Deciduous shrubs, up to 4 meters high; Often clustered. Leaves opposite, papery, elliptic-ovate to ovate-lanceolate, apex acuminate, entire, bud with many imbricate scales. Young branches are square, old branches are nearly cylindrical, gray-brown, hairless or sparse, with lenticels; Squamous buds usually
Inserted in the axils of biennial branches, bud scales are nearly round, covered with tiles, and the outside is pubescent. Leaves papery to nearly leathery, ovoid, ovoid, sometimes oblong-lanceolate, 5-25 cm long, 2-8 cm wide, acute to acuminate, sometimes with a tail tip, and the base tip to round, with no hair except sparse hairs on the dorsal veins of leaves. Peanuts are fragrant in the axils of the second year branches, with flowers first and leaves later, with a diameter of 2 ~ 4 cm; Perianth is round, rectangular, obovate, oval or spoon-shaped, 5-20mm long and 5- 15mm wide, hairless, the inner perianth is shorter than the outer perianth, and the base has claws; Stamens are 4 mm long, filaments are longer than or equal to anthers, anthers are curved inward, glabrous, connective tips are short and pointed, and staminodes are 3 mm long; Carpels are hairy at the base, the style is three times as long as the ovary, and the base is hairy. Receptacle is nearly lignified, altar-shaped or obovate, 2 ~ 5 cm long, 1 ~ 2.5 cm in diameter, with contracted mouth and drill-like and needle-like hairy appendages. The leaves bloom first at the end of winter, and the flowers are solitary in the axils of annual branches, with short stalks and cup-shaped receptacle. Perianths are spirally arranged, yellow, waxy and fragrant. Flowering period 1 1 to March of the following year, there are many achenes, and the fruiting period is 4 to 1 1. [ 1]
Chimonanthus praecox and plum blossom
Difference: ① The colors of flowers are different. Chimonanthus praecox is mainly waxy yellow, while plum blossom is mainly white, pink and purple. ② The flowering period of Chimonanthus praecox is 2 months earlier than that of Prunus mume. (3) Chimonanthus praecox has straight branches, while Chimonanthus praecox has not only straight branches, but also drooping branches. (4) Chimonanthus praecox is a shrub with many branches, with a height of 2-4m, while Prunus mume is a tree with a main stem of 4- 10m. ⑤ The leaves of Chimonanthus praecox are opposite and the leaves of Prunus mume are alternate. In a word, the two are different subjects, which cannot be mentioned in the same breath.
Chimonanthus praecox likes sunshine, is resistant to shade, cold, drought and waterlogging. Chimonanthus praecox blooms proudly in frosty and snowy days, with yellow flowers like wax and fragrant smell. It is the main ornamental flower in winter. Afraid of wind and cold, it can safely overwinter when the temperature is not lower than-15℃. It can be cultivated in the open field in the south of Beijing, and the flowers will be frozen when the flowering period meets the low temperature of-10℃. It grows well on the slightly acidic sandy loam with deep, fertile and loose soil layer and good drainage, but it grows poorly on the saline-alkali soil. Strong drought tolerance and fear of waterlogging, so it is not suitable for planting in low-lying areas. Trees have strong growth potential, vigorous branches and easy germination of roots. Resistant to pruning and easy to shape. Flowers bloom first and then leaves. The flowering period is 165438+ 10 to March of the following year, and the flowers are rich. Fruit receptacle is altar-shaped, achene is oval, chestnut brown and shiny, and it matures in July and August.
Chimonanthus praecox is distributed in Central China, East China and Sichuan. It is planted in all major cities except South China. [4]
wintersweet
Species: classification, geographical distribution and evolution of Chimonanthaceae, divided into 3 genera, 9 species and 2 varieties. A key to the genera and species of a family is listed. Chimonanthaceae is considered to be a primitive family. Chimonanthus Chimonanthus, Chimonanthus Chimonanthus and Chimonanthus Chimonanthus are three genera distributed discontinuously in North America and East Asia. According to the study of anatomy, pollen morphology, pollination insects, embryonic development, cytology and chemical composition of Chimonanthus in Student Representative of a Course, the author thinks that Chimonanthus is the most evolved genus in Chimonanthaceae, Chimonanthus is the most primitive genus in the United States, and Chimonanthus is between these two genera. The evolution trend of Chimonanthus is from evergreen to deciduous, and the perianth and claw-free inner tepals are obviously differentiated.
Chimonanthus praecox, which is unique to China, blooms in the cold month and early spring. The yellow flowers are like wax, and the fragrance is overflowing.
Precious ornamental flowers and trees. Generally, solitary planting, opposite planting, cluster planting and group planting are arranged on both sides of the entrance of gardens and buildings, in front of halls and pavilions, behind windows and houses, at the corner of walls and lawns, and at the water edge and roadside. This is also the characteristic of potted flower piles and vase flowers. China traditionally likes to grow nandina domestica. In winter, red fruits, yellow flowers and green leaves complement each other, which can be described as color, fragrance and shape complement each other. More characteristic of China gardens.
The cilia of Chimonanthus praecox can block and absorb smoke and floating particles in the air, making the air fresh and clean. Chimonanthus praecox can effectively remove sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide and other harmful substances in the air.
Chimonanthus praecox is not only an ornamental flower, but also contains many aromatic substances, such as linalool, borneol, eucalyptol, pinene, sesquiterpene alcohol and so on. It is one of the fragrant flowers for making high-grade scented tea. Its refined high-grade perfume,1000g, is equivalent to the price of 5000g gold in the international market. Its flowers can also be used as medicine, which has the effects of relieving summer heat, promoting fluid production, promoting qi circulation, relieving cough, detoxifying and promoting granulation.
The representative variety is "Suxin Chimonanthus praecox": it is called "Yanling Suxin Chimonanthus praecox" in Yanling literature, and its heart is white and fragrant. It is also called Jin Zhongmei because its flowering period is not fully open, and its mouth is open downwards, like "hanging on the golden bell".
Li Shizhen said in Compendium of Materia Medica: "Chimonanthus praecox is sweet in taste, slightly bitter, picked and fried, washed with water, and mixed with oil and salt", which is not only delicious, but also "relieving fever and promoting fluid production".
Its fruit, called croton in ancient times, is toxic and can be used as a laxative, so it should not be eaten by mistake.
Lamei fish head soup
Stewed beef strips with wintersweet
Stewed tofu with wintersweet
Plum blossom porridge
Modern pharmacological analysis shows that Chimonanthus praecox contains borneol, eucalyptus oil essence and linalool. Chinese medicine believes that Chimonanthus praecox is slightly sweet, pungent and cool, and has the effects of relieving summer heat, promoting fluid production, stimulating appetite, relieving depression, detoxifying and promoting granulation, and relieving cough. Indications: dizziness, vomiting, fever, polydipsia, qi stagnation, nausea and cough. People often give wintersweet soup to babies, which has the effect of clearing away heat and detoxifying.
Commonly used convenient prescription
Chronic cough
Chimonanthus praecox seed
Stomach gas pain
otitis media
cold
burn
Summer heat, upset, dizziness, headache
Red eye
efficacy
wintersweet
Chimonanthus praecox contains volatile oil. The oil contains borneol, eucalyptus oil, linalool, myricetin, isorhamnetin, myricetin, a- carotene, linoleic acid, oleic acid and other chemical components. The leaves contain myricetin, myricetin and isorhamnetin. Fresh leaves contain cyanohydric acid. Seeds contain fatty oil, fatty acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid and other components. And it has good medicinal value, such as flower buds: warm in nature, sweet in taste and slightly bitter. Relieve summer heat, promote fluid production, stimulate appetite, relieve depression, moisten dryness and relieve cough. Indications: dizziness, vomiting, qi stagnation, stuffy stomach, measles, whooping cough, scald, fire injury, otitis media, etc. Rhizome, Xinwen. Dispelling wind and regulating qi, promoting blood circulation and detoxifying. Indications: asthma, cough, stomachache, abdominal pain, rheumatism, itching, sores and swelling, traumatic injury, etc. Appropriate amount for external use, grind and sprinkle. But fruits, branches and leaves are poisonous, and eating by mistake can cause strong convulsions.