Li Qingzhao
Li Qingzhao (March 13, 1084 - May 12, 1155), a native of the Song Dynasty, was the most famous female poet in Chinese history. Called himself Jushi Yi.
In 1084, Li Qingzhao was born in Mingshui Town, Zhangqiu, Qizhou (now Zhangqiu City, Jinan City, Shandong Province) in the Northern Song Dynasty (in 2004, Professor Xu Beiwen, after research, wrote an article saying: Li Qingzhao’s native place should be from Qizhou Lixia , who is now a native of Licheng District, Jinan City, but has never settled in Jinan in his life). His father, Li Gefei, was a Jinshi and served as a member of the Ministry of Rites. He was a very famous writer at that time. He was highly appreciated by Su Shi, a great figure in the literary world at that time, and they often communicated with each other through articles. Her mother, the Wang family, was from a famous family. Her great-grandfather Wang Jingtu and great-grandfather Wang Zan were both awarded Jinshi. Her grandfather Wang Zhun was granted the title of Duke of Han Dynasty. Her maternal grandfather Wang Gui was Zhongshu Shengpingzhangshi during the reign of Emperor Shenzong of the Song Dynasty in Xining and Yuanfeng. Shangshu Zuopushe was a prime minister who was in charge of important matters in the country, and was named Qi Guogong. "History of the Song Dynasty: Biography of Li Gefei" by Shanxi Literature mistakenly stated that Li Qingzhao's mother, Wang, was the granddaughter of Prince Yike Gongchen.
In 1101, when Li Qingzhao was 18 years old, she married Zhao Mingcheng, a student from Zhucheng who was three years older than her. Zhao is from the Jinshi family. The couple lived a stable and prosperous life in the early stage, and their poems often wrote about the resentment of the boudoir or the longing for the traveling husband, such as "Proud of the Fisherman", "Fate may be intentional, so I teach the bright moon to the exquisite land. *** The green ants sink in the bounty bottle, Don't quit being drunk, these words will not be compared to other flowers." He moved to Qingzhou in 1107. In 1127, the Jin soldiers captured Qingzhou, and Li Qingzhao and her husband crossed south to Jiangning. When traveling to Zhenjiang, Zhang Yu was trapped in Zhenjiang Mansion. Qian Boyan, the defender of Zhenjiang, abandoned the city and fled. In the spring of the second year of Jianyan (1128), Li Qingzhao arrived at Jiangning Mansion.
After crossing south, the poet's life was difficult. In the third year of Jianyan's reign, Zhao Mingcheng went alone to take office as the governor of Huzhou. In 1129, when her husband died in Jiankang on the 18th day of the eighth lunar month, Li Qingzhao paid tribute to him: "In the middle of the day, I lamented Pang Weng's agility; the strong city fell on its own, and I felt deep sorrow for Qi Fu." In the first year of Shaoxing (1131) ) in March, he went to Vietnam (today's Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province), where his paintings and calligraphy were stolen overnight from the home of the native Zhong family. All the ancient epigraphic scrolls she and her husband had collected were lost, which devastated her. Her writing turned to worry about reality. Therefore, after experiencing the destruction of her country, her family, and her old age, her emotional tone turned to sadness and depression, such as " "Slow voice" "Looking and searching, deserted and miserable."
Li Qingzhao’s later life was quite desolate. Introduction to Li Qingzhao: It is said that he once remarried Zhang Ruzhou, but they divorced soon after and even went to court for it. He died around 1155 (previously there were different reports such as 1151 and 1156). Lu You's "Mrs. Sun's Epitaph" "Mrs. was young and kind. Therefore, Zhao Jiankang Mingcheng married Li, a famous literati, and wanted to pass on his knowledge to his wife. At that time, the wife was only more than ten years old. She could not thank her, saying: 'cai. It's not a woman's business. 'Sun was ten years old in the 21st year of Shaoxing (1151). It can be seen that Li Qingzhao died after 1151.
According to "Song History·Yiwenzhi". It is said that Li Qingzhao has seven volumes of "Collected Works of Yi'an" and eight volumes of "Yi'an Ci", but the existing collection of "Shuyu Ci" contains about fifty poems.
Li Qingzhao. The styles of his early and later works are very different. Before the Song Dynasty moved south, Li Qingzhao lived a happy life. His works were enthusiastic, lively, bright and innocent. They mostly wrote about the carefree life of girls and the separation and lovesickness after marriage, fully expressing the feelings of women in the Song Dynasty. After the crossing, her husband died of illness and the country collapsed, all of which were reflected in his poems. Li Qingzhao wrote mostly about the pain of being displaced, the sadness of being alone, the lingering misery, and the deep sadness.
Li Qingzhao
In his early period, Li Qingzhao's style of writing was graceful and subtle. In his later years, due to the pain of losing his country, his family, and the loss of his husband, his style of writing became lonely and miserable. He was good at harmonious music and rhythm. Line drawings are delicate in description, vivid in image, appropriate in metaphor, and appropriate in allusion. He makes good use of overlapping words, refrains, and couplets. He likes to use plain words and ordinary language in his lyrics, which is simple and natural.
Li Qingzhao. She was very strict about the boundaries of poetry. In "On Ci", she put forward the idea that "Ci is not a family", advocating that Ci must be elegant, harmonious, descriptive, and classic. Li Qingzhao pushed the graceful Ci school. At the same time, by describing personal sufferings, it reflects the historical tragedy of the entire country and nation at the turn of the Song Dynasty, creating the characteristics of the "Yi'an style" style: using common language in lyrics; the style is sad and pathos; suave and husband-like. Qi.
Zhu Xi, who was also from the Song Dynasty, said: "The only women in this dynasty who can write are Mrs. Wei and Li Yian. Later generations' evaluation of Li Qingzhao's achievements went further. For example, Yang Shen clearly stated: "Li Yian is also known as the best lyricist among Song people." Shen Zengzhi described the artistic charm of Li Qingzhao as: "Those who fall in love are intoxicated by its fragrance, and their thoughts fly. Those who admire his divine horse". Zheng Zhenduo also highly praised Li Qingzhao, but called him a "poet": "Li Qingzhao is the greatest female poet in the Song Dynasty and the greatest female poet in the history of Chinese literature...like her Such words can be said to be unprecedented in terms of artistic conception and style."
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