The poet Li Bai said in "Into the Wine": "Look at how the water of the Yellow River moves out of heaven and into the ocean, and it will never return." There is a saying in China that "water never turns back when it reaches the East China Sea". But the water in Qiantang River is not. Every August, I will take advantage of its beautiful scenery to return to my mother's home from the East China Sea. When she came back, she had an extraordinary momentum. This is really the most spectacular sight in the world. From the emperor to the common people, we should take a sneak peek.
The Qiantang River has a long history of tidal observation, which has been recorded in literature for more than 2,000 years, and was the most prosperous in the Song Dynasty. Now tidal testing is in Haining, Zhejiang, but in Song Dynasty, tidal testing resort was in Lin 'an, which is today's Hangzhou. Lin 'an, the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty, held a tide-watching ceremony on August 18th of the lunar calendar every year. There are naval exercises before the tide, and there are Wudi youths bidding for performances when the tide comes. On that day, people in the imperial court rushed to watch it, which was very lively.
At the beginning of "Watching Tide", Zhou Mi used the technique of exaggeration to begin with the phrase "The Tide in Zhejiang is a magnificent scenery in the world", and then from far to near, he wrote the scene when the spring tide came. When the tide rises from Haikou in the distance, it is as thin as a "silver line". Because of the distance, "hiding half her face in front of us behind her guitar" can only see its general shape and color. Gradually, you will see "the first line of waves is coming", and there is a silver horizontal line moving slowly here, like a lady in a silver skirt coming. At this time, the tide watcher should stand on tiptoe, stretch his neck and look forward to it, like a girl whose family is looking forward to returning from a long marriage. Later, the spring tide is getting closer and closer, and the white waves are sky-high, just like the Jade Castle Snow Mountain. The tide is thunderous and earth-shattering; That momentum is like swallowing the blue sky and washing the sun, which is heroic and unrestrained. It can be said that "the stormy waves are cloudy" (Zheng Yi's Taoist Temple)! The author uses Yang Wanli's poem "Silver in the sea is the country, jade in the river is the waist" to describe the scene when the spring tide comes, which is confirmed by both sides, and is skillfully summarized and made the finishing touch.
The spring tide in Qiantang River has become a wonder of the world, and the wonderful naval exercises have added a beautiful scenery. The author set off the superb martial arts of the naval forces with stormy waves. The naval forces fought bravely against the huge waves, which really made the tide watchers sweat, but there was still a near miss. Song Jun won: the "enemy ship" vanished into thin air and disappeared with the waves. Of course, what is described here is only the idea of entrusting the author to the motherland. When he wrote this article, the Southern Song Dynasty had already perished. The author failed to realize that the Southern Song Emperor settled in a corner of the south of the Yangtze River and regarded Hangzhou as Bianzhou. At that time, naval exercises were just for viewing, not from actual combat. Later, the Yuan Army invaded the south, and thousands of Song Jun warships came into contact with each other, but they were vulnerable. This is the author's limitation.
"The ebb and flow of Xiang Tao stands tall and the red flag is not wet." The thrilling performances of hundreds of playful athletes opened the eyes of the tide watchers and amazed them. Here, the author deliberately depicts that man is the spirit of nature, and the natural scenery is more beautiful because of human activities, which shows the fearless spirit of human beings who dare to fight against nature.
"It's not enough to see the influx of people in Qiantang." More than a dozen miles along the coast, people crowded, cars and horses blocked, and rivers and tides crowded. The article compares the beauty of the river tide with the surge of people, which is really a subtle pen.
Second, explore the bright spots.
1. The first sentence of Watching the Tide says: "The Tide in Zhejiang is a magnificent scenery in the world." What is the function of this sentence in the text? The ancients also called Zhejiang Spring Tide "the wonder of the world". Is this an exaggeration? Why? What is the cause of spring tide in Qiantang River?
Inquiry learning:
The first sentence reveals the description object, points out the theme and prompts the center through rendering. It can be said that the full text focuses on the first sentence. The ancients said that the Qiantang River spring tide was "spectacular", which was realistic and not exaggerated, because this spectacle was unparalleled in the world. There are three main reasons for the formation of the Qiantang River spring tide. First, the mouth of Qiantang River is trumpet-shaped in the sea of Hangzhou Bay, and gradually becomes shallower and narrower inward. The tide flows backward, and the narrow river surface in Neijiang limits the spread of tidal waves, forming a magnificent tidal bore. Every year from August 16th to 18th of the lunar calendar, the spring tide is the highest. Secondly, there is a huge sandbar in the estuary. When the tide rushes in and meets with strong resistance, it will definitely lift the sky. The front wave was suppressed and the back wave rose again. Waves push waves, and waves overlap. The tide naturally surges and growls, coming like an avalanche. The height of tidal head can reach more than 3.5m, and the tidal range can reach 10m. Third, the spring tide is related to the gravity of the moon and the sun. Tide is a periodic fluctuation phenomenon of seawater under the gravity of the moon and the sun. The tide in Qiantang River is mainly caused by ebb tide, so it is also related to the gravity of the moon and the sun.
2. In the essay Watching the Tide, the author described this magnificent scene with sound, shape and color. The focus of the full text is "tide" and the foothold is "view". From what aspects does the author write "Watching the Tide"?
Inquiry learning:
The author writes about watching tide from four aspects: the appearance of tide, the power of soldiers, the skill of making waves and the prosperity of watching tide. The author writes "Rush" from far to near. When it rises in the distance from Haikou, it looks like a silvery white horizontal line. Later, it surged closer and closer, like a jade carving wall and a snowdrift mountain. The high energy of the tide swallowed up the sky and the sun. Exercising Military Power is a wonderful essay, and the author vividly describes the scene of naval exercises in the Southern Song Dynasty. Firstly, the article draws the reader's attention to the array of hundreds of warships, so as to show the grandeur of the water army's training scene, and also to show their martial arts by describing every move of the water army during the training process. The ability to make waves opened the eyes of the audience. "Tattoo" describes the appearance of surfers, "Back to the Front" describes the bravery of surfers, and "Being in Whale Wave Wan Ren" describes the agility of surfers. The stunt of writing "the tail of the flag is not wet" is unusual. The best way to express "watching the tide" is that "the river is more than ten miles up and down, the rocky mountains are full of pearls and jade, and the traffic is blocked." It is unprecedented for the author to express the scale of tide-watching scenes with the distance of "more than ten miles". Write "traffic jam" as many spectators; Write "although the floor is not idle" and say that the tide watchers are extremely crowded.
3. Rendering, contrast and contrast are the three writing skills used by the author in this paper. Please find an example and talk about its function.
Inquiry learning:
"The sound is like thunder, shocking and whipping, swallowing the sky and the sun, and the potential is extremely majestic", which is a "grand view" to render the tides of Qiantang River and enhance the artistic effect. Contrast is also called "foil" and "foil", and the female mouth "everything in the diet is relatively ordinary", which is a grand occasion to foil a large number of people and watch the tide. The contrast of "Wandering in Whale Wave Wan Ren, I am ever-changing, and the flag tail is slightly wet" highlights the extraordinary performance skills of Wuzhong athletes in frolicking.
4. fancy writing can not only attract readers' attention, but also satisfy their curiosity. Where is the singularity in Watching the Tide?
Inquiry learning:
The article wins by strangeness, mainly because of strangeness in form, magic, strangeness in meaning and strangeness in writing. When describing the surging river, the author grasped four characteristics: shape, color, sound and strength. Writing naval exercises is mainly to show their high martial arts and quick movements; It is strange that the colorful flags are not wet, but they are all stunts. As for the scene of watching the tide, there are surprisingly many people who focus on watching the tide.
5. The ancients said: "Rich in ten thousand articles, poor in one word." This shows how important it is to choose words and refine words in writing articles. Try to find some wonderful and appropriate words from the text and talk about their beauty.
Inquiry learning:
The verbs "swallow the sky and endure the sun", "swallow" and "endure" are extremely imposing. The word "Shur" shows the rapid action of the water army. The combination of verbs "Pi", "Wen", "Zhi", "Zheng", "Drum", "Ying", "Chu", "Teng", "Bian" and "Zhan" embodies the dynamic beauty of frolicking. The word "ye" is used to strengthen the positive tone and emphasize that there are many people watching the tide.
6. Watching the Tide depicts both a landscape painting and a genre painting. Find the corresponding paragraph.
Inquiry learning:
1 and 2 paragraphs depict the scenery; The third and fourth paragraphs describe genre painting. Landscape painting and genre painting blend with each other, enriching readers' appreciation interest. Scenery is enhanced by customs, and customs are enriched by scenery, adding humanistic connotation and national characteristics.
Appreciation of tide watching
The tide in Zhejiang (Qiantang River) has been surging, shaking the earth's axis with sound, which has been amazing for a long time. Zhuangzi? The article "Foreign Things" talks about Ren Gongzi's "crouching flat and collecting records, throwing himself into the East China Sea" and "If Bai Bo is a mountain, the sea will fluctuate and ghosts and gods will fear thousands of miles", perhaps referring to the angry tide in Zhejiang. Historical records? The Chronicle of Qin Shihuang also records that in the thirty-seventh year of the first emperor, "Zhejiang is close, and the waves are evil, but it is one hundred and twenty miles west." Since the Song Dynasty, there have been many poems and songs about watching the tide in Zhejiang. As far as notes are concerned, there are some old stories of Wulin, Ji Sheng of Jingshi by Nai De-Weng, Dream of Liang Lu by Wu, etc. Among them, old stories of Wulin are particularly vivid. There are two places in this book: First, in the seventh volume, it records the ten years of cherishing spring (1 183). On August 18th, Xiaozong respectfully invited Emperor Tai Shang (Song Gaozong) and the Empress Dowager to Zhejiang Pavilion to watch the tide; One was selected here in the third volume. Can read two paragraphs.
This article is not only a narrative, but also a description, which vividly reproduces all the raging waves in Zhejiang, naval exercises, Wu's frolic in the waves, soldiers and the royal family's tide watching. The author is good at grasping the main characteristics of the object of description and deliberately rendering it, so he can outline the lively scene of the tide with extremely economical pen and ink and become a short and pithy sketch.
This article begins with two sentences: "The tide in Zhejiang is a grand view of the world." Start with the big picture, outline it, first give people a general impression, then add that "from hope to eighteen is the most prosperous", lead to typical scenes, and then turn to concentrated description: "Fang Qi is far away from Haimen, just like a silver line; As we approached, the rainy city and snowy mountains fell from the sky. The sound is like thunder, shocking and whipping, devouring the sky and the sun. It is very powerful. " From far to near, from hue to momentum, it is orderly and full of real life. Haimen, most people think the name of the town. However, Haimen Town is in the southeast of Linhai County, Zhejiang Province, hundreds of miles away from Hangzhou. Is it within the reach of tide watchers? The tenth volume of Lin 'an Annals of Chun Hu quoted a stone tablet recorded in Song Yaokuan's Xixi Yu Cong, which clearly stated: "There is a mountain on the shore: there is a niche in the south and a hole in the north, named Haimen. The shore is narrow, it is a wave. " Haimen, which was first seen during tide check, is the sub-gate of the turtle (one is "one"). It is 60 miles northeast of Fuzhi, and about 30 miles away from Zhejiang Pavilion (formerly Zhang Ting Post, outside the waiting gate of Hangzhou), the tidal center. The river is very wide. When the tide first came, it looked like a trace and a line. Then the author used dripping brushwork to exaggerate and praise the avalanche. "Yucheng Snow Ridge" describes its color and shape, "sound like thunder" and "swallowing the sky and the sun", which shows its sound and potential. Compared with Tang Meng's "Watching the Tide with Yan Qiantang in Zhang Ting", it is even more thrilling and immersive. Song Yang Wanli, "Wen Fa Shu Cang Pan Zizhen Ink and Wash Entry Axis? Zhejiang tide-watching poem: "Hai Yong Yin is Guo, Jiang is waist. "The last sentence is a close-up of the turmoil in Jiang Tao, and the next sentence is about what you can see from a distance. It is natural to use it to describe Zhejiang tide here.
Teaching and reading the water army, according to Huang Zunsu's "Zhejiang Guanchao Fu" in the Ming Dynasty, appeared only after the Song Dynasty crossed the south. The second part of the article describes the scene of naval exercises. The person in charge is "mute" Silent is the chief executive of Beijing. In the Song Dynasty, Lin 'an (now Hangzhou) was regarded as a "land of travel" (the seat of feudal emperors, meaning that Lin 'an was regarded as a capital of travel without forgetting the capital of song dynasty), so it was called "silence". Starting from the characteristics of the navy's teaching and reading (training and review), the author first draws the reader's attention to the array of hundreds of warships to show the grandeur of the teaching and reading scene. "Try your best to split and combine five arrays" is full of changes, which shows its rapid scheduling and clever control. Then I counted all kinds of martial arts of the water army: riding horses, waving flags, javelin and knife dancing on Hongbo, and being carefree. Once set out in this way, it shows the athletes' superb skills and skillful movements. Just as everyone was concentrating on training the water army, pen feng turned to paint another picture: "There are yellow smoke everywhere, people are invisible, and the spray explodes and vibrates like a landslide." In a flash, the pipe filled the river, symbolizing that the "two sides" were on fire, and the warring parties fell into a state of silence. How can it not be thrilling! The reader was in shock, and the picture turned sharply: "The smoke disappeared without a trace, only the' enemy ship' was burned by the fire and died with the waves." It turned out that when the smoke filled the air, all the ships were hidden, and no one was seen, which meant that a battle was over. The author is so good at absorbing the stunt shots in the actual combat exercises of the water army, deliberately rendering extravagant and distinct layers, leaving an unforgettable impression on readers. It can be seen that the author's tailoring is precise and fine.
The third section turns to the description of Wu's frolicking. Making Waves is also a wonderful performance in the Song Dynasty. Wu Er', a teenager of Emperor Wu, was named Qiantang and belonged to Emperor Wu in ancient times. "Put on a tattoo" and write down a playful shape. Tattoos. Tattoos. "Holding ten big colorful flags, scrambling to summon up courage and catch up with Wan Ren, who haunts whale waves", made the frolic's psychological situation brave and aggressive with a few strokes. Then, he wrote "I am changing myself, but the tail of the national flag is not wet", vividly reappearing their superb performing arts. Imagine, "Whale Wave Wan Ren", how shocking it is to empty the muddy waves! However, they are in danger and they are "changing themselves"; Not only that, the waving ten colorful flags are actually "slightly wet at the tail", and it is not difficult for people to imagine their skill proficiency. "Boasting one's own ability" is intended to make money (when watching the tide, "people and officials want to enjoy silver"), rather than a simple mass entertainment scene. No wonder Su Shi said, "Wu Er grew up in a lofty garden, using his own life and not feeling sorry for himself. "If there is a clear mind in the East China Sea, we should teach brine to become a mulberry field" ("Five Wonders of Watching Tide on August 15th")! At the same time, Wu thoroughly denounced the frolic as a "first-class scoundrel who spared his life" in Liang Lumeng. In that case, why say it carefully? In "Old Wulin Story", Wu Er's ability to swim in the water was strongly rendered in an appreciative style more than once! Read the following carefully and you will know.
The last two sections show the grand gathering of the audience. Write about rich people, expensive officials and heavy traffic first, and then write about watching the tide in the palace. The center of the description here is the royal family watching the tide on the stage of "Tiankai Tu". Ten miles along the river, "the chess is full of pearls and jade, and the traffic is blocked", all this is just the foreshadowing of pholiota adiposa Pheasant Fan. In the eyes of the people in Beijing, the platform of "opening the world" and "if it is really an island" seem to be the fairy world in real life. All this is a symbol of peace and prosperity in the careful mind, which is desirable. Today, it seems that this scene only reflects a silhouette of the small court in the Southern Song Dynasty, living a quiet life with Wu.
Zhou Mi was born in the Song and Yuan Dynasties, and Old Wulin was written after the death of the Song Dynasty. In the preface, the author wrote: "If things change in time, the troubles will fall, and the memories of past trips are almost like dreams, but the feelings are gone." Bao Tingbo, a Qing Dynasty man, said: "The preface is full of emotion and sadness, and there is a sad thought about the old king of the old country, which not only lingers in the past and the present." (《lt； In fact, this kind of thought and emotion permeates the whole book in detail, and "watching the tide" naturally reveals itself. In this regard, it is not difficult to understand the author's time and experience, and of course there is no need to seek perfection.