1. Ru Kiln: It was an official kiln established during the reign of Emperor Huizong in the late Northern Song Dynasty, less than 20 years ago. The kiln is located in Ruzhou, Henan, hence its name. Ru kiln mainly uses celadon, and the glaze colors include pink green, bean green, egg green, shrimp green, etc. The body of Ru kiln is thicker, the glaze layer is thicker, and it has a jade-like texture. The glaze has very fine openings. Ru kiln porcelain adopts the pin firing method, leaving small pin marks on the bottom of the porcelain. The shapes of the vessels mostly imitate the styles of ancient bronze vessels, with washers, furnaces and statues as the main ones. There are less than a hundred pieces of Ru kiln works handed down from generation to generation, so they are very precious.
2. Official kiln: The official kiln of the Southern Song Dynasty is famous for its celadon-glazed porcelain. It has a solemn and elegant shape, a jade-like glaze color, and large patterns on the glaze surface. It is a treasure among ancient Chinese porcelain; the Northern Song Dynasty There are very few handed down items from official kilns, and their utensils mainly include bowls, bottles, washbasins, etc. The carcass is thick and black, and the glaze is light cyan, moist and elegant. It is especially famous for the large cracks on the glaze. Different from the porcelain of Ru Kiln and Longquan Kiln, it also has the characteristics of "purple mouth and iron feet". There are very few official kilns in the Northern Song Dynasty and are very rare.
3. Ge Kiln: The Ge Kiln is similar to the Guan Kiln. It also has a purple mouth and iron feet, and there are also openings. However, the location of the kiln is unknown so far, and the academic circles are also divided on the age of its firing. Some people think that it is not the Song Dynasty, but Yuan Dynasty.
In the firing process of many porcelains, in order to pursue craftsmanship, too many cracked pieces of glaze are generally not allowed, but Ge Kiln has brought the beauty of "opening pieces" to the extreme, producing "Golden iron wire" is a typical feature of Ge Kiln. The large openings on the glaze surface of Ge Kiln porcelain are iron-black, which is called "iron wire", while the small openings are golden yellow, which are called "gold wire". "Golden iron wire" creates rhythmic beauty in the calm glaze. Because the exact kiln site has not yet been found, it is the most mysterious kiln entrance among the five famous kilns.
4. Jun kiln: The main firing periods of Jun kiln are said to be Song, Jin and Yuan. Some scholars believe that the furnishing porcelain currently designated as Junguan kiln of Song Dynasty was fired during the Yongle and Xuande period of the early Ming Dynasty. . Jun kiln can be divided into Jun kiln and Jun kiln. Jun kiln is located in Yu County, Henan (then called Junzhou).
Jun kiln is characterized by the mysterious kiln transformation of "one color entering the kiln and myriad colors coming out of the kiln". The colors are completely natural and have been treasured by the palaces of past dynasties.