the main genre of poetry, and most of them are poems about objects. In the Five Laws, the two couplets in the middle are particularly emphasized. They are bitter and thoughtful, and some poems are really ingenious and exquisite. Zhao Xu's "Many boats gather in the cold, and the high temple is far away from the mountain" (titled "Shibi Temple in Quzhou"), "Sleeping in the wind and listening to the angle, watching the boat from the height of the building" ("Sending Weng Lingshu to Yongzhou"), Ji Xu's "Cold smoke adds bamboo color, sparse snow and chaotic plum blossoms" ("Sitting alone"), "Cold water turns blue eventually, and frosty nights turn red. Zhao Shixiu's poems, such as Spring Breeze and Waterfall, Pine and cypress and bloom, the sun is blue (Tongbai View), Tanjing Spring Rings, the sky is cold and the sun is red (On the Trench), capture images from different angles, such as vision, hearing and touch, skillfully arrange, accurately describe, contrast high and low, contrast colors, and combine motion and motion, which is unique.
Appreciation of editing this poem
Country April
Manshan Plain Green 1 Baimanchuan 2 and Zigui 3 sound like rain. There are few idle people in the countryside in April, and only four silkworms and five silkworms are planted in the field.
To annotate ...
1, good karma-good spirits and Yuanye. 2. Bai manchuan-refers to the water color reflecting the skylight in the rice field. Chuan, flat land. 3, Zigui-cuckoo. Country April
4. It's over-it's over. 5, sericulture-planting mulberry and sericulture.
translate
A small river flows in the green hills, and cuckoos sing happily in the drizzle and breeze. How busy people are in the countryside in April, before they finish sericulture and start farming.
Make an appreciative comment
The poem "April in the Countryside" simply depicts the early summer scene in the rural areas of the south of the Yangtze River. The first two sentences focus on the scenery: green plains, Shirakawa, Zigui and misty rain, and a few strokes outline the unique scenery of the water town in early summer. The last two sentences are about people. The picture mainly highlights the image of farmers transplanting rice in paddy fields, thus setting off the tension and busyness of rural labor in April. Call before and answer after, interweaving into a colorful picture. In April in the south of the Yangtze River, the hillside is green, Yuan Ye is green, and green trees, grass and seedlings are displayed in front of the poet, which is a world dominated by green. In the green Yuan Ye, rivers and canals crisscross, and the roads are full, flowing and white; Paddy fields filled with water are also white. Looking up, the green fields and the white water are all shrouded in faint smoke. Is that fog? A cigarette? No, it was a drizzle. From time to time, a few cuckoo calls came from the trees and the air. The first two sentences of the poem describe the scenery of Jiangnan in early summer, with broad vision and delicate brushwork; Bright colors and hazy artistic conception; Dynamic and static combination, vivid and colorful. "The rain is like smoke in the sound of the sub-gauge", and the drizzle like smoke seems to be summoned by the sub-gauge, which is particularly sense of realm. "In April, there were few idle people in the countryside, and only silkworms were planted in the fields." The last two sentences are about busy farming in early summer in Jiangnan. Mulberry picking, sericulture and transplanting are two major agricultural activities related to food and clothing. Now is the busy farming season, and every household is very busy. Don't take the last sentence of the poem too seriously, thinking that every family picks mulberry to feed silkworms first, and some people transport seedlings and some transplant them; Some people put silkworms into the field first, some people put silkworms into the field first, some people are only busy with one of them, and many people have to do something else. "Planting fields only when raising silkworms" is just a simplification, which outlines the busy atmosphere of rural farmers in April. As for not directly saying that people are too busy, but that there are few idle people, it is deliberately euphemistic and soothing, in order to maintain a leisurely tolerance in people's busy tension, which is in harmony with the watercolor-style hazy colors described in the first two scenes. Guan Bao Temple is full of apes and birds, and it will never be quiet. A stream of water came out and several monks smelled it. Stick to the pole, shake the stone and shake the cold cloud. They used to camp here, look for monuments and read notes. "Dragon Boat Rowing" can't get on the boat without unlocking the bridge. Zhu bird flies into the bamboo forest and flows along the leaves under the mountain. Suddenly I was happy to see the autumn wind, and I was still worried that I was young. I heard that Zhou Zi said that he would arrive in Quzhou tomorrow. "Chen Lao Mu Paici" is over 80 years old and widowed. Having a family is nothing but having a son who is a poet. A distant guest moves a book and hangs it, but a neighbor in a new grave. Autumn hall hangs a portrait, if in the body. Appreciating Du Fu is a work of flowers. I want to have a rest and think alone. Rivers can be separated, but spring breeze cannot swim. There was no reply to several poems and another letter was received. With more or less respect, the warbler's voice is high in the tree. "Chu Qing Lu" Chu Qing is still wet and the trees are bright. Herons peep at spring, idle children sleep across calves. You know there is a temple on the hillside, but you hate boats when you cross the water. Who built the stone road? The name is engraved on the rock. "Cangling, Chuzhou" crept step by step. At first, I suspected that I was in a dream. The village chicken is far away, and the mountain house has several neighbors. If it doesn't rain, the stream will grow in a hurry, either spring trees or new ones. Tourists have come since this ridge was opened. "Spring and Liu Mingyuan" didn't listen to the dripping sound from the eaves. It was windy last night. The first-order spring grass is green, and a few pieces are light. Knowing the difference between poverty and happiness is clear, and dreams without camps are clear. What you say is very obscure, if I want to escape. "Chun Xue" is a suspected pear flower, and the garden is full of surprises. You can't be cold to Larry. Stay away from the magpie nest and bury the flying grass deeply. From teaching sunshine to making waves. "Mourning for An Xue Zen Master" realized that life is nothing strange, and returning to hometown is empty. The bamboo building is three feet high and the stone couch is full of incense. A rotten tree was still hanging, and a new pine suddenly went through the wall. Monks can't stay, and they are desolate for a few days. Lao Mei on the Road is lonely and unaffected by Egypt. The old monster was planted in the past. Fairy spirits ride, dragons bring snow. A few cold branches glistened on the water, covered with moss a little. A bald-headed poet, flowers often go to the entrance. "Go to Fugui Pavilion in Winter" is not entrusted by damp, so why not? Light smoke is near Guo, and snow covers Yaoshan. The fisherman's pavilion is hung wai, among the trees of the monk's gallery island. It is difficult to be alone in the cold night, but poetry is still sung. The Old House in the Winter Gallery is famous for its extraordinary, and the fake is reduced to ashes. The room belongs to his monk, and there are no old guests at the door. The ice dries half the pool, and the plums fall. I still doubt it, but I'll never see you again. Getting Started Atlas More Atlas
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Character, writer, poet, Southern Song Dynasty, Yongjia Four Spirits