People's Education Publishing House, Grade Four, Chinese Volume II Knowledge 1
Ancient poetry
Analysis of Ancient Poetry in Lesson 1
1, an ancient poem-"Sitting alone in Jingting Mountain" (Tang Li Bai)-expresses the loneliness caused by the poet's lack of talent.
Poetry: Birds are high, and lonely clouds go to leisure alone. You look at me, I look at you, and there are only my eyes and Jingting Mountain's eyes.
② Poetry: Many birds flew away, out of sight, and a white cloud drifted away leisurely and lonely. At this moment, only Jingtingshan and I look at each other, and we can't get enough of each other.
2. The ancient poem Looking at Dongting (Yuxi, Liu Tang) expresses the poet's love and praise for the beautiful scenery of Dongting.
Poetry: the lake is full of moonlight, and the mirror on the pool surface is not polished. Looking at Dongting from a distance, there is a green snail in the silver plate.
Poetry: Autumn night, the moonlight is like water, and the water reflects the color of the moon. The two are in harmony. The lake is calm and hazy, just like a polished bronze mirror. From a distance, the colors of Dongting Lake and Junshan Mountain are like green snails in a silver plate.
3. The poem "Remembering Jiangnan" (Tang Bai Juyi) expresses the poet's admiration and nostalgia for the beautiful scenery of Jiangnan.
1 verse: Jiangnan is good and the scenery is old. When spring comes, the sun rises from the river, the flowers on the river are brighter than red, and the green river is greener than the blue grass. How can we make people not miss Jiangnan?
Meaning: How beautiful the scenery in the south of the Yangtze River is, and the picturesque scenery has long been familiar. The sun rises from the river, the flowers on the river are hotter than red, and spring is coming. The green river is like blue grass. How can one not miss Jiangnan?
4. Collection of famous ancient poems and sentences
I never get tired of seeing it, only Jingting Mountain.
(2) overlooking the Dongting mountains and rivers, a green snail in a silver plate.
(3) At sunrise, the river is redder than the fire, and in spring, the river is as green as blue.
5. Rhetoric of ancient poetry
1 personification: Never tired of looking at each other, only Jingting Mountain.
② Contrast: At sunrise, the river is redder than the fire, and in spring, the river is as green as blue.
③ Metaphor:
The windless mirror on the pool surface is not polished-compare (pool surface) with (unpolished copper mirror).
Looking at Dongting Lake, there is a green snail in the silver plate-Bi (Dongting Lake) Bi (silver plate); Compare (Junshan) to (green snail).
6. Similarities and differences of ancient poetry
Same:
1, author of the same dynasty (all written by poets in the Tang Dynasty)
The scenery and location are the same (both belong to the south of the Yangtze River)
3. The content of poetry is the same (all about scenery and lyricism).
Different:
1, with different genre forms (the first two are poems and the last one is a word)
2. The poet's emotions are different (the first is cold and lyrical, and the latter two are passionate and lyrical. )
3. Different expressions (the first one is mainly anthropomorphic, the second one is clever, and the third one is very contrasting. )
7. Imagination of ancient poetry
I sat alone in Jingting Mountain, where the environment was quiet. Suddenly, several twittering birds flew in the sky, flying farther and farther until they disappeared. Lonely clouds are floating in the sky, unwilling to stay, and slowly drifting away. Only when I look at the high Jingting Mountain and Jingting Mountain looks at me silently, neither of us will feel bored. Who can understand my lonely mood at this time, only this beautiful Jingting Mountain.
On a night with few stars in autumn, I walked by Dongting Lake and looked at it from a distance. Silver moonlight shines on the mirror-level lake, and the soft moonlight blends with the lake. The whole lake looks like a veil. In the twilight, that Junshan looks like a green snail in a silver plate, which is very attractive. I was intoxicated by the charming scenery.
Spring returns to the earth and flowers are in full bloom. How beautiful the scenery in Jiangnan is. I am already familiar with this picturesque scenery. Whenever the sun rises from the river, the flowers on the river are more fiery red, and the green river is clean. Ming Che is as blue as grass. How can one not miss Jiangnan?
Lesson 23 Analysis of Ancient Poetry Collection
1, an ancient poem-April in the country (Weng Juan in Song Dynasty)-shows the poet's love and praise for the rural scenery, as well as praise for the working people and working life.
(1) Poem: The mountains and rivers are white and the rain is like smoke in the sound of rules. In April, there were few idle people in the countryside, and sericulture was planted in the fields.
② Poetry: The vilen on the hillside is lush, but the water in the rice fields is so bright that the sky shines, cuckoos crow and the sky is misty and rainy. When April comes, farmers are busy with farm work and no one is idle. Just after sericulture, it is necessary to transplant rice seedlings again.
2. The ancient poem "Miscellaneous Stories of Four Seasons" (Fan Chengda, Song Dynasty)-The poet described the scene of rural farmers farming and children working like adults, praised the industriousness of rural working people and expressed the author's love for innocent and lovely working people.
(1) Poetry: Come out during the day, harvest the fields at night, and the children in the village are in charge. Although the children don't plow and weave, they also learn a kind of melon in the shade of mulberry trees.
Poetry: Mow the ground during the day and rub hemp at night. Farmers and men are busy with their own affairs, and each has his own skills. Children know nothing about farming and weaving, and they imitate adults and learn to grow melons under mulberry trees.
3. The word "Fishing Songs" (Tang Zhang) shows the carefree life interest of the fisherman.
Poetry: Egrets fly in front of Mount Cisse, peach blossoms and flowing water make mandarin fish fat. An old man in the bank, wearing a green bamboo hat raincoat and a green raincoat, braved the wind and rain and fished leisurely. He was fascinated by the beautiful spring scenery and didn't even go home in the rain.
② Poetry: Egrets spread their wings near Mount Cisse, mandarin fish are full in the stream, and peach blossoms bloom on the shore. People who wear green hats and hemp fibers and fish in the oblique wind and drizzle don't want to go home.
Common sense and literary essentials
1, sitting alone in Jingting Mountain ── Tang Libai
The word Taibai, known as the Poet Fairy by later generations, is a great romantic poet in the Tang Dynasty.
2. Wang Dongting-Yuxi, Liu Tang
The word Meng De was a writer and philosopher in the Tang Dynasty. Also known as "Bai Liu" with Bai Juyi.
3. Remembering Jiangnan-Tang Bai Juyi
It's a word. Recalling Jiangnan is a epigraph name.
4. April in the countryside-Weng Juan in the Song Dynasty
It shows the poet's love and praise for rural scenery, and also shows his praise for working people and working life.
5. The four seasons are idyllic and prosperous-Song Fan Chengda
Praise the hard work of rural working people and express the author's love for innocent and lovely children.
6. Fishing Song-Zhang Tang He Zhi
Beautiful artistic conception, showing the fisherman's carefree interest.
People's Education Publishing House, Grade Four, Chinese Volume II, Knowledge II
accumulate over a long period of time
(1) Famous ancient poems and sentences describing natural scenery
The desert is lonely and straight, and the long river sets the yen. (Wang Wei)
2 rows of red leaves, countless sunset mountains. (Wang Shizhen)
(3) Qian Shan is vast, and Chengjiang is clear in January. (Huang Tingjian)
(4) Send infinite trees on a floating day and bury them in the middle of the mountain with rain clouds. (Xin Qiji)
(5) The spring tide is even in the sea, and the bright moon is on the sea. (Zhang)
(2) Famous sayings about honesty
1, keep your word and do what you want. On Luz
2. Make friends and keep your word. "The Analects of Confucius. Learning "
Don't do to others what you don't want them to do to you. The Analects of Confucius and Yan Yuan
4, sincerely add that the stone is open. Book of later Han dynasty Jing Wong's Biography of Guangling Thought
5. People who love others will always love others; People who respect others will always respect others. Mencius and Li Lou.
6, old and old, and old people; Young people, young people, young people. Mencius Hui Liang Wang Shang
(3) Agricultural proverbs
1, farming proverb-plant melons and beans before and after Qingming.
2. Meteorological proverbs:
(1) The morning glow never dies, and the sunset glow travels thousands of miles.
Fish scales in the sky don't need to turn over the sun.
Chickens stay late, ducks croak happily, and storms come quickly.
(4) The ants move the snake gallery, and it will rain heavily tomorrow.
⑤ Spring fog and wind, summer fog and sunny, autumn fog and cloudy, winter fog and snow.
(4) Idioms about war
Know yourself and yourself, win every battle, and strategize.
Take a surprise attack by winning thousands of miles.
To save Zhao by besieging Wei is to advance westward and be besieged on all sides.
Between Scylla and Charybdis, the grass and trees are all soldiers, and the wind is rustling.
Soldiers are expensive and fast, and they suddenly attack and entangle.
irresistible
(5) Famous sayings of life perception
1, human life is limited, but serving the people is infinite. I will devote my limited life to serving the people indefinitely. (Lei Feng)
I have always maintained the belief that the meaning of life lies in giving, not in receiving, nor in striving. (Ba Jin)
For me, the meaning of life lies in putting yourself in others' shoes, worrying about others and enjoying others' happiness. (Einstein)
(6) Poems describing rural life
1, picking chrysanthemums in the southeast, leisurely seeing Nanshan. (Tao Yuanming) (Autumn)
2, people are idle osmanthus, and the night is quiet. (Autumn) (Wang Wei)
3, three or two peach blossoms outside the bamboo, the spring river plumbing duck prophet. (Spring) (Su Shi)
It rains at home in Huangmei season, and frogs are everywhere in the grass pond. (Summer) (Zhao Shixiu)
5, the rice under the mountain of Ehu is fertile, and the finless porpoise is half covered. (Wang Jia)
6. Looking at Noda before going out alone, the moonlight is like snow. (Bai Juyi)
(7) Idioms describing people's spirit and will:
1, like:
Ambition, perseverance, perseverance
Self-improvement gathers sand into a tower.
Despite the difficulties, persevere, go all out and make continuous progress.
Invincible
2, derogatory:
Retreat from difficulties and do nothing.
Tilting begins and ends, giving up halfway.
(8) Two-part allegorical saying:
Drop of water wears away the stone-Rome was not built in a day.
The early flowering of red plums-outshines others.
Stones for building walls-from behind.
Guan Yu lost Jingzhou-pride goes before a fall.
Wang Xizhi's Writing-Mastering Three Questions
Zhou Yu hit Huang Gai-one is willing to fight and the other is willing to get it.
Xiehouyu:
(1) "Drip wears away the stone-it wasn't built in a day". Without persistent efforts, Xiao Ming would not have achieved such good results.
(2) Because you got a hundred points in the exam, you immediately became proud, so you fell behind again this time. It's another sentence: Guan Yu lost Jingzhou-pride goes before a fall.
(9) Idiom stories
I can't put this book down-I can't bear to put it down. This book describes being fascinated by studying hard or reading.
Pengcheng Wan Li-According to legend, Pengbirds can fly to Wan Li, which is a metaphor for great prospects.
(10) Extracurricular accumulation:
1, a famous saying about honesty: A promise is a promise, but a promise is a promise. -China proverb
2. Agricultural Proverbs: ① There were three rains in beginning of spring, and rice was everywhere. Spring rain is as expensive as oil, and farmers are worried.
3. Meteorological proverbs:
There is a rainy mountain with a hat, and there is no rainy mountain without a waist.
② Afternoon thunderstorm with cotton wadding clouds.
(3) loach jumping, wind and rain.
4. Life sentiment famous saying: A person's value should be judged by his contribution, not by his achievements-Einstein.
5, two-part allegorical saying:
(1) Eight Immortals Crossing the Sea-each shows his magical powers.
(2) Sesame blossoms-the longer it grows, the higher it will be.
(3) The old woman sells melons-bragging.
6. Ancient poems describing landscapes
(1) "Looking at Lushan Waterfall" Tang Li Bai
The purple mist is illuminated by sunlight, and the waterfall hangs in front of the mountain. On the high cliff, it seems to be thousands of feet high, which makes people think that the Milky Way has fallen from heaven to earth.
(2) "Looking at Tianmen Mountain" Tang Libai
The Yangtze River splits the Tianmen Peak like a giant axe, and the green river flows around the island.
The green hills on both sides are neck and neck, and a boat meets leisurely from the horizon.
7. Ancient poems describing rural scenery
"Tour Shanxi Village" [Song] Lu You
Don't laugh at the farmhouse music brewed in the muddled month. In the harvest month, the dishes for guests are very rich.
There is no way to go because of the winding water flow in the mountains, and a mountain village suddenly appears in the willow-green flower bay.
People's Education Press Grade Four Chinese Volume II Knowledge 3
The fusion of synonyms and antonyms
First, synonyms
1, viewing-appreciating winding-stretching
Exquisite-profound comfort-appeasement
Delay-uniform symmetric delay
2. Hospitality-reception and encouragement-encouragement
Enlightenment-enlightenment hiding-hiding
Silence-silence is intense-intense.
3. Implementation-Performance Breakthrough-Breakthrough
Occasionally-by chance-maybe.
Smooth-smooth and quiet-quiet
4, give-give calm-deep
Open decoration-embellishment
Dazzling-dazzling violation-violation
Bright-bright serve-serve
Ask for advice-learn to judge-confirm.
Leisure-leisure forgiveness-forgiveness
6. Rich and beautiful overlooking
List-Arrange Tour-Play
Bright and beautiful-bright and slow-slow.
7. Gift-Gift Maintenance-Persistence
Attach importance to teaching.
Damage-damage simple-simple
8. Jealousy-admiration attempt-delusion
Willing-willing to hesitate-hesitate
Seems-seems worried-worried.
9, anxiety-anxiety-heavy
Comparable-bimei erosion-corrosion
Clever-flexible avoidance-avoidance
10, keen-agile uncover-uncover
Immediately-immediately-immediately.
Clean-clean and hidden-hidden.
1 1, reproduction-reproduction inspiration-enlightenment
Gloomy-gloomy-melodious
Interrogation-silence-silence
12, staring-staring contempt-contempt
Black oil black disaster-disaster
Trip-trip prevention-prevention
13, quality-literacy diffusion-all
Excellence-outstanding lingering-nostalgia
Surprise-surprise seems-seems
14, flying-soaring to disturb-disturb
Right-Interest Magic-Mystery
Happiness-freshness and preciousness-preciousness
15, care-care love-love
Pride-Pride Excitement-Flap
Disturbance-interference shock-vibration
16, cherish-cherish loneliness-loneliness
Broad-broad and clear-clear
Incredible-unexpected warmth-warmth.
17, dress up-dress up as usual-agreed
See-see lead-lead
If-suppose hard-hard.
18, focus-focus on dignity-majesty
Cover up-cover up approval-praise
Silence-quiet change-replacement
19, blame-criticize ordinary-ordinary
Open-declare stubbornness-stubbornness
Collect-collect unique
20. Praise-praise comfort-comfort
Doubt-doubt perseverance-determination
Frustrated-serve in frustration-wait on the waiter.
2 1, satisfaction-deliberation-affirmation
Demand-demand disgust-disgust
Meet-meet misery-misery
22, situation-situation command-charged
Forgive-forgive disobedience-violation.
Deal with-deal with evil-ferocity
24 years old, full of enthusiasm-with relish.
Duckling-nagging
Involuntary? no way out
Step 25 focus
Smile, smile.
Competing with each other-unwilling to lag behind
Second, antonyms
1, forward-backward crowded-loose
Protect-destroy clean-dirty
Kindness-ugliness is heavy-lightness.
2. Hesitation-decisive worry-happiness
Cleverness-mechanical creation-imitation
Black and white praise-criticism
3. Smooth-occasional fluctuation-frequent fluctuation
Quiet-noisy, calm-excited
Spoil-cherish boredom-fun
4. Cute-hateful praise-accusation
Cool-sultry doubt-believe
Clear turbidity and suitable depression
5, easy-difficult to be grateful-complaining
Acknowledge-deny, spread-collect
Microwave-huge wave gathering-dispersion
6. Bright-dark and curved-straight
Exquisite-strange and sloppy-serious
Strange-skilled, kind-vicious
7. Simple-gorgeous, safe-dangerous
Indifference-Enthusiasm Injury-Protection
Hesitant-decisive, loose-tight
8. Frequent-rare reduction in production-increase in production
It is easy and difficult to destroy protection.
Smart-heavy, sensitive-slow
9. Uncover-cover immediately-slowly
Clear-fuzzy spacious-narrow
Balance-tilt increase-decrease
10, Peace-War Excellence-Universality
Silence-noisy, dark-white
Smoothing blocking compliance violations
1 1, pride-modesty and integrity-incompleteness
Soft and hard waste-cherish
Limited-infinite disappointment-hope
12, wide-narrow and clear-fuzzy
Cold and warm understanding doubts
Simple-gorgeous and unique-ordinary
13, weak-strong dark-bright
Disappear-blame-praise
Open-secret stubbornness-easygoing.
14, special-normal light-dark
Be careful-rough and comfortable-uncomfortable
Persistence-vacillation is easy-difficult.
15, success-failure tragedy-happiness
Mistakes-Right and Firm-Shake
Evil-good aggression-obedience
16, understood-lost down-up
Stretch-shrink leisure-busy sparse-dense
17, depressed-hold your head high
Inclined-straight.
Flowers bloom-withered leaves.
18, concentrate-absent-minded.
Smile-pull a long face
Confusion-an epiphany
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