He Zhizhang of the Tang Dynasty
The jasper is as tall as a tree, with thousands of green silk ribbons hanging down.
I don’t know who cut out the thin leaves. The spring breeze in February is like scissors.
Notes
⑴ Willow: Willow tree, deciduous tree or shrub, with long and narrow leaves, many types. This poem describes a weeping willow.
⑵ Jasper: jade green. This is used as a metaphor for the tender green willow leaves in spring.
⑶ Make up: decorate, dress up.
⑷ A tree: full of trees. One, full, complete. In classical Chinese poetry and articles, quantifiers do not necessarily indicate exact quantities when used. The "wan" in the next sentence means a lot.
⑸ 绦: A rope made of silk. Silk ribbon: describes a strand of wicker like a ribbon.
⑹ Cut: Cut, use a knife or scissors to divide an object into several parts.
⑺ February: The second month of the lunar calendar is the time of early spring.
⑻ Like: as if, like, as if
Introduction
This poem uses the willow tree to sing about the spring breeze, comparing the spring breeze to scissors, saying that she is the creator of beauty. Praise her for cutting out spring. The poem is filled with people's joy at early spring. The novelty and appropriateness of comparisons and metaphors are the success of this poem. "Notes on Tang Poems" says: "The objects are wonderful and the language is gentle."
This is a poem about objects, written about willows in early spring in February.
Where should I start when writing about willow? There is no doubt that its beauty lies in its long and draping branches. Once a year, it grows new green leaves, drooping, and has a charming attitude in the spring breeze. This is something everyone can appreciate. In classical poetry, this kind of image beauty is used to describe and compare the slender figure and graceful waist of a beautiful woman, which is what we often see. This poem has a new idea and is turned upside down. "Jasper makes up a tree as high as a tree". At the beginning, willow appears as a beauty: "Ten thousand green silk ribbons hang down", and these thousands of draping silks also become her skirt. The word "gao" in the upper sentence brings out the graceful grace of the beauty Tingting; the word "hang" in the second sentence implies that the slender waist is flowing in the wind. There are no words "willow" and "waist branch" in the poem, but the weeping willows in early spring and the beauty incarnated by the willow trees are vividly depicted. "Southern History" said that Liu Zhizhi, the governor of Yizhou, presented several willow trees, "the branches are very long, like silk threads." Emperor Wu of Qi planted these willows in front of the Yunhe Palace in Taichang, and admired them without caring about them, saying that they were "romantic and cute." ". The wicker is referred to as "green silk ribbon" here, which may be a metaphor for this famous allusion about willow. But this is chemical use, and no trace can be seen.
"Jasper made up" leads to "green silk ribbon", "green silk ribbon" leads to "who cuts it out", and finally, the invisible and elusive "spring breeze" is also used. "Like scissors" is vividly depicted. These "scissors" cut out green and bright red flowers and plants, giving the earth a new look. It is a symbol of natural vitality and a revelation of beauty that spring brings to people. From "jasper makeup" to "scissors", we can see a series of processes of the poet's artistic conception. The series of images that appear in the poem are closely linked to each other.
Some people may wonder: There were many famous beauties in ancient my country, Liu, why are they only compared with jasper? I think this has two meanings: First, the name Biyu is related to the color of willow. "Bi" and "green" in the next sentence are complementary to each other. Second, Biyu will always leave a youthful impression in people's minds. When people think of jasper, they will think of the widely circulated "Jasper Song", "When Jasper Breaks the Melon", as well as poems such as "The Little House Girl of Biyu" (Xiao Yi's "Lotus Picking Ode"). Jasper has almost become a general term for young and beautiful women in ancient literary works. Comparing willow with jasper, people will imagine that this beauty has not yet reached the age of prosperity; this willow is still a young willow in early spring, and has not yet reached the time of dense leaves hiding crows; and the following "thin leaves" and "February" "Spring Breeze" is related again.
About the author
He Zhizhang, a poet of the Tang Dynasty. He was given the nickname Jizhen, also known as Vimalakia, and his nickname was Shichuang. In his later years, he changed his name to Siming Kuangke, also known as Secretary Waijian. He ranked eighth and was known as "He Ba". A native of Yongxing, Kuaiji (now Xiaoshan, Zhejiang). In the first year of Zhengsheng (695), he became a Jinshi and was awarded doctorate from the four disciplines of Guozi. He was transferred to Taichang Shaoqing and bachelor of Jixian Academy. In the thirteenth year of Kaiyuan (725), he was promoted to Minister of Rites, from the Palace to Secretary Supervisor. The old friend called him "He Mi Jian", also referred to as "He Jian". In the third year of Tianbao (744), he resigned and returned to his hometown to live in seclusion. He built Qianqiu Temple and lived in seclusion there. He died not long ago at the age of 86. He Zhizhang was famous for his poetry when he was young. During the Shenlong period (705-707), he became famous in the capital. In the early years of Kaiyuan, he was as famous as Wuyue people Bao Rong, Zhang Xu and Zhang Ruoxu for their poetry and prose. "One of the Four Outstanding Masters". He Zhizhang was an elegant and open-minded man who was a man of the Qing Dynasty. He especially liked to write poems and essays while drinking until the paper ran out. He once collaborated with Zhang Xu and Cui Zongsi on "Hai Lu" He Zhizhang also had a close relationship with Zhang Xu and was an in-law, so people often called him "Congratulations to Zhang". "Call it.
The two also often traveled together. "Everyone's house has good walls and barriers. Suddenly he forgets his purpose, writes a few lines, and flies away like insect seals. Although Zhang (Zhi) and Suo (Jing) in ancient times are not as good as those who do good things." Provide him with writings and pass them on as treasures." (Shi Su's "Jiatai Kuaiji Zhi") He Zhizhang is famous for his cursive script. "Shu Shu Fu" praised his cursive writing for "excellent writing" and "competes with nature, and it is achieved without manual labor." Mr. Lu's "Sequel Book Review" believed that "the writing is like flying, running inexhaustibly." Li Bai said in "Send Off" Wang Xizhi is compared to Wang Xizhi in his poem "Congratulations to the Guests Returning to Yue". It is said that "The flowing water of Jinghu Lake is clear and clear, and many crazy guests return to their boats to enjoy themselves. Shanyin Shi: If we meet each other, we should write "Huangting" in exchange for the white goose." Lu Xiang's poem "Send Congratulations to the Superintendent Returning to Kuaiji Yingzhi" poem "Qingmen resisted and thanked the guests, and his strong writing broke the rules of Wang Xianzhi. Chang'an Sujuan's calligraphy was biased, but the workers cherished it and kept it." It is said that he was Wang Xianzhi. At that time, people also called his cursive script, together with the falling star stone of Secretary Province, the crane painted by Xue Ji, and the phoenix painted by Lang Fuling, the "Four Wonders" of Secretary Province. However, very little of He Zhizhang's calligraphy has survived. The only cursive work that can be seen today is "The Classic of Filial Piety". His strokes are hearty and lively, his stipples are exciting, thick and thin, and the virtual and the real are accompanied; the structure bends left and right, following the trend; the composition is like gurgling water. Consistently straight down, fully embodies his suave, wild and uninhibited romantic feelings. He Zhizhang's cursive script kicked off the romantic trend of cursive script in the heyday of the Tang Dynasty. In addition, He Zhizhang was also good at regular script, and his "Longrui Palace Chronicles" has been handed down from generation to generation.
Modern translation of ancient poems
The tall willow tree is dressed like jasper, with thousands of willow branches hanging down with green silk strips. I don’t know who cut these thin willow leaves, but the February spring breeze, which is suddenly warm but then cold, is like scissors.
Appreciation of famous quotes - "I don’t know who carried out the thin leaves. The spring breeze in February is like scissors."
"Jasper is made up into a tree as high as a tree, with thousands of green silk ribbons hanging down." The ground captures the characteristics of the weeping willow. In the eyes of the poet, it is like the incarnation of beauty. The tall tree trunks are like her graceful grace, and the drooping wickers are like the ribbons on her skirt. Here, willow is human and human is willow. There seems to be no clear distinction between the two. And "jasper" also has a pun meaning. It not only coincides with the green color of the willow tree in the literal sense, but also refers to a young and beautiful girl. It echoes the "February Spring Breeze" below - this is a weeping willow in early spring. It has not yet reached summer and autumn. time. However, the following two sentences are even better: "I don't know who carried the thin leaves. The spring breeze in February is like scissors." Before He Zhizhang, who had ever thought that the spring breeze was like scissors? It turns the spring breeze in February, which is suddenly warm and cold, from invisible to tangible. It shows the magical dexterity of the spring breeze and makes "Ode to the Willows" a model work of poetry about things.
[Edit this paragraph] "Ode to the Willows" by Zeng Gong
The chaotic strips have not yet turned yellow, leaning against the east wind and becoming wild.
The flying flowers are obscured by the sun and the moon, and I don’t know that there is clear frost in the sky and the earth.
Introduction to the author
Zeng Gong (1019-1083), courtesy name Zigu, was a native of Nanfeng (now part of Jiangxi). A writer of the Northern Song Dynasty, one of the "Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties". In the second year of Song Jiayou's reign (1057), Zeng Gong was promoted to Jinshi. When he was a child, Zeng Gong and his elder brother Zeng Ye studied diligently. Bai showed good talent at a young age. His younger brother Zeng Zhao said in "The Deeds of a Dead Brother" that he was "born alert, not like a boy" and had an extraordinary memory, "reading tens of thousands of words and reciting them frequently". In the second year of Jiayou's reign (1057), at the age of 39, he passed the Jinshi examination, was appointed as the judicial officer of Taiping Prefecture, joined the army, and embarked on an official career. The next year, he was recalled to Beijing to compile and edit the history books, move to the pavilion for collation and Jixian for collation. In the second year of Xining (1069), he successively served as magistrates in Qi, Xiang, Hong, Fu, Ming, Bo and other prefectures, and had considerable political reputation. In the third year of Yuanfeng (1080), he moved to Cangzhou and passed the capital. When Shenzong summoned him, he proposed frugality as the key to financial management. He was highly appreciated by Shenzong and stayed in Sanbanyuan to serve. In the fourth year of Yuanfeng, Shenzong, with his proficiency in history, commissioned the History Museum to compile and compile a compendium of the history of the Five Dynasties, but it was not completed. In the fifth year of Yuanfeng, he worshiped the people of Zhongshushe. He died in Jiangning Mansion the following year. During Lizong's reign, he was given the posthumous title "Wen Ding". Zeng Gong's performance on the political stage was not very outstanding. His greater contribution lay in academic thought and literary career.
Zeng Gong's thoughts belong to the Confucian system. He agrees with the philosophical views of Confucius and Mencius, emphasizing "benevolence" and "sincerity". He believes that as long as he follows the "doctrine of the golden mean", he can learn with humility, introspection, and sincerity. world and dominate the world. Politically, he opposed the annexation policy and advocated the development of agriculture and the expansion of public opinion. When he was a local official, he always had "benevolence" in mind, "get rid of his treachery and strengthen his slackness; remove his suffering and heal his kindness" ("Preface to Qizhou Miscellaneous Poems"). Because of certain limitations in his thinking, he had some different views on Wang Anshi's reform. He believes that the more dense the Dharma is, the more harm it will cause. However, Zeng Gong did not advocate adhering to established laws. He expressed dissatisfaction with the obsessive behavior of those in power and proposed that "the law is adaptable, so there is no need to be the same; the Tao is the foundation, so it must be the same" ("Warring States Period") "Preface to the Policy Catalog"). It advocates necessary reforms to the law without losing the intention of the late king. In action, he was able to uphold the new law. When he was an official in Qizhou, he was able to implement the law of protecting the state so that the people of the state could live and work in peace and contentment. Zeng Gong's prose writing achievements were very high, and he was an active participant in the poetry innovation movement of the Northern Song Dynasty. He studied under Sima Qian, Han Yu and Ouyang Xiu, advocated "literacy to clarify the Tao", and extended Ouyang Xiu's view of "letters and words" to historical literature and inscriptions.
He said in the "Preface to the Catalog of the Southern Qi Dynasty": "The so-called good historian in ancient times must be clear enough to understand the principles of all things, his way must be enough to suit the world, and his wisdom must be enough to understand difficult emotions, and then he can do whatever he wants. He said that only "those who possess moral integrity and can write" can express their emotions and write "clearly" essays. Most of his prose works are "Ming Dao" works, and his writing style is famous for its "elegant, fair and harmonious" style. "History of the Song Dynasty" originally said that he "established his words among Ouyang Xiu and Wang Anshi. He was gentle but not annoying, simple but not obscure, and distinguished himself as a family of his own." His argumentative prose analyzes nuances, clarifies doubts, is outstandingly self-reliant, and analyzes difficulties without showing off his edge. "Tang Lun" is one of the representative works. It draws on ancient events to demonstrate and argue, discusses gains and losses while emphasizing principles. The language is melodious and fluent, and the rhythm is slow and unhurried. It is comparable to Ouyang Xiu's "On Party". His narrative prose is detailed and emotional, and his reasoning is relevant and vivid. The famous "Mo Chi Ji" and "Yuezhou Zhao Gong's Disaster Relief Ji Ji" combine narrative, discussion and lyricism, which are profound, powerful and reasonable. His books, prefaces and inscriptions are also very good prose. "A Letter to Ouyang Sheren" and "A Letter to the Governor of Fuzhou" have always been praised as model slips. The narrative is tactful and profound, the language is concise and concise, and the structure is very rigorous. "Preface to the Catalog of Warring States Policy" discusses human principles with great momentum and is highly praised by people at the time. When Xikun style became popular, the prose written by him, Ouyang Xiu and others followed the style of carving and piling up, focusing on simplicity and naturalness. Wang Anshi once praised and said: "Zengzi's articles are rare in the world, like the battle between rivers and Han stars." ("Gift to Zeng Zigu"). Su Shi also said: "The corporal of the Drunken Old Man's family is a miscellaneous servant, and it is difficult to become a virtuous one; Zengzi is alone in his excellence, but he is solitary and fragrant." Zeng Gong was also good at writing poems, with more than 400 poems handed down to the world. His poems may be majestic or majestic, or euphemistic and elegant, and all of them are profound in meaning and full of humor. "Forced Rent" depicts the tragic situation of "this year's ninth summer is drought, and the red sun is scorching thousands of miles away", and "although the plan is to sell one's strength, one's strength will not be weak". It is similar to Wang Anshi's poem "Merge". The quatrains "West Tower" and "Chengnan" are fresh and meaningful, and have the style of Wang Anshi's poetry in his later years. Most of his poems about things are full of new ideas, such as the poem "Ode to Willows": "The disordered strips have not yet turned yellow, leaning against the east wind and they are crazy. The flying flowers cover the sun and the moon, and I don't know that there is clear frost in the sky and the earth." The willow tree is used as a metaphor for the treacherous minister. and evil forces, the images are lifelike, the meaning is profound, and the story is unique. Zeng Gong's poems have an elegant style and fresh words, but some of them also have the common problems of Song poetry's classical language, which are concealed by their literary names, so they are not much noticed by people. Zeng Gong spent his life organizing ancient books and editing history books, and was also very successful. "Warring States Policy", "Shuo Yuan", "Biography of Women", "Li Taibai Collection" and "Chen Shu" have all been edited by him. The two books "Warring States Policy" and "Shuo Yuan" were saved from being lost thanks to his visit and collection. He must write a preface for every book he studies, in order to "distinguish academic chapters and examine the source of the study." Zeng Gong had a good collection of books, with more than 20,000 volumes of ancient books; he also collected 500 volumes of seal cuttings, named "Inscriptions on Gold and Stone". Zeng Gong was rigorous in his studies. He studied hard every time he learned something and thought deeply about it so that he could know its essentials and recognize its subtleties. Therefore, he could "gallop up and down, and work better as he went out". His younger brother, Zeng Zhao, said that his article "was circulated among people as soon as it was written down, and it circulated around the world in less than ten months. Scholars and officials copied it by hand and recited it orally, for fear that it would be too late" (Zeng Zhao's "Death of Brother", see "Yuan Dynasty") End of volume of Feng Lei Manuscript). Zeng Gong trained a number of famous Confucian scholars, including Chen Shidao, Wang Wujiu, Zeng Zhao and Zeng Bu. "Study Cases of the Song and Yuan Dynasties" says: "Chen Wuji (a teacher) loved learning and was determined. He paid tribute to Zeng Zigu with literature, and Zigu was the starting point for hundreds of crosses. The literary conventions were supplemented by meaning, and Wuji was greatly convinced." Zeng Gong's article It also had a great impact on future generations. Zhu Xi of the Southern Song Dynasty "loved his words to be strict and logical, and he practiced reciting them every day." The essayists Wang Shenzhong, Tang Shunzhi, Mao Kun, and Gui Youguang of the Tang and Song Schools in the Ming Dynasty, and the Tongcheng School Fang Bao, Liu Dahuai, Yao Nai, and Qian Lusi of the Qing Dynasty all regarded his articles as models. "History of the Ming Dynasty·Biography of Wang Shenzhong" records: "Shen Zhong was a writer. He first dominated the Qin and Han Dynasties. He said that there was nothing to be done under Tokyo. He had already used the method of writing in Europe and Zeng, so he burned all his old works and imitated them with all his heart. He was especially effective at Zeng Gong; He refused to accept it at first, but he changed over time and followed it. " Zeng Gong wrote a lot in his life, including 50 volumes of "Yuanfeng Leikuo", 40 volumes of "Sustaining Yuanfeng Leikuo", and 10 volumes of "Waiji" which are popular in the world. In addition, he also wrote "Wei Dao Lu", "Daxue Jizhong Zhuan", "Book of Rites", "Miscellaneous Work", "Political Policies of the Song Dynasty", "Teaching Examination of the Book of Songs", etc. After the Song Dynasty moved to the south, "Xu Manu" and "Wai Ji" were scattered and lost. Today, only 50 volumes of "Yuan Feng Lei Manu" remain. It is also said that the 30 volumes of "Longping Collection" were written by Zeng Gong, and the previous research and revision were based on false trust.
Explanation This poem vividly describes the scenery of catkins and flying flowers. With the help of the east wind, the catkins dance wildly and cover the sky, as if the whole world belongs to it. Capture the characteristics of things. It personalizes it and makes people see an image of being arrogant when one succeeds.
Appreciation "The first yellow has not changed" accurately identifies the early spring season. At this time, new buds are just sprouting on the willow branches.
The first and second sentences describe the messy willow branches fluttering wildly in the east wind. The fourth sentence uses the word "I don't know" to mock the stupidity and ridiculousness of the willow trees.
The way the willow tree is personified in the poem, and the poet's obvious derogation and ridicule of the willow tree, make this poem not a pure ode to the willow tree in nature.
Yong Liu and satirizing the world are aimed at those snobs who become rampant when they succeed.
The blend of physical objects and philosophy is profound and thought-provoking.
This is a poem about willows in early spring and February.
Where should I start when writing about willow? There is no doubt that its beauty lies in its long and draping branches. Once a year, it grows new green leaves, drooping, and has a charming attitude in the spring breeze. This is something everyone can appreciate. In classical poetry, this kind of image beauty is used to describe and compare the slender figure and graceful waist of a beautiful woman, which is what we often see. This poem has a new idea and is turned upside down. "Jasper makes up a tree as high as a tree". At the beginning, willow appears as a beauty: "Ten thousand green silk ribbons hang down", and these thousands of draping silks also become her skirt. The word "gao" in the upper sentence brings out the graceful grace of the beauty Tingting; the word "hang" in the second sentence implies that the slender waist is flowing in the wind. There are no words "willow" and "waist branch" in the poem, but the weeping willows in early spring and the beauty incarnated by the willow trees are vividly depicted. "Southern History" said that Liu Zhizhi, the governor of Yizhou, presented several willow trees, "the branches are very long, like silk threads." Emperor Wu of Qi planted these willows in front of the Yunhe Palace in Taichang, and admired them without caring about them, saying that they were "romantic and cute." ". The wicker is referred to as "green silk ribbon" here, which may be a metaphor for this famous allusion about willow. But this is chemical use, and no trace can be seen.
"Jasper made up" leads to "green silk ribbon", "green silk ribbon" leads to "who cuts it out", and finally, the invisible and elusive "spring breeze" is also used. "Like scissors" is vividly depicted. These "scissors" cut out green and bright red flowers and plants, giving the earth a new look. It is a symbol of natural vitality and a revelation of beauty that spring brings to people. From "jasper makeup" to "scissors", we can see a series of processes of the poet's artistic conception. The series of images that appear in the poem are closely linked to each other.
Some people may wonder: There were many famous beauties in ancient my country, Liu, why are they only compared with jasper? I think this has two meanings: First, the name Biyu is related to the color of willow. "Bi" and "green" in the next sentence are complementary to each other. Second, Biyu will always leave a youthful impression in people's minds. When people think of jasper, they will think of the widely circulated "Jasper Song", "When Jasper Breaks the Melon", as well as poems such as "The Little House Girl of Biyu" (Xiao Yi's "Lotus Picking Ode"). Jasper has almost become a general term for young and beautiful women in ancient literary works. Comparing willow with jasper, people will imagine that this beauty has not yet reached the age of prosperity; this willow is still a young willow in early spring, and has not yet reached the time of dense leaves hiding crows; and the following "thin leaves" and "February" "Spring Breeze" is related again.
"The jasper is as high as a tree, with thousands of green silk ribbons hanging down", which deeply captures the characteristics of the weeping willow. In the poet's eyes, it is like the incarnation of beauty. The tall tree trunks are like her graceful grace, and the drooping wickers are like the ribbons on her skirt. Here, willow is human and human is willow. There seems to be no clear distinction between the two. And "jasper" also has a pun meaning. It not only coincides with the green color of the willow tree in the literal sense, but also refers to a young and beautiful girl. It echoes the "February Spring Breeze" below - this is a weeping willow in early spring. It has not yet reached summer and autumn. time. However, the following two sentences are even better: "I don't know who carried the thin leaves. The spring breeze in February is like scissors." Before He Zhizhang, who had ever thought that the spring breeze was like scissors? It turns the spring breeze in February, which is suddenly warm and cold, from invisible to tangible. It shows the magical dexterity of the spring breeze and makes "Ode to the Willows" a model work of poetry about things.
Explanation
① Reliance - rely on, rely on. Crazy - Crazy. These two sentences describe how quickly the willow trees turn green in spring: the willow branches don't seem to have turned yellow yet, but they quickly turn green when the east wind blows warmly.
② Explain it--to understand it. Flying flowers - Catkins.
③The meaning of these two sentences is: Don’t just see the catkins flying, blocking the sky and the sun, but also know that there will be clear frost and willow leaves falling!
Literal meaning
The messy willow branches have not yet turned yellow, twisting and dancing wildly in the east wind.
It wants to cover the sun and moon with its flying catkins, but I don’t know that there is still autumn frost between heaven and earth