⑤ Water: A river running through Hancheng from east to west flows into the Yellow River from the east side of Sima Qian's tomb. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty once crossed the river from Zhichuan to Houtu Temple to pay homage.
This poem was written in the first year of Yingzong Zhiping (1064), and served as Hancheng county magistrate. This sentence goes like this: In ancient times, the earth was called Houtu.
[Note] ① Longmen. It is 60 miles north of Hancheng, Shaanxi Province.
The tomb of Sima Qian's temple is on the edge of this slope. All landowners in a word, buried in Han Yipo.
The abandoned temple is near the back soil. "That is to say, Sima Qian was born in Xiayang County, the left prime minister, and belongs to Khan Guanzhong in the west. Now he is in Hancheng.
(2) Han Yipo, named after the top of the mountain as straight as a beam. Liangshan also showed Sima Qian a solemn and stirring appearance: the grave.
Sima Qian's tomb is located on the west bank of the Yellow River, looking eastward from the ancestral tomb, hence the name Longmen, which refers to Houtu Temple here. Houtu Temple is located in Qian Miao Village on the bank of the West Yellow River in Wanrong County, Shanxi Province, facing Sima Temple across the river! [Author's Brief Introduction] likui jy, a doctor of Taichang in the Northern Song Dynasty, said: "Move Longmen and bury the Yellow River alone.
The water wails far away, and Liangshan is even worse. Sima Qian fell because he put in a good word for Li Ling. ⑧ Han Jun: refers to Liu Che, the Emperor of the Han Dynasty.
This sentence means. A word was obviously slaughtered ⑦ and defeated by Naihan.
Sima Qian Temple is adjacent to Houtu Temple. ④ Burial, now called Sima Po.
Its mountain name is Longmen Mountain, and the mountains on both sides are steep. Obvious massacre: Zheng Ming was buried in Sima Taishi Temple in Han Yipo (Song Dynasty). Likui jy was born in Longmen: Water also sang a sad song for Sima Qian's misfortune.
⑥ Liangshan: the mountain running through the north and south in the west of Hancheng: Sima Qian defended Li Ling's defeat and being captured by Xiongnu. According to legend, it was carved by Dayu when he was controlling water.
"Preface to Taishi Gong" cloud. ③ Houtu.
2. Introduction to Sima Qian's Temple 400 words Sima Qian's tomb was built in 3 10, with a history of more than 600 years.
This mausoleum was built in memory of Sima Qian, a world cultural celebrity, a great historian, writer and thinker in the Western Han Dynasty. The shrine tomb is built on four platforms, covering an area of 104 mu.
1982, the State Council was declared as a national key cultural relics protection unit. The plaque in front of you, "The Tomb of Da Han Taishi Sima Qian", is the ink of the great calligrapher Mr. Qi Gong.
This ancient road is paved with stone slabs, and there are traces of wheel crushing and wind and rain erosion on it. Scraggy is a thousand years old road. During the Spring and Autumn Period, before Han, Zhao and Wei were divided into Jin, Hancheng belonged to the State of Jin.
After Jinfen, Hancheng belonged to Wei's "land of Xihe River". Wei built a Shaoliang City here. In order to get through the traffic between Shaoliang and Hexi, this avenue was dug on the earth cliff in front.
Hancheng is the fief of West Zhou Wuwang, which is called "the country of Han", so this road is called "Hanyipo". "Yi" means big, which means that this road is the widest, longest and oldest in Hancheng.
Later, Sima Qian Temple was built on its north side, which Hancheng locals also called "Sima Po" and "Sima Ancient Road". There is a saying circulating in Hancheng: "After Sima Po, there are more men than donkeys", praising Hancheng for its talented people, talented people and numerous literati.
The ancient road used to be a slope. In order to prevent the mud truck from slipping in the rain, stone strips were laid in the Northern Song Dynasty. The clear ruts on the stone strips indicate that there was heavy traffic here in history.
This ancient road was built more than 3 miles at the earliest, and now only 300 meters is intact. The ancient road is connected with 108 national highway, which can be said to be the predecessor of 108 national highway and expressway more than 800 years ago.
Please look at the words "the mountain rises to the top" on this wooden archway. There is a poem in The Book of Songs that "the mountain rises and the scenery stops".
When Sima Qian wrote Historical Records Confucius Family, he praised Confucius with this sentence. The use of these four words here also praised Sima Qian's noble character and lofty morality, which was admired by the world. Now everyone is stepping on this masonry path, commonly known as "shine to God".
1668, the commander Zhai of Hancheng County led the people of Zhichuan to expand Sima Temple on a large scale, set up an overpass on Simapo, and transported soil from Nanyuan to Sima Temple, laying the foundation for the temple platform. In front of the foundation of the main hall, a ditch several feet deep was filled, and this road leading to the shrine-Shinto was built.
God's road is very distinctive, with a low middle and high sides. Make sidewalks in sunny days and drainage channels in rainy days, and use one thing for two purposes. There are 99 steps ahead.
Why build 99 steps? The ancients gave different meanings to different numbers. In ancient times, nine was a great number, and 99 was supreme.
Building ninety-nine steps is a metaphor for Sima Qian, who has gone through hardships and made great achievements in history and literature. The brick archway in the middle of the steps reads "Day of Rivers and Mountains"
The preface to Historical Records Taishi Gong said: "Move to Longmen and farm and graze the grandchildren of rivers and mountains." This is where it came from.
This pair of couplets on both sides of the archway is: "saints despise Taoism, and Chinese historical facts are classics." Now please look around.
To the east, the Yellow River surges, washing away the stagnant gas in the chest; Western Liangshan grey, livestock bright; To the south, the Great Wall of Wei winds like a fence; To the north, the Zhixiu River gurgles into a strip. Handsome rivers and mountains! The word "Taishi Hall" on the gate of the ancestral temple was inscribed by Wang Zengqi, the magistrate of Hancheng County in the 12th year of Guangxu reign of Qing Dynasty (1886), and the handwriting was dignified and vigorous.
Sima ancestral hall is the main building of Sima Qian's ci tomb. The ancestral hall consists of a sacrificial hall and a bedroom.
Xiandian is the place where Sima Qian's descendants worship their ancestors, and this stone table in the middle is a sacrificial table where offerings are placed; The desktop is engraved with piano, chess, calligraphy and painting, and two dragons playing with pearls. The couplets posted in the temple are: upright and upright, upright and not arrogant; The bottom line is: you are quiet and angry, and the history of success is shining.
Horizontal batch is: "the ancestor of literature and history." Now briefly introduce Sima Qian's life and experience: Sima Qian is gifted and intelligent, and he can still read ancient books at the age of 10.
When I was a teenager, I studied in my hometown and engaged in farming and animal husbandry activities. 19 years old, followed his father to Chang 'an, the capital of Beijing, and worshipped Kong Anguo to learn Shangshu and Dong Zhongshu to learn Chunqiu.
At the age of 20, under the arrangement of my father Sima Tan, I traveled to the famous mountains and rivers of my motherland. He goes to Jiuyuan (Baotou, Inner Mongolia) in the north, Jiuyi Mountain in the south, Shaoxing, Zhejiang in the east and Kongtong Mountain in Gansu in the west.
Traveling long distances, collecting historical rumors, investigating geographical environment and exploring folk customs have accumulated rich materials for writing historical records. At the age of 23, he became a doctor, which is the emperor's bodyguard. His task is to guard the court and protect the emperor.
In 1 10 BC, when Sima Qian was 36 years old, his father Sima Tan went to Mount Tai to meditate with Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and died in Luoyang on the way. On his deathbed, he was asked to finish the Book of Taishi Gong.
BC 108, Sima Qian was 38 years old. He inherited his father's footsteps and became a Taishiling. Taishiling is a civil servant with a low position, but he is a close minister of the emperor. He is responsible for recording state affairs, words and deeds of princes and princes, drafting imperial edicts, taking charge of astronomy, etiquette and making calendars.
He is an adviser to the emperor. In BC 104, Sima Qian worked out the taichu calendar together with the astronomical calendarists, Luo.
Taichu calendar calculated that there were seven leap months in 19, and 24 solar terms were completed, which played an important guiding role in agricultural production. This year, Sima Qian revised his father's works and decided to start writing Taishi Gongshu from the Yellow Emperor.
The Historical Records written by Sima Qian is the first biographical general history of China, which can be called the cornerstone of China history. Historical Records not only records many aspects of ancient society, but also has simple and vivid narration and gorgeous writing style.
Mr. Lu Xun once praised "Historical Records", saying that "historians never sing, leaving Sao without rhyme". The plaque of "Founder of Literature and History" was presented by people in Xucun Village, Zhichuan Town on the eighth day of February, Sima Qian's birthday/KLOC-0, 946.
There are also woodcut couplets erected on these two pillars, which were also presented by them in 198 1. Then, why did Xu Cunren dedicate a card box to Sima Qian alone? In the Han Dynasty, castration and beheading belonged to the same level, and copying the whole door to implicate the nine clans was its cure.
The descendants of Sima Qian fled their homes in order to avoid this disaster. Ran to the deep mountain near Zhichuan, changed his name and surname, and lived a secluded life.
They separated the word Sima and used "Si" and "Ma" as "Tong" and "Feng" respectively, so they shared the same surname with Feng in their new house. Sima two people take Xu as their surname, suggesting that Yu two people.
Because.
3. The composition about Sima Qian's shrine walks in Hancheng, temples and pavilions, the former residence of the palace, and there are many historical sites. Pine and cypress also exudes an ancient and elegant atmosphere, which is intriguing. I always thought that its massiness originated from Sima Qian. Anyone who comes to Hancheng will not miss visiting Sima Temple.
From Hancheng Zhichuan Town to the east, walk along a broad and bright asphalt avenue and cross the houses on both sides, and you will suddenly see the light. Looking south, a high mountain stands tall, with lush cypresses, and a looming temple lies in the arms of cypresses.
Walking through the zhixiu ancient bridge, a tall brick and wood archway came into view. The powerful Chinese character "Sima Temple of Han Taishi" shines brightly. Stepping on the road paved with bluestone, and then stepping on more than ten steps, it is the main entrance. The door plaque is a line of official script "Tomb of Sima Qian Temple of Han Taishi", with elegant font style and noble atmosphere. Entering the gate, the path paved with bluestone twists and turns until it reaches the top of the mountain. The pine trees along the road are tall and straight, towering into the sky, and the crisp chirping of tits among pine and cypress brings silence to the mountains.
4. Sima Qian's epitaph Sima Qian's tomb was built in Yongjia four years in the Western Jin Dynasty (AD 3 10). As a national key cultural relic,/kloc-0 was overhauled in 1957, and its appearance was completely new. Visitors to Hancheng must first visit the tomb of Sima Qian, a world cultural celebrity. Climbing to the top of Sima Po, there is a carved dragon painting building in front of you and a towering cypress beside you. The scenery is charming. There is the surging Yellow River in the east, the majestic Liangshan Mountain in the west, the Great Wall of Wei in the south and the flowing water in the north. 1958, Guo Moruo, an archaeologist and poet, wrote a poem for Sima Temple, which was inscribed on the Xinli stone tablet. The poem says, "There is a beautiful dragon in Longmen and a dragon in Yu Zhong. Unprecedented wealth of knowledge and excellent articles. Compassion is like an axe, iridium, and breath is like a neon. If you pursue your father, you will be a great historian. " There is a plaque of "the founder of literature and history" in the front hall, which was given by the descendants of Sima Qian in the early years of the Republic of China. Xucun, a rabbit town 5 kilometers away from Sima Qian's ancestral temple, is Sima Qian's hometown, and there are many historical sites in the village. Xucun is mainly composed of families with the same surname as Feng, and has been called the descendant of Sima Qian for thousands of years. It is said that Feng is a descendant of Sima Lin, the eldest son of Sima Qian, and Tong is a descendant of Sima Guan, the second son of Sima Qian. Two surnames are like a family, but they never get married. A few years ago, a reporter came to interview and asked them what their surnames were. The answer is: Sima Qian was imprisoned and had to change his surname so as not to implicate his children. Why did you change your surname to "Feng" and "Tong"? Answer: When Sima Qian was unlucky, a well-meaning person tipped him off and told him to go back to his hometown. The words "Tong" and "Feng" are homophones of "Tong" and "Feng", and also include the original surnames "Si" and "Ma". Not only Feng and Tong are proud of the glorious monuments of their ancestors, but the whole Hancheng people are also proud of Sima Qian. In memory of this cultural celebrity, Worry-Free Taishi Street was built in the urban area. In the square at the west end of the street, stands a bronze statue of Sima Qian.
5. Poetry of Hancheng historic site, linked to Hancheng Taishi Temple.
The first part: integrity, leaving the general arrogant;
Part two: I am worried and angry. I am writing a history of faith.
Three thousand Li holds a lonely minister, and the snow cellar is frozen, and half-life returns to his hometown;
In the nineteenth year of a foreign country, the state of Wei ended, and several people came here to regret sealing Hou.
Hua Yue three peaks stand on the threshold;
The Yellow River bends nine times.
At this highest point, the scenery of Qin and Shu can be seen in a glance;
Why bother to leave the near and seek the far? Five words have exhausted the poetry of Song and Yuan Dynasties.
In eighteen years, there was no wave in the ancient well, which is unique to such a fierce woman as Jeong Won;
The Millennium Cold Kiln went to Japan, looked at Qujiang quicksand and wanted to see Bingxin.
Guo Moruo wrote an inscription for Sima Qian Temple:
"Longmen wit, hammer yu is a dragon. Unprecedented academic training and outstanding articles. Compassion is like an axe, and breath is like a neon. If you pursue your father, you will be a great historian. "
Hancheng readme:
Shi Gong decided to be Kun in one sentence; Albizia Albizia on both sides of the Yellow River.
Hancheng No.1 Middle School Federation:
From mountain to water, from humanity; Bells, bells, reading.
That's all. It took me some time to find someone to type. I hope you are satisfied.
6. About Sima Qian's "Couplets Collection", "The integrity is not correct, and the remaining will be proud."
You are worried about me and angry, writing the glory of history. "This is a typical couplet praising Sima Qian, and it is also a famous couplet written in Sima Qian Temple in Hancheng.
Although the author of this couplet can no longer be tested, it is an excellent summary and praise for Sima Qian's life. In the couplet, it is written that Sima Qian's character is upright and upright, and he has to submit to humiliation in order to become a history book. Finally, he shines the light of history on future generations, and he is even more famous in history.
"A generation of monarchies hurt the silkworm room, and the thousand-year history goes back to Longmen." This couplet, sponsored by Pu Songling, also describes the fate of Sima Qian's life and his immortal achievements.
It means that although Sima Qian was imprisoned, he endured humiliation and made great efforts to write a book, and wrote a historical masterpiece "Historical Records" with the pen of a thousand years of history. Silkworm house refers to the place where prisoners who have just been castrated are held.
"Endure humiliation, penetrate history, choose words and make sentences, write spring and autumn, and write last words; Seek truth from facts, distinguish between right and wrong, explore mystery, preserve truth and discard falsehood, interpret life and death, and be a hero. " This is a couplet written by Yu Zhenyu in Sima Qian's shrine, which also describes Sima Qian's tragic fate and great achievements in forbearing to write books.