What is the "three rural issues"? Farmers suffer, rural areas are poor and agriculture is in danger.
The problems of agriculture, countryside and farmers are the biggest problems in China, and they are also a long-term problem. It has always been the most important issue for leaders, but it is also a long-standing issue.
What is the root of the three rural issues? The lack of farmers' subjectivity, that is, the trend of "market untouchables, social refugees and political poor" has not changed.
I don't need to explain the above questions and answers. You should basically agree.
And this question: what is the root of the three rural issues? The author said: it is elite autocracy.
This answer, it is estimated that you may not agree!
In China, the author may be the first person to publicly call for "equal national treatment for farmers" in the mass media. 16 years ago, the author gave a widely spread speech, Institutional Factors of Farmers' Poverty, and analyzed how more than a dozen unreasonable systems led to farmers' poverty. Now reading this speech, I strongly feel the great progress in China's current system construction and the great changes in the issues concerning agriculture, countryside and farmers. However, the reality and present situation that the issues concerning agriculture, countryside and farmers are still the biggest persistent problems have not changed at all!
In China, the system is not only formulated by the elite, but also modified by the elite, and basically has nothing to do with farmers. Some people will argue that "dividing fields and going it alone" is a system created by farmers! I'm sorry, farmers created the "contract responsibility system with joint production", and "dividing fields and going it alone" was imposed on farmers by elites, insisting that it was invented by farmers. "Contract responsibility system for joint production" and "dividing fields and going it alone" are not the same thing, with a difference of 108,000 miles.
The author said, "When reading the institutional factors of farmers' poverty, we can strongly feel the great progress of institutional construction in China". Don't misunderstand me. I don't think the problem of farmers' "institutional poverty" has disappeared. I think it is still very serious, but its form and content keep pace with the times.
For example, if farmers' land is requisitioned as construction land, only tens of thousands of yuan will be compensated for one mu of land, but after expropriation, millions of yuan can be mortgaged in the bank. Farmers can't earn this money! If farmers are not satisfied, the compensation for land acquisition will be increased at most. However, farmers' land cannot be "transformed from agriculture to non-agriculture" independently, and it will not be developed independently according to regulations.
Another example is: a large number of construction land or factories in industrial parks in cities are idle, and the government does not "tap the potential" to revitalize the existing land and assets in cities, but further forcibly plans the most scarce collective construction land in rural areas into urban parks or communities (further idle), resulting in a high scarcity of construction land needed for rural development, and even young couples have no basic rights to obtain homesteads and settle down.
Another example: farmers' collective construction land was "collected and stored" by the government at a price of tens of thousands of yuan per mu. When farmers need a lot of collective construction land for rural revitalization, they need to pay hundreds of thousands or hundreds of thousands of yuan to buy back an acre.
Another example is: urban people engage in financial innovation unimpeded, while farmers engage in the most primitive "mutual fund assistance" within their village cooperatives, but they have been discussing it for decades and are not allowed to do it so far! However, "mutual aid of funds" is one of the most basic rights of vulnerable groups. It is not allowed to hurt anyone and class, only to enhance the ability to avoid exploitation!
For another example, raising pigs has become a profiteering industry, and farmers are forbidden to enter or re-enter but cannot enter.
For another example, many places have become wetland reserves on paper, and local people have been banned from fishing for generations. It has been forbidden for generations to raise pigs, cattle, ducks and geese. No official has answered the most fundamental question: What do people in wetland reserves eat? Some local officials said at the conference: it is an old concept to rely on mountains to eat water, and you need to find your own market to eat! What a powerful official! I feel that he will come back one day!
In addition, farmers have worked hard in farming and voluntary labor (farmland water conservancy, reservoir construction, river regulation, third-line projects, etc.). ) for a lifetime, but when you are old, there will be no retirement salary, no social security, no medical insurance, and your child will die!
Another example: 20 16 said that "no matter how the rural reform is changed, the collective ownership of land cannot be changed", which is the bottom line. But what is the truth? Rural reform is still on the track of abolishing collective ownership of land and collective economy.
Another example: land can not only grow crops, but also "plant" factories and "plant" houses. The income from planting crops is one tenth or one percent of the income from "planting" factories and houses. Farmers can grow crops, but it is almost impossible to "plant" factories and houses. This was not the case in the 1980s, but it is now. What does this mean?
Elite autocracy has its own characteristics, such as revitalizing rural collective construction land (including homestead), which is to empower farmers. Good thing! The idea of farmers is that central villages and remote villages independently "exchange land" or "increase or decrease land", and each village concentrates on construction land to jointly develop parks or communities independently, and independently "plant" factories and houses to make money. The elite's idea is to "store" farmers' collective construction land in urban development zones at low prices and build houses, schools and hospitals. Force farmers to buy houses, study and see a doctor in the city, so that farmers can live a good life like people in the city. The biggest feature of elite autocracy is that "the ass decides the head", and the institutional progress beneficial to farmers must be realized at an extra cost! The right to rely on the elite to give alms to farmers is always the right to "sell it to you and let you count the money".
Reading the fourteenth five-year plan makes people excited; Listen, don't forget that your oath to take the initiative to remember your mission makes people cry!
In 2004, it was said that it was necessary to supplement agriculture with industry and rural areas with cities! 16 years have passed, how about it? The 14th Five-Year Plan also said the same thing. Can it be realized? Although a considerable number of elites come from rural areas, it is impossible to have a real peasant position. If we don't change the elite autocratic national governance system, no matter how much money the central government spends, we can't solve the problems of agriculture, countryside and farmers. The key to solving the problems of agriculture, countryside and farmers is to let farmers be masters of their own affairs.
Of course, rights don't depend on charity, and the rights given to you will be taken away. Can elite autocracy be changed? Unlikely, right? Can we transform the elite? It seems unlikely, right? Solving the problems of agriculture, countryside and farmers is actually our initial intention and mission. Don't forget your initiative, it's really difficult to remember his mission.