Tang Dynasty: Zhang Ji
Crows fell on the moon, crowed coldly, slept on maple trees, and slept in fishing lanes by the river.
In the lonely Hanshan Temple outside Suzhou, the bell that rang in the middle of the night reached the passenger ship.
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The moon has set, crows crow all over the sky, the maple trees on the river and the fishing fires on the boat make it difficult for me to sleep alone.
In Hanshan Temple outside Gusu City, the bell ringing in the middle of the night reached my passenger ship.
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After the Anshi Rebellion in the Tang Dynasty, Zhang Ji wrote this poem when he passed Hanshan Temple. This poem accurately and delicately describes the observation and feelings of a passenger ship night sleeper on the night scene in late autumn in the south of the Yangtze River, and outlines scenes such as the setting of the moon, frosty nights, fishing on the river peak, and lonely boat passengers. In addition, this poem also fully shows the author's yearning for travel, his worries about his home country, and his worries about being in troubled times and having no home. It is a masterpiece of writing troubles. The sentences in the whole poem are vivid, emotional and picturesque, and the logical relationship between the sentences is very clear and reasonable, and the content is easy to understand.
This four-line poem is unified with the word "sorrow" The first two sentences are full of images: falling moon, crow, frosty sky, Jiang Feng, fishing fire, sleepless people, which creates an aesthetic situation with rich meanings and rhymes. The last two sentences, the image of the city, the image of the temple, the image of the ship and the image of the bell, are an ethereal and far-reaching artistic conception. Lit a fishing fire in autumn night by the river, and the guest will smell the bell in the quiet night. The selection of all scenery is unique: one is static and one is dynamic, one is bright and the other is dark. The collocation of scenery and the artistic conception of characters have reached a high degree of tacit understanding and blending, and * * * has formed this artistic realm that has become a model for later generations.
The whole poem begins with a word "sorrow". If Frost Night is a bit sad, doesn't Jiang Feng Fishing Fire also give the poet some light and warmth? However, "worrying about sleep" is prominent in front of people. The loneliness and loneliness of the journey aroused the poet's sadness, and even met the waning moon and the sad cry of crows, and the frost covered the river. It forms a confused, sad and lonely background, and lays the tone of the whole poem with "sadness" as the center. When people are in adversity (you can taste between the lines of poetry), the most taboo is that scenery hurts feelings. When the poet broke down under the maple bridge, he was already in a sad mood, but he insisted on the waning moon. Travelers (maybe the author is not a tourist) tend to care about their families infinitely. It can be said that anxious to return is looking forward to reuniting with his family. However, he is lonely and sad. The waning moon may give the poet an inexplicable omen, and it is also an ominous sign for the crow to moan! When people hear crows, they think of the unknown. How can the frost in the sky not make the poet shudder?
"Jiang Feng sleeps in the fire". The bright red maple leaves after frost and the scattered lights on fishing boats present a hazy beauty in the frosty night, adding a bit of pleasing charm to this moonlit picture of Qiu Jiang, and the picture has reached a flawless state! However, when the author tried to render the beauty of the moonlit night in Qiu Jiang, he drew a word "sorrow" with a pencil beam. Why is the author worried? How worried are you? The more beautiful the scenery, the stronger the feelings (worries). The poet faces the beautiful scenery, but he has no joy at all, tossing and turning. Why? Looking back at the previous articles, such as The Moon sets, Crows crow and first frost mending the sky, as the saying goes, it's dark and I'm afraid of ghosts. What is the "ghost" in the poet's mind? Is it the gain and loss of his career, the ups and downs of his career? Or family, separation of relatives and friends? I didn't say it in the poem, so I don't know. However, the poet has no intention of enjoying the night scene and is lonely and sleepless. It is not difficult for us to imagine his inner sadness. Depression is difficult to express, and it is really unclear in words. From his fear of crows, it can be seen that there must be something (or someone) in his heart that worries him, even crows' crows make him uneasy. Frost is an indispensable part of this moonlit picture of Qiu Jiang painted by the poet. Flying frost like jade crumbs gives people an elegant and noble aesthetic feeling. However, with "crying" and "worrying about sleep", this cream is a bit "bad". Since the poet has been confused when he hears Wu Ti, isn't Fei Shuang chilling him? Interference is the reason why he is "worried about sleep". "Hanshan Temple outside Gusu City, the bell rings at midnight to the passenger ship." At night, it's terribly quiet and it's hard to sleep.
The scenery in front of the poem is very dense, and six scenes are written in fourteen words, but the pictures behind it are particularly sparse. The two poems only wrote one thing: sleeping in the night clock of the mountain temple. This is because the midnight bell of Hanshan Temple is the most vivid, profound and poetic impression the poet got in a night-mooring near maple bridge. Moonsetting, Frosty Night, Fishing by the River, Lonely Boat and other scenes. It shows the characteristics of night parking near Fengqiao in all aspects, but it is not enough to convey its charm. In the dark, people's hearing rises to the first place in the feeling of external things. And the silent night bell gives people a particularly strong impression. In this way, the "Midnight Bell" not only sets off the quietness of the night, but also reveals the depth and clarity of the night. The poet's unspeakable feelings when lying listening to the bell are beyond words.
A night-mooring near maple bridge is an ancient poem full of emotion and scenes. Except for "sleepy", the whole poem is all about deliberately painting scenes. It is not a direct expression of the soul, but indirectly and naturally expresses the poet's lonely and melancholy thoughts about the scenery by depicting the beautiful scenery of the autumn river and the moonlit night. If you want to express your feelings, you should draw the scenery first, and your feelings should follow the scenery. This is the remarkable artistic feature of this ancient poem. It can be seen that in ancient poems expressing feelings through scenery, the author's feelings are expressed through the scenery depicted. When teaching this kind of ancient poetry, we should not only appreciate the scenery described by the author, but also understand his ingenious lyric skills with the help of the scenery, so as to truly understand the ancient poetry.