Southern Song Dynasty
Author Fan Chengda
content
Tilling during the day, numb at night,
The children in the village are responsible for their own affairs.
Children and grandchildren have not been liberated to engage in farming and textile,
And learn to grow melons in the shade of mulberry trees.
[Notes]
1. Miscellaneous interest: a poem written at will, with no fixed theme.
2. Farming: weeding.
3. Achievements of hemp: Twisting hemp into thread.
4. Responsible for each other: Everyone has a certain job.
5. Unsolved: I don't understand.
6. Provide: engage and participate.
[Brief analysis]
Pastoral Miscellanies of Four Seasons is a group of large-scale family poems written by the poet after he retired from his hometown. There are 60 poems in total, which describe the rural scenery and farmers' life in spring, summer, autumn and winter, and also reflect the exploitation and hardship of farmers. This is one of them, which describes a scene of rural summer life.
The first sentence "Going out to farm during the day, getting hemp at night" means: weeding in the field during the day and rubbing hemp thread at night. "Tillage" means weeding. In early summer, the seedlings need weeding. This is what men should do. "Ji Ma" refers to women who rub twine and weave cloth at night after finishing other work during the day. This sentence directly wrote the labor scene. The second sentence "the children in the village mind their own affairs" refers to men and women. The whole poem uses the tone of an old farmer, and "children" refers to young people. "Being in charge" means that both men and women are not allowed to be idle and mind their own business. In the third sentence, "children and grandchildren are not prepared for farming and weaving", and "children and grandchildren" refer to those children who can neither farm nor weave, but are not idle. They have been in contact with and love labor since childhood, so they "learn to grow melons under the shade of mulberry trees" and learn to grow melons under the lush mulberry trees. This is a common phenomenon in rural areas, but it is quite distinctive. The conclusion shows the naive interest of rural children.
With a fresh style, the poet described the tense labor atmosphere in the early summer in the countryside in a more delicate way, which made it interesting to read.
▲ Four Seasons Pastoral Miscellany (Part Two)
Southern Song Dynasty
Author Fan Chengda
content
Plums are golden, apricots are fat,
The wheat is gray and the cauliflower is thin.
No one crossed the long fence,
Only dragonflies and butterflies can fly.
[Notes]
1 plum: the fruit of plum tree ripens in summer and can be eaten.
② Wheat flower: buckwheat flower. Buckwheat is a kind of food crop, which can be sown in spring and autumn, and its growth period is very short. Flowers are white or reddish, and fruits are ground into powder to eat.
3 Hedge fall: Hedge fall. Something covered with bamboo or branches.
(4) jiá butterfly: butterfly.
[Brief analysis]
A plum tree becomes golden, and the apricots grow bigger and bigger; Buckwheat flowers are white and rape flowers are sparse. After a long time, the farmers were busy working in the fields and didn't go home until noon. No one walked in front of the door. Only dragonflies and butterflies fly around the fence.
This poem is about the rural scenery of Jiangnan in early summer. In the poem, plums are yellow, apricots are fat, wheat is white, and cauliflower is sparse, which describes the characteristics of rural scenery in the south in summer, with rich flowers and fruits and tangible colors. The third sentence of the poem describes the situation of farmers' labor from the side: in early summer, farmers are busy with farming, so they go out early and return late, so they rarely see pedestrians during the day. The last sentence uses "only dragonflies and butterflies are flying" to set off the silence in the village, which makes it even quieter.
▲ [Introduction to the author]
Fan Chengda (1126 ~1193) is full of energy and is also a well-known young man and friend. He is a Buddhist in the mountains and a Buddhist in Shihu. Wu Jun (now Wu County, Jiangsu Province) was born. Joined Yang Wanli as a scholar. At first he was a local official, and later he took part in politics. He sent an envoy to the state of Jin and returned home unscathed. In his later years, he lived in seclusion in Shihu. He is a patriotic poet and has written many pastoral poems. His poetic language is fresh and natural, and his style is gentle and euphemistic. Together with You Mao, Lu You and Yang Wanli, they are called "the four great poets of the Southern Song Dynasty".
Picking diamonds, wasting plows and hoes,
Blood refers to blood flow, and ghosts are dry.
Unable to buy fields and talk about growing water,
Recently, the lake has also collected rent!
Charter a boat and wait for the warehouse to open.
These particles are as white as pearls.
Don't hesitate to win or lose,
Still won, the chaff and the core are children!
Tilling during the day, numb at night,
The children in the village are responsible for their own affairs.
Children and grandchildren have not been liberated to engage in farming and textile,
And learn to grow melons in the shade of mulberry trees.
Plums are golden, apricots are fat,
The wheat is gray and the cauliflower is thin.
No one crossed the long fence,
Only dragonflies and butterflies can fly.
The blackbird jumped into the forest,
From Qianshan to Chaifei.
When a child swims like a leaf,
Weave the blue duck formation alone and come back.
Fan Chengda (1126-1193)
Poets in Southern Song Dynasty. The word intelligence is called Shi Hu lay man. Wu Jun (now Suzhou, Jiangsu) was born. Shaoxing was a scholar in the 24th year (1 154). He used to be a senior official. The main road has been known for four years (1 168). The following year, he was appointed as an official of the Ministry of Rites and a living person. In six years, he sent a special envoy to the state of Jin, and returned home in full without fear of violence. Later, I worked as a magistrate in Jingjiang, an ambassador in Anfu, Guangxi, and an ambassador in Sichuan, and all of them had political achievements. In five years (1 178), Xi Chun was appointed as a political commissar, but only two months later, he was removed from office. Xichun nine years (1 182), retired to Shihu.
Fan Chengda is a scholar-bureaucrat who cares about state affairs, is diligent in government affairs and sympathizes with people's sufferings. His poems were influenced by Jiangxi poetry school in the early days, and later got rid of Jiangxi poetry school. Influenced by Su Shi the most. The poetic style is graceful, round and elegant. Among them, poems describing rural life and reflecting farmers' sufferings have the highest achievements. In his later years, he wrote 60 poems, which were divided into five groups: spring, late spring, summer, autumn and winter, and widely described all aspects of rural life. This is his masterpiece of pastoral poetry. At the same time, this poem is full of patriotic thoughts and feelings. Autumn in Two Farewells, Rouge Well and Hejiang Pavilion criticized the fatuous behavior of the Southern Song rulers by describing the beauty of the mountains and rivers of the motherland. In particular, 72 quatrains chanting for the mountains, rivers and historical sites in the Central Plains written when he was in the State of Jin reflected the tragic experience of the people under the aristocratic rule of the State of Jin and expressed their desire to recover lost land. Such as "State Bridge": "The north and south of the State Bridge are Tianjie, and the elders drive back every year. She asked the messenger with tears: When will the Sixth Army really come? " Fan Chengda's prose and prose are very famous. Such as "Guilin Mid-Autumn Festival Fu", "Guanwa Palace Fu" and "Memories of Three Great Ancestors". He is also good at writing words and has saved nearly a hundred words. There are many words about lovesickness parting in the early days. His later works were bold and vigorous, and his ci style was close to that of Su Shi. The more famous ones are Partridge Sky (silver mink little Khitan) and Water Turn (decades of details).