Du Fu
What a magnificent scenery Mount Tai is! Out of Qilu, green peaks can still be seen.
The magical nature brings together thousands of beautiful mountains in the south and the separation between morning and dusk in the north.
Caiyun lave? My mind is free and easy, and birds fly around in front of my nervous eyes ..
Try to climb to the top of the mountain: it dwarfs all the peaks under our feet.
Make an appreciative comment
Looking at the Moon is the earliest extant Du Fu's poetry. The whole poem is dominated by the word "Wang", with distinct images, open artistic conception and high style, and the lines are filled with the youthful atmosphere of young poets.
Roy: "How majestic Mount Tai is! ? The endless green stretches across Qilu and the terrain is very high .. "When the poet first saw Mount Tai, he was so happy that he didn't know how to describe his excitement and admiration. Just ask and answer questions, and skillfully write your own real experience: What is Mount Tai, the head of the Five Mountains? That vast expanse of vigorous indigo stands on the land of Qilu with no end in sight. It not only points out the geographical location of Mount Tai, but also writes the majesty and greatness of Mount Tai, which is amazing.
Close look: "The Creator has endowed all mysterious nature with elegance here, and? One day immediately enters the dawn and dusk comes .. "Write about the magical beauty and majesty of Mount Tai. A word "bell" personifies nature and is particularly affectionate: nature concentrates its exquisite spirit on this mountain. The word "cut" shows a strange danger in the ordinary, showing the preciseness of the mountain as before, and the mountains in the north and south are like the morning, from which we can imagine the endless changes of the mountain.
Look carefully: "Caiyun lave? My mind is free and easy, and birds fly back and forth in front of my nervous eyes ... "The majestic scene in front of me has to keep the author's eyes open: clouds are lingering and Shan Ye is floating, which can't help but stir his heart; You need to open your eyes to see how birds fly into the mountains. The poet's selflessness and such broad-minded subjective feelings reflect the magnificent natural state of Mount Tai.
God looked at it: "Once you climb to the top of the mountain, you will see that all the other mountains are dwarfed under the sky." The poet's desire to climb mountains comes from seeing Yue, and his poems are full of imagination. The poet consciously or unconsciously expressed his lofty aspirations: high-spirited, enterprising, daring to climb, overlooking everything ... giving people unlimited inspiration and encouragement. This is why these two poems have been told by people for thousands of years and can arouse people's strong * * *.
Chun Wang
Chang' an fell, the country was broken, and only the mountains and rivers remained; Spring has come, and the sparsely populated Chang' an city is densely forested.
Sad state, can not help but burst into tears, amazing birds, leaving sorrow and hate.
The war lasted for more than half a year, and letters from home were rare, with a hundred thousand gold.
Twisting with melancholy, scratching my head and thinking, the more I scratch my white hair, I can hardly insert a hairpin.
Artistic conception appreciation
In June 756, An Shi Rebellion captured Chang 'an. In July, Tang Suzong ascended the throne in Lingwu, and Du Fu went to see Su Zong after hearing the news. On the way, he was captured by rebels and taken to Chang 'an. Hope in Spring was written in March of the following year. It is a concentrated expression of the poet's feelings of worrying about the country and the people and hurting himself, which is touching.
"Although the country is divided, the mountains and rivers remain forever, and the vegetation turns green in spring." At the beginning, I wrote what I saw in spring: the capital fell and the city was broken. Although the mountains and rivers are still there, there are grass everywhere and the trees are gray. A word "broken" is shocking, and another word "deep" is sad. Here, the poet clearly describes the scenery, but in fact he is expressing his feelings, giving them to things and entrusting them to the scenery, creating an atmosphere for the whole poem. At the same time, this couplet is neat, mature, natural and poetic. The meaning of "national break" is opposite, which is in strong contrast with "city spring". The meaning of "national break" is opposite and unexpected. "Spring in the city" should be a beautiful scene, but the suffix "deep planting" is ridiculous and contrary.
"Petals fall like tears, and lonely birds sing their sorrows." These two sentences are usually interpreted as: Flowers and birds are originally entertainment, but they hate parting because of their feelings, which makes the poet cry. Another explanation is that flowers and birds personify people and feel sad when they leave. Flowers also splash tears and birds are heartbroken. Although their theories are different, their spirits can be interlinked. One is touched by the scene, and the other is empathetic. Both of them express their feelings that are harmful to nature. This Federation is inherited by the word "feeling of time" and opened by the word "hate farewell", with clear rules and regulations.
The first four sentences of the poem are all in the word "Wang". In the change of scenery and emotion, it seems that the poet gradually turned from eagerly watching the scenery to bowing his head and meditating, and naturally transitioned to the second half-missing his loved ones.
"After three months of war, a letter from home is worth a ton of gold." From the Anshi Rebellion, "the war was fierce and the countryside was broken", and the war continues until the end of March and spring. The poet's wife and children are in Zhangzhou, and his family's safety haunts him. How can he rest assured that there is no letter at home? Arriving at Wanjin is about the preciousness of family letters, the isolation of news and the long-awaited urgency, and the strong yearning for his wife and children. This is the idea in everyone's mind, which naturally makes people sing * * *, thus becoming a famous sentence that has been passed down through the ages.
"I stroked my white hair. It has become so thin that it can no longer hold hairpins. "There are bonfires everywhere, and my family doesn't trust me. I miss the tragic images in the distance, and when I am bored, I can't help scratching my head, feeling that my hair is sparse and short. "White hair" is caused by worry, "scratching" is an action to relieve worry, and "shorter" indicates the degree of worry. In this way, in addition to the grief of national demise and death, sighing and aging will add another layer of sadness. And his age is so fast, which is caused by worrying about the country and the people and homesickness when he is hurt.
Throughout the poem, the first four sentences are all about the defeat of Spring City, full of sighs; The last four sentences are about the situation of relatives, full of feelings of separation. The whole poem is profound, sincere and natural, which embodies the poet's beautiful sentiment of patriotism and love for his family, so it has been well-known for thousands of years and lasts forever.
Appreciation of stone trencher
Du Fu
Brief introduction of the author
See Meeting Li Guinian by the River.
problem solving
This poem is selected from the second volume of Du Gongbu's collected works. Written in the spring of the second year of Su Zonggan Yuan (AD 759). At that time, the "An Shi Rebellion" had not subsided. Although Chang 'an and Luoyang were recovered by Tang Jun, the troops of rebel An Qingxu (son of An Lushan) still occupied a large area of land north of the Yellow River centered on Yecheng (now Anyang City, Henan Province). The Tang Dynasty mobilized Guo Ziyi, Li Guangbi and other nine military forces to besiege Ye Junjun, and the rebel Shi Siming sent troops to help, and the imperial army was defeated on both sides. Guo Ziyi retreated to Heyang (now Mengxian County, Henan Province), and the situation was in jeopardy. Su Zong (Hengli) was very scared, so he ordered the conscription urgently, and the mobilization and organization were very poor. He used arbitrary means to force the conscription, which made the air of terror and sadness enveloped people everywhere. Du Fu was demoted to join the army the year before last. At this time, he returned to Huazhou from Luoyang, passing through Xin 'an, Shi Hao and Tongguan. He was in a state of confusion and was shocked. He wrote a group of poems: Xin 'an official, Shi Haoguan, Tongguan official (collectively called "three officials"), and another group of poems: Newly Married, Farewell to Refugees (collectively called "Three Farewells"), all of which reflected the disasters brought to the people by years of war and showed the poet's thoughts and feelings of worrying about the country and the people. Officials refer to the officials who arrested Ding in the town.
comment
Twilight falls on Shihao Village, dusk: evening. Nouns are used as adverbs and adverbials of time. Cast: verb, stay. Shihao Village: Shihao Town, located in the southeast of Sanmenxia City, Henan Province. ○ Point out the time and place. Officials arrest people at night. Official: a junior official, here refers to the official who arrested Ding. ○ Events. Catch a Man at Night shows the crisis of the situation and the horror of the atmosphere. Old man walks over the wall, old man: old man, old man. This is the goal of "arresting people at night". Over the wall: Run over the wall. Over: verb, over, over. Go: verb, run. ○ The old man fled when he heard the news, indicating that it was not the first time to arrest people, so people were psychologically prepared; Even the old people have to be arrested, which means that there were no able-bodied men to catch at that time. The old woman went out to see (kān). The old woman went out to check the situation, cover the old man and deal with the officers.
Poets stay overnight, and officers catch people at night, which is the beginning of the incident.
What will make an official angry? Shout: Verb, shout, roar. Hehe: No way. Anger: fierce and rude. Why do women cry? Cry: cry. Bitterness: sadness, grief. ○ The official is angry, and the female cries bitterly, which forms a sharp contrast.
Summarize the questioning and response between the police officer and the old woman.
Listen to this lady's speech before: before: verb, step forward. Address: Talk to people and tell them. Three people and Ye (yè) guarding the city (shù). Three men: three sons. Man: Son. Yecheng garrison: namely "guarding Yecheng" and guarding Yecheng. In fact, this refers to participating in the siege of Yecheng (see problem solving). Defense: defense. ○ The third son is in the front line, so we can see that the able-bodied man is exhausted. As a result, the following are all private prosecutions of the old lady. A person attached a book to, attached a book to: reply to a letter. Attached book: the trustee brought a letter. Arrive: To (home). Two people died in the battle. Two men: two sons. Zhixin: Just now, recently. Two of the third sons have died, which shows the grim situation on the battlefield from the side. Survivor leads a disgraceful life, survivor: a living person. And: temporarily, temporarily. Drag out an ignoble existence: alive. ○ This survivor not only refers to a son who survived temporarily on the battlefield, but also includes the old woman herself and others who lived in the chaos of war. The deceased has grown up! It's been a long time. It's over forever. Yes: it's stopped. It's over. ○ The above-mentioned old woman told the tragic situation of her son being recruited, and expressed the deep sorrow in her heart. There is no one in the room. In the room: home. More: adverb, in. Nobody: It means there are no men. Only milk gives birth to grandchildren W: Adverb, only. Breast-feeding grandson: a breast-feeding grandson. Grandma didn't leave, because the grandson is here, so the grandson's mother hasn't left home yet. Go: Leave, which means to go back to your parents' home or remarry. From this sentence, we can know that her husband was one of two people who died in the battle. The skirt has no end. In and out: the meaning is biased, and the focus is on the word, that is, going out. Finished skirt: a complete dress. ○ It is not difficult to infer the life scene of the working people at that time from the clothes of the daughter-in-law. "Nothing more" and "only" are closely related and have strict grammar. Hide the old man and protect his daughter-in-law. The old lady is weak, but she is an old lady. In the past, this was a general term for elderly women. Decline: weak. ○ A word "although" tells the inner pain of the old woman. Please come back from the official night. Please let me accompany you officers back to the barracks for the night. Please: auxiliary verbs, used before verbs, indicate the speaker's wishes or requests. It can be translated into "hope", "please let" and "please allow". Follow, follow. Emergency reply to Heyang's service, urgent: hurry up, urgent. Handle. Heyang: retreat to the southwest of Meng County, Henan Province. Service: running errands. You have to prepare for cooking in the morning. Jude: Yes, it's not too late. Prepare: prepare, prepare. Morning drink: breakfast. ○ In order to save his wife, daughter-in-law and grandson, the old woman asked for a job regardless of her old age and weak body.
Through the old woman's dictation, write about the violence of police officers and the experience of the old woman's family, as well as the situation that she had to ask for services herself.
The night is long and silent, and the night is long: late at night. Sound: sound. Absolutely: broken. Smell tears (gas) and swallow (y). Smell: I heard it. Weep: To sob and cry silently. Sadness: describes a low and intermittent cry. After the riot, there was silence, leaving only waves of pain. What a sad and shocking scene this is. The "smell" here echoes the "listen" at the beginning, indicating that the poet stayed up all night for this. Dawn boarding the future, boarding the future: step forward. Future: refers to the way to catch up. Alone with the old man. Independence: loneliness. Don't say goodbye. ○ The word "independence" implies that the old woman was really caught. It reflects the sad scene of this family and the poet's inner pain.
Write the sad scene of the family after the old woman was arrested, ending with a strong tragic atmosphere.
translate
In the evening, I live in a family in Shihao Village. After dark, the police went into the village to arrest people. The old man in this family heard the noise and fled over the wall, while the old woman went out to see the situation.
The roar of the officers is so fierce, and the cry of the old woman is so sad!
I heard the old woman come forward and tell the officer that she said, I have three sons, all of whom have been recruited to guard Yecheng. Recently, a son sent a message that two sons were killed in battle. The living live day by day in this war-torn years, and the dead are finished forever. There is no one else to catch at home, only a grandson who is nursing. Because of this grandson, his mother hasn't gone out yet, but she doesn't even have a complete dress in and out! If you must arrest someone, you can arrest my old woman. Although I am old and weak, I can go with you tonight, and I can also support Heyang's urgent task in time to prepare breakfast for tomorrow's troops.
Late at night, the noisy sound disappeared. I seem to hear a faint cry. After dawn, I set off on my way and had to say goodbye to the old man alone.
Brief analysis
Li Shihao is one of the representative works of Du Fu's poetry, and is known as "the history of poetry". This five-character ancient poem reveals the cruelty of feudal rulers, reflects the profound disaster brought to the people by the war caused by the "An Shi Rebellion" in the Tang Dynasty, and expresses the feelings of worrying about the country and the people through the story that the author saw with his own eyes.
This is a narrative poem. According to his whereabouts, the author objectively describes what he saw and heard in one night and one court in the first person, without any judgment, so that people can understand the theme of the poem and the author's love and hate from the story. The first four sentences, one about a person, briefly describe the time, place and people, write the beginning of the event, and between the lines, reveal a unique atmosphere of turmoil and terror. The author then summed up the development of the incident in two contrasting sentences: "Why are officials angry and women crying?" Then turn to the detailed record of the old lady's private prosecution under the threat of police officers. This "speech" has thirteen sentences. The first five sentences say that all three sons went to the front and recently killed two more. Nevertheless, the government will arrest people again, which is almost inhuman, which also reflects the depth of the disaster brought by the war to the people. The middle four sentences say that there are only nursing children at home, and the daughter-in-law doesn't even have a dress to go out, which reflects the extremely poor living conditions of the people caused by the "An Shi Rebellion". The last four sentences say that in desperation, in order to take care of the survival of the elderly and grandchildren, the old woman generously applied for a job and went to the national disaster together. This unexpected ending pushed the whole poem to a climax and was a bloody accusation against the fatuous ruler. At the beginning of the last paragraph, there are only four sentences, which say that the old woman was taken away and her family was desolate. The author said goodbye to the old man alone on the way in the early morning. The event is over, and the heavy tragic atmosphere almost suffocates the reader, showing the author's infinite sympathy for the tragic experience of this family.
From the structural arrangement, the author put the old woman's "speech" to the officers in a prominent position, recorded her complaints about family blood and tears, and exposed the darkness of society and the suffering of the people through the old woman's mouth. Let the facts speak for themselves, which is naturally more real and touching than indirect description. Write the bitter cry of filial piety to his wife in detail, and write the stern words of Shihao official very briefly, using real words to write empty words, and using a pen very succinctly. The main narrative part of the whole poem comes from the word "listening". This kind of organizational material can not only highlight the old woman's painful narrative, but also put aside some other descriptions, making the whole poem very concise and compact. It is precisely because of "listening" that people feel more real and can better set off the atmosphere at that time. It is said that the author objectively described what he saw and heard without judging, but some sentences in the narrative directly or indirectly expressed his feelings, such as "an official urged people at night", "the old man climbed over the wall", "Why do officials get angry when they shout, and why do women cry", all of which have sensational and suggestive effects. Another example is "Dead at night, like crying", which clearly shows that the author has been paying attention to the development and changes of the situation, so that he can't sleep at night. The painful feeling of the dawn trip can be fully felt.
Finally, there are two points worth noting about the theme of this poem. First, although this poem reveals the cruelty of feudal rulers by arresting people at night by Shihao officials, the most important thing is to reflect the profound disaster brought to the people by the war caused by the "An Shi Rebellion". This is not difficult to perceive from the narrative of the whole poem, such as the smell of troubled times, the horror of ten rooms and nine empty rooms, the crisis of war, the embarrassment of the people without clothes, the heavy casualties on the battlefield, and the anecdotes of the old woman's enlistment for service. The author is not without criticism of the corruption in the Tang Dynasty, but the main target is the Anshi bandits who have harmed the people. Secondly, the author not only saw the people's suffering, which aroused his deep sympathy and indignation, but also did not oppose the war to quell the "An Shi Rebellion", because the country and society could not be at peace until the "An Shi Rebellion" subsided. From this point of view, the service of the old woman in the poem is not only a severe reprimand and accusation to the ruler, but also a praise to the people's generous spirit of going to the national disaster. This is even more obvious in other poems of "three officials and three parting". For example, in "Wedding Farewell", although the bride lamented that "it is better to abandon the roadside than to marry a woman and ask for a husband", she finally gave an exhortation to "forget about the wedding and work hard". The old man who joined the army in "Farewell the Old and Welcome the New" also had a tragic confession: "How can children and grandchildren be immune to the battlefield?" This reflects the profound contradiction in Du Fu's thought.
Overview of Basic Knowledge of Chinese Characters and Sentences
throw
The original meaning of "vote" is vote, vote. For example, "Gong Yu by the Mountain" means "throwing yourself at the bottom of the Bohai Sea and hiding the soil in the north". (throw: throw) also means to throw away or abandon. The idiom "throw a pen and join the army" means to throw it away. It also means attracting and catering. For example, the idioms "do whatever you want" and "do whatever you want" all use this meaning. It also means to go and take refuge, which means to "stay ...". This meaning is used in the poem "Twilight Toushigou Village". There is also the meaning of approaching. For example, Wang Anshi's "Guanming State Map": "The heart of investing in the old is not what it used to be, and it was still the case at that time." (cast: close. )
difficult
"Bitter" originally refers to bitter vegetables. Because bitter vegetables are bitter, which means bitterness, as opposed to "sweet" and "sweet". It also means hard work and hardship. Such as Shu. There is an inside outside, "and" the play of agriculture is the most bitter. " Work hard. It is also used to express psychological activities, distress and pain. The poem "Why do women cry" means "pain". In this sense, it means passive, that is, "suffering from ...".
man
"Male" is a familiar word from Tian Li, which means that men work in fields. There is no difference between ancient and modern times in the meaning of expressing men and men. In ancient Chinese, "male" can refer to a son (just as "female" refers to a daughter). This poem "Three men guarding Yecheng", "One man attached a book, and two men were killed in battle". The three words "male" all mean "son". In addition, "male" is the last of the five ancient appellations.
These five grades are: public, Hou, Bo, Zi and Gong. )
book
The traditional writing of the word "book" is "harmful", which is the pictophonetic character of Yu He.
"Yu" means writing on bamboo slips, so the original meaning of "book" is to write verbs Also used as a noun, referring to written words. It also refers to books, which is the same as modern Chinese usage. In ancient Chinese, the word "book" refers to history books, just as the word "poem" refers to the book of songs. "Book" is often used to mean "letter" in ancient Chinese, and "letter from home" is a letter from home. The poem "One person attaches a book", and "a book" means a letter.
steal
The original meaning of "stealing" is sloppy, muddling along and lazy. In ancient Chinese, words like "stealing security", "smuggling", "stealing food" and "stealing cowardice" all mean "sloppy". To drag out an ignoble existence is to live, or to drag out an ignoble existence. This is the meaning of "drag out an ignoble existence" in the poem It is worth noting that "stealing" was not mentioned as "stealing" in pre-Qin classics, and it was rarely used in Han Dynasty. When you say "steal", "steal" is a later usage.
affable
The "one" of "Yihe" is an adverb, indicating that the facts mentioned have reached a certain limit. When "Yihe" is used together, it can be translated as "how". In this poem, "When an official cries, he is angry, and when a woman cries, she is crying". "Yihe" means "how" and "so".
You have a long-term vision.