Author: Li Bai
A bright moon rises from Qilian Mountain and crosses the vast sea of clouds.
The mighty wind blew Wan Li and crossed Yumen Pass.
At that time, Han soldiers pointed at the mountain road, and Tubo coveted the vast territory of Qinghai.
This is a land of wars in past dynasties, and few soldiers can survive.
The garrison soldier looked at the remote border town, and his hometown could not help but look sad.
The soldier's wife looked at the tower and lamented when she would see her relatives far away.
Precautions:
Guan Shanyue: the title of Yuefu Hengchui Song. Deng Bai: Today there is a Deng Bai in the east of Datong. Liu Bang, the emperor gaozu of Han Dynasty, led an army against Xiongnu and was besieged for seven days.
(1) Guan Shanyue: Ancient Yuefu poems, expressing feelings of parting and sadness.
② Tianshan Mountain: refers to Qilian Mountain, located at the junction of Qinghai and Gansu provinces.
③ Yumenguan: In the west of Dunhuang, Gansu, it is the main road leading to the western regions in ancient times.
④ Baden: Deng Baishan, in the northeast of Datong City today. Xiongnu once besieged Liu Bang here. Hu: This refers to Tubo. Peep: Have intention.
⑤ Garrison: Soldiers stationed in the frontier. Border town: also called "border color". "Border town" generally refers to border areas in ancient times.
6. Tall buildings: In ancient poetry, tall buildings are often called boudoir, referring to the wives of soldiers guarding the border.
Translation:
The towering Tianshan Mountains, the vast sea of clouds, a bright moon pouring silver. The mighty Changfeng, after several Wan Li mountain passes, came to the border where the garrison soldiers were stationed. Emperor Gaozu sent troops to Deng Bai for Xiongnu, and Tubo coveted a large area of rivers and mountains in Qinghai. In these places where people have fought for generations, few people are lucky to be alive. The soldiers guarding the border look up at the border town and feel homesick. On this bright night, the wife of Huaifu, who is looking at the moon on the high building, is also sighing frequently. When will you come back, distant relatives?
Rhyme translation:
The bright moon rises from Qilian Mountain and floats gently in the confused sea of clouds.
Changfeng set off dust and sand and swept through Wan Li, and Yumenguan was closed by layers of wind and sand.
Baden Road is full of flags of the Han army, but Green Bay is the place where the Hu people peep.
Since ancient times, fighters have never seen anyone alive in this place where they fought and killed.
Who doesn't frown and want to go home when the recruiter guarding the border faces the reality?
Tonight, the four couples and concubines in the high building should sigh without sleep.
Explanation:
Li Bai (70 1-762), the word Taibai, was a famous violet layman, whose ancestral home was Ji Cheng in Longxi (now Qin Andong, Gansu), and a famous poet in the Tang Dynasty. Li Bai Tianbao entered Chang 'an in his early years and was recommended to Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, pending a letter to the Hanlin. After wandering the Jianghu, Wang Yong hired Li Lin as his assistant. He failed to arise and exiled Yelang (in present-day Guizhou Province). He was pardoned on the way. When he arrived in Dangtu, he lived in Lee, and only a few people died.
Although the national strength of the Tang Dynasty was strong, the dust war on the border never stopped. Li Bai's Guan Shanyue is a masterpiece, which reflects the worries of countless soldiers guarding the border and their women in the rear. The work begins with the description of the unique scenery of the frontier fortress, describing the cruelty of war and the sadness of lovesickness of husband and wife, and expressing the poet's good wishes for the safety of the country and people.
"The bright moon rises from the mountains in the sky, in the infinite haze of the sea of clouds. Thousands of miles to the wind, blowing Yumenguan battlements. " Changfeng, Mingyue, Tianshan and Yumenguan are all unique to the northwest frontier. It is precisely by grasping these unique scenes that the poet shows us a vast picture of frontier fortress. "Tianshan Mountain" and "Bright Moon" rise above and walk through the clouds; "Yumenguan" and "Changfeng" span tens of thousands of miles and blow several times. The specific scenery defines the foothold of the poet's writing, in the northwest frontier; Define time, it is the night at the border. Anyone who knows a little about history knows that to the west of Yumenguan, all previous dynasties were frontier fortress, which was the place where foreign nations fought with the Central Plains. Therefore, in people's consciousness, it has long been synonymous with "frontier". Unless it is a "bright moon", it is difficult to photograph it. Unless it is a "long wind", it is impossible to "wind". Thousands of garrison soldiers are far away from home and fighting in the depths of this frontier desert. What they can see is the bright moon crossing the boundless sea of clouds on the Tianshan Mountains, and what they can feel is the wind blowing from the distant mainland, full of crazy sandstorms. Imagine, in Wan Li, a frontier fortress far from home, in the vast desolate sand sea, how can those who guard the frontier not arouse deep homesickness? Therefore, on the surface, the poet is gazing at and feeling the vast frontier picture of the moonlight in Tianshan Mountain and the Changfeng in Yumen with the senses of the soldiers guarding the border, but between the lines, there is a sense of infinite sadness of the soldiers guarding the border and their families.
The purpose of the poet's description at the beginning of his work is not to write a scene simply for the sake of writing a scene, but to describe a broad battle background and fully render and pave the way for the feelings caused by writing a full moon. For more appreciation of Tang poetry, please pay attention to Guo Xuexi's 300 Tang poems in Gutang. com。
"China's army marched along Deng Bai Road, while the Tatar army peeped in the blue waters of the bay. Because there is no famous battle in history that sent all the soldiers back. " Judging from the contents of these four poems, the poet once again described the war; From the perspective of structure and function, it plays a connecting role, and the content of the writing has changed from the scenery in the first four sentences to the cruelty of war in these four sentences. "China's army marched along Deng Bai Road, while Tatar's army peeped in the blue waters of the bay" is about the long war. "Down" means soldier. Emperor gaozu Liu Bangling led an army to conquer the Huns and was besieged by the Huns in Deng Bai for seven days. The Green Bay area is a place where Tang Jun and Tubo fought for years. This tells people that the war here has never stopped since the Han Dynasty. "And because there is no famous battle in history to send all its soldiers back" describes the cruelty of war, which means that the border guards who went to the battlefield have not come back alive since ancient times. These are the cruel battle scenes printed in the first four natural scenes of the vast frontier. It can be seen that the first four sentences are the poet's real intention.
The soldiers turned around and looked at the border (border town), thinking of their hometown with eager eyes. And those rooms above tonight, tossing and turning, sighing, can't rest. ""The soldiers turned around and looked at the border ",that is, the soldiers guarding the border looked at the moonlight scenery at the border, which led to homesickness; "Those people upstairs tonight," that is to say, the wife in the boudoir must be sighing for missing her husband. From the content point of view, these four poems are about "keeping guests" and his wife's homesickness; From the perspective of structure and function, The Soldiers Looking Back at the Border Pass and The Man Who Went to the House Tonight take care of the opening scenery, while Thinking about Home and The Man Who Tosses and turns deeply reveal the themes of the works.
On the whole, the poem "Guan Shanyue" puts people's homesickness in the broad frontier background, which is magnificent and tragic. From the subtle point of view, the language is simple and natural, maintaining a strong folk flavor.
Comments:
This poem describes the scenery of frontier fortress, the experience of garrison soldiers, the pain of turning to garrison soldiers and the homesickness of women. The description at the beginning is for rendering, paving the way for the back, and the focus is on the feelings caused by the moon.
"Guan Shanyue" is an old topic in Yuefu. An Interpretation of Yuefu Ancient Poems: "'Guan Shanyue' grieves for his death." This poem of Li Bai inherits the ancient Yuefu in content, but it has been greatly improved.
The first four sentences can be said to be a vast frontier fortress picture containing three elements: Guan, Shan and Yue. In general literary works, we often see descriptions such as "the moon rises from the East China Sea" or "the moon rises from the East Mountain", and Tianshan seems to be the place where the moon sets in the west of China. Why do you say "the bright moon rises from the mountain in the sky"? It turns out that this is from the perspective of recruiting people. Looking back at the east, you can see the bright moon rising from Tianshan Mountain. Although Tianshan Mountain is not close to the sea, it is opposite to the sea of clouds. The poet combines the vast sea of clouds and the majestic Tianshan Mountains, which seems to be more common only after crossing the sea, and it is fresh and spectacular. Such a realm may be unsustainable in the face of ordinary poets with weak talents, but Li Bai is full of pen power. Next, "and the wind comes from thousands of miles, hitting Yumenguan battlements" is broader than the previous two sentences. Yang Qixian in the Song Dynasty seems to be afraid of problems with Wan Li, saying, "Tianshan Mountain is not too far from Yumenguan, but those who talk about Wan Li are like the moon from Tianshan Mountain, not from Tianshan Mountain." It seems safe to explain "Wan Li" with the imaginary distance from the bright moon to Yumenguan, but Li Bai is talking about the length of "Changfeng", not the distance from the bright moon to the earth. In fact, these two sentences are still from the perspective of the garrison. Standing in the moonlight on the northwest border, the foot soldiers looked at their homeland, feeling that the wind was mighty, as if crossing the Central Plains of Wan Li and Yumenguan. If we relate it with the poem "Autumn wind blows my heart to the jade gate forever" in Li Bai's Midnight Wu Ge, the meaning of this poem will be more clear. In this way, combined with the above description, it is characterized by Changfeng, Yue Ming, Tianshan and Yumenguan, forming the frontier fortress map of Wan Li. On the surface, it seems that only natural scenery is written here, but as long as you put yourself in the other's shoes, it is easy to feel the feeling of missing the countryside.
"China's army marched along Deng Bai Road, while the Tatar army peeped in the blue waters of the bay. Because there is no famous battle in history that sent all the soldiers back. " This is a battle scene superimposed on the first four vast frontier natural scenes. Next, point out the soldiers. Liu Bang, Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty, led troops to levy the Xiongnu and was besieged by the Xiongnu for seven days in Deng Bai (now Datong West). The Green Bay area is a place where Tang Jun and Tubo fought for years. The endless wars of past dynasties made it almost impossible for soldiers who had never gone to war to see anyone alive in their hometown. These four sentences play a connecting role in the structure, describing the transformation object from frontier fortress to war and from war to garrison.
The soldiers turned and looked at the border, thinking of home with longing eyes. And those rooms above tonight, tossing and turning, sighing, can't rest. "The soldiers looked at the scene of the border, thinking of their hometown, and their faces were full of sadness. They speculate that in this vast moonlit night, the wife in the tall building will never stop sighing. The word "looking at the frontier" seems to be casually written in Li Bai's works, but it closely links Wan Li's frontier fortress and battle scenes with "guarding the guests". What you see is so vast and distant. The soldiers' thinking and imagination of women in tall buildings, as well as their sighs, are particularly profound in such a broad background.
Looking at the endless ethnic conflicts in the ancient frontier, the poet revealed the great sacrifices brought by the war and the pain brought to countless expropriated people and their families, but did not simply condemn or praise the war. The poet seems to be thinking about the heavy price paid by generations for this! Faced with such contradictions, poets, recruiters and even readers can easily arouse a desire. This desire is not directly expressed in the poem, but the idea that "a soldier is a sharp weapon, but a saint has to use it" (The Battle of the South) is easy for readers to produce when reading this work.
The feeling of leaving others and thinking about women is often delicate and too sad in the works of ordinary poets, and correspondingly, the realm is often narrow. But Li Bai used "the bright moon hanging high in the sky, the vast sea of clouds." The wind, thousands of miles, blowing Yumenguan battlements "Wan Li frontier fortress figure caused this feeling. Only a broad-minded person like Li Bai can write like this. Hu Yinglin commented in the Ming Dynasty: "Among the Hunxiong, several are elegant." If "leisure and elegance" is understood as not limited to a certain moment, but having broader and calmer thinking, then his comments are very appropriate. Taking the vast space-time as the background, and combining the homesickness and parting feelings in this kind of thinking, it develops a far-reaching artistic conception, which is beyond the reach of other poets.