The sunset melts gold, and the twilight clouds combine. Where are people?
how much do you know about spring when you dye willow smoke and play plum flute?
On the Lantern Festival, the weather is harmonious. Is there no wind and rain next time?
come and greet each other, pay tribute to BMW, and thank him for his wine friends and poems.
In the heyday of Zhongzhou, the boudoir door is full of defects, so remember to pay more attention to three or five.
Pave the green crown, twist the golden snow willow, and cluster the belt to compete for harmony.
I'm haggard now, and I'm afraid to go out at night.
it's better to listen to people laughing under the curtain.
sad memories have happened to everyone. It's just like sleeping and eating in life. There are more people and fewer people. And the living have a dream-like past. When I opened the picture of the past, I realized that the bitter tears had run out, and the laughter when I was young can only be calmly expressed. Life is not blindly heavy. When your social environment does not require you to be heavy, it is difficult to pretend to be deep. Once the wind and rain blow against my face, it will be more than just heavy. A woman, especially an ancient woman, would not expect suffering. They would rather stay in the boudoir, swing, or write a lovely poem and play a heart song for the rest of their lives. This only refers to women with status and status, and they are blessed. Unfortunately, good days don't always happen. Obviously, you can live happily, but the incompetent emperor was captured, the country was broken by half, and the war burned all your dreams. This is what happened to Li Qingzhao, a writer in the Song Dynasty. After the country was broken, she went to the south with the flow of people, and her husband Zhao Mingcheng died on the way. Later, she settled in Hangzhou to die.
When people are old, they like to think of things when they were young. However, Li Qingzhao's talent allows her to boldly put pen to paper, so there are more words and chapters in her pen to remember the past and the present. This poem "Never Encounter Joy" is a scar left by a collision when she relived her youth in her later years.
Today, I will try to understand Li Qingzhao's inner world in her later years with this Yuanxiao Ci.
yuanxiao is the lantern festival. Shangyuan is one of the traditional festivals in China. In the Song Dynasty, it was a festival that was valued by officials and people and celebrated by the whole country. Therefore, the poems of Shangyuan are basically about the intensity of their complexity and joy. Su Shi's "Die Lian Hua Mi Zhou Shang Yuan" is the next Shang Yuan word inherited from "Fire Tree and Silver Flower". There is a saying that "blowing sheng is fragrant and spits musk at the bottom of the account, and there is no dust following the horse", and "Drums and flutes have entered the farming and mulberry society", but nothing newer than Su Weidao has been dug up. Zhou Bangyan, a master of the rhythm of Ci, has a masterpiece "Jieyu Flower" of Shangyuan, which is not only good at composition, but also shows great skill in refining words and forging sentences. From "the wind sells crimson wax, revealing red lotus" to "osmanthus flowing tiles." It's gone, and Su E wants to "recover", "clear the leakage, fly back, and take a break from dancing", all of which reflect his extremely artificial posture. His writing is so gorgeous that ancient and modern writers can't match it. After reading the whole article, you can know that it is a masterpiece of praise for virtue, and the content repeats the grand occasion of "fire trees and silver flowers", which can be said to be beyond measure. It is really a pity to sing such a eulogy in the last years of the Northern Song Dynasty. Later followers also have to sigh that "the wording is perfect, but there is no singer." However, Xin Qiji's "Jade Case" is quite impressive, which should be another famous poem in Shangyuan after Su Weidao. "Looking back suddenly, the man is there, and the lights are shining" does write a new artistic conception. Li Qingzhao's shangyuan words, however, appear in front of readers with a melancholy tone, which is different from previous shangyuan words. Why does the uncharacteristic "Yong Yu Le" squeeze into the first-class lyrics?
The sentence "Sunset melts gold, twilight clouds combine" is very neat. The colors are bright and the scenery is spectacular. The slowly sliding sunset is like gold melting and dazzling, and the rosy clouds on the horizon have been dyed orange and red, which makes people forget to return. A full moon as bright as jade in the east has jumped up from the edge of the misty cliff, and distant evening clouds are rolling under it, just like a gorgeous pearl inlaid on a flowing colored silk ribbon. How vivid and magnificent! Just eight characters write the Shangyuan dusk in Hangzhou so strangely beautiful, without losing the pure beauty of nature. The long tune of the four-four-sentence sentence is especially suitable for antithesis. Ci writers have always shown great wisdom and competed for their colors. "Being cold deceives the flowers, trapping the smoke in the willows", "It's cold at night, hanging lights in the spring", "Clear water surprises autumn, Huang Yun condenses dusk", "Mountain smears weiyun, and the sky even fades grass" ... without losing its charm, but it feels that it is made of bricks and stones, and it lacks the interest of the sky. Li Qingzhao's eight-character sentence starts with a touching brush, which has both poetic charm and natural charm.
After describing the beautiful and spectacular natural scenery, the poetess sighed faintly, "Where is the person?" Did the original poetess who had gone through the disaster forget where she was? This rhetorical question is actually an unforgettable reflection of her motherland, and a strong feeling of homesickness has begun to emerge. Of course she understands that tonight is in Lin 'an-Hangzhou. But she won't, will never forget that "children and grandchildren have crossed the south in recent years, and they have been wandering with people". How could she forget that Qingzhou's hometown gambled on books and poured tea? How could she forget that "although the light is rustling, Weng Zhong is in the grass?" Do the adherents still plant mulberry and hemp, and the remnants are like hearing about the city. " Unless "where is my hometown? Forget unless you are drunk. " This question reveals Li Qingzhao's inner confusion at this time, and even twists the disillusionment of vicissitudes. People who don't have real life feelings can't write it. On the occasion of peace, the rich may sing, "When you wake up from a sad dream, the setting sun shines deeply in the courtyard." Sigh that time is fleeting. People who are frustrated in officialdom may say, "At the place of injury, the high city looks broken, and the lights are dusk." These are the explanations of the feelings of specific people in specific circumstances. Heaviness is the main atmosphere in Li Qingzhao's poems in his later years. Yan Shu and Qin Guan, two well-known writers of graceful and restrained school mentioned above, are mostly sentimental in their ci, which lacks the heaviness in Li Qingzhao's ci. This is a writer's specific work in a specific environment, and no one else can imitate it. Here, I want to point out the reason why Zhou Bangyan's ci is admired by later generations, but he is a "singer without songs". Even in the Northern Song Dynasty, when he lived, he was surrounded by crises, but this did not prevent him from writing praises and praises. Therefore, Zhou Bangyan's ci skills are first-class, but his content is empty. It is indeed a great pity.
The biggest difference between Li Qingzhao and Zhou Bangyan is that a true self appears in her ci, and a self who shows off his talent in his ci. As for the emotions that are relevant to life, there are really not many in Zhou Ci, and even if there are, they have to be carefully searched in his extremely exquisite chapters, and often you can't see why. Of course, this does not prevent Zhou from becoming the founder of metrical words. The works you read in Shu Yu's collection have a similar feature, that is, the language is pure and white, but the sentiment is deep. This word is certainly no exception.
The dusk in Hangzhou is certainly beautiful, especially when there is a sunset. Hangzhou in Li Qingzhao's works is also so beautiful. When Li Qingzhao's unforgettable thoughts of the old country are slowly flowing out, how can she face everything in her already desolate spiritual world?
Outside the window, there is a heavy willow sea. Dusk is coming, the smoke from cooking is thick, and the hanging dusk is swaying with the flying willow branches. At the beginning of the willow, the light smoke is used to it, which is enough to confuse people and make them feel uneasy. In addition, the flute of a song "Plum Blossom Complain" is coming from the faint smoke willow until it reaches the heart of the gaunt poetess. The scenery in front of us is confusing and disturbing. It is a willow dusk that is lost without seeing bright green. However, the spring scenery of the confused mood is accompanied by the sad sadness "Plum Blossom Fall", which sends the increasingly uncomfortable mood to the edge of melancholy. So the spring is a little shallow, and I have no intention to pay attention to the spring scenery in front of me. "How much do you know about spring?" It is the mood in this situation that is the most appropriate expression. In a word, because I am not in the mood, no matter how good the scenery is, it is difficult to call back my sad heart. This is not the case with Li Qingzhao when she was young. A continuous cold food rain annoyed her to death. "Spoiling willow flowers for cold food is close, and all kinds of annoying weather." I was worried that I couldn't come out to play at the Cold Food Festival until "the morning dew was clear and the new tung was introduced at the beginning", and I was relieved, and I was glad that generate had "how many trips to the spring"! In the end, I'm not quite at ease. "The sky is high and the smoke is gathering, but it's more sunny today?" . After the destruction of the country, the loss of cultural relics, the award of gold and remarriage, and the wandering around, Li Qingzhao is no longer young, at least in her mood. Willow smoke fans and the sound of flute will disturb her peaceful mind. It is a luxury for her to enjoy such elegant things as spring. People can't go back to the past. Just keep the laughter and laughter. When you mention it, you will feel touched, especially like Li Qingzhao, a woman with great life variables, who is even more unbearable than others.
The distant scenery is magnificent, while the nearby scenery brings people into the lost color. Next, the poetess revealed the unpredictable world and the sudden troubled times mentality. "Lantern Festival, harmony with the weather, is there no wind and rain?" This true confession is pungent. How can there be wind and rain in a good weather soon? It seems that Li Qingzhao's worry is unnecessary, and this is precisely the psychological expression of fear of catastrophe branded in people's hearts after the war. This is the specific psychology of the times. After the Jingkang Rebellion, the society was in turmoil, and the people suffered greatly from the war. The shadow of the war was deeply branded in the hearts of people who witnessed the war. The people in power have long forgotten the fact that my father and brother were taken into exile. What the emperor thought was not a revenge. He was afraid that his father and brother would not be emperor when they came back. Therefore, the Shangyuan Festival after Nandu is still full of color and prosperity. Eat, drink and be merry in time has become the main pursuit of these forgetful dignitaries. It is no wonder that later generations said "Hangzhou is a Bianzhou". To be sure, Li Qingzhao revealed more than just her own affair at this time. People must be good at forgetting sometimes, and can't remember too many pains firmly. This is not good for your health, and one person's strength can't save the decline of a country. The men who should take responsibility are hiding away to drink and have fun. What are you complaining about as a woman? Li Qingzhao, can you do it? Can you fight? Therefore, being honest is the serious thing. Don't satirize the emperor, saying that "life is a hero, and death is a ghost." So far, Xiang Yu has refused to cross Jiangdong, which makes men feel ashamed. Li Qingzhao's tragedy is that she is not good at forgetting, and she doesn't know how to "exchange ten thousand words for the owner's tree planting book" (Xin Qiji's Partridge Sky). This is a person's character, so you can't blame Li Qingzhao. In this passage, we find that Li Qingzhao's incurable wound has been torn again. Just like a person in a trance, one minute he thinks it will be fine, and the other he thinks it will be stormy. At this time, Li Qingzhao should look like this in the eyes of any ordinary person. And the past, will it be so important? In this way, the person who hurts will eventually be himself. Li Qingzhao repeatedly played up her amazing memory and her eternal sorrow.
The last sentence in the first three paragraphs is a rhetorical question. From the confusion of where I am to the loss of feeling that spring is already shallow, I finally reveal the unpredictable mentality of the world, vividly depicting the author's mind world that is numb and unshakable after being baptized by war. This is a gradual and in-depth process, from the vague and ignorant question about where she is, to the empty and lonely sea of spring willow smoke, which later sets off her unpredictable mentality. The first two sentences of each paragraph are four sentences, which the author writes as descriptive sentences and makes them antithetical. Although the number of words in the third sentence of the three paragraphs is different (four words, five words and six words in phase), sentence arrangement still appears because of the same sentence structure. Reading aloud has a sense of rhythm, and the number of interrogative sentences at the end of each paragraph increases, thus strengthening the emotional component. The first two sentences of each line are laid out in a positive way, written in colorful and elegant words, but later they are denied with a question. Through sharp contrast, it shows the poet's melancholy feelings, and with the increase of the number of interrogative words at the end of the paragraph, it shows its density.
In the first three paragraphs, readers have clearly seen the inner world of the poetess in her later years. Perhaps, brilliant poets always have something different. What about Li Qingzhao? In the last paragraph of the first half of the que, the author also specially arranged an episode, "Come and greet each other, enjoy the car BMW, and thank him for his wine friends and poems." After all, Li Qingzhao's fame is still there, and those dignitaries' wives have not forgotten Li Qingzhao. But she all declined their kindness. These friends should be people with considerable literary accomplishment, and they should often drink and talk about poetry with Qingzhao at ordinary times, otherwise there is no need to use "drinking friends and poetry lovers". I could have taken this rare opportunity to have fun with my friends, eliminate my worries, drink wine and write poems, and have a rare and lively Lantern Festival after the war. This was the right thing to do. Because she was really in a bad mood, she politely declined the kind invitation from her friends. When a person falls into the situation of "it's boring to try the lights and not in the mood to walk through the snow", he is still in the mood to go out and have fun and relax. Why doesn't the author want to go out for fun with his friends? In the second half, the author tells the truth from it.
since we're not playing, we have to stay at home alone. Staying alone for a long time, you will inevitably think about miscellaneous things, such as the past, today, yesterday, happiness, sadness, a string of laughter, and tears mixed with wutong rain ... Li Qingzhao can make her remember so much in her later years. My husband died and married by mistake, my country was ruined and my cultural relics were completely lost. Now I am alone. This kind of experience, once you seriously think about it, will inevitably add more pain to your heart. So Li Qingzhao began to throw her memory to a Lantern Festival decades ago.
"zhongzhou is in its heyday, and the boudoir door is full of defects. Remember to emphasize three to five." It turned out that at that time, women paid special attention to Shangyuan Festival. Because women in feudal times had no right to participate in political, military and other major social activities, they could only work at home. Women of rich families or women of decent families can at most add some red-painted women workers to drink and party or play some games such as fighting grass and beating horses. Even writing lyrics, poems and articles are considered as elegant things in the boudoir, which can only be spread in the boudoir and cannot be exaggerated. Personal freedom and the right to study are extremely curbed. Therefore, some famous female writers before and after Li Qingzhao did not make outstanding achievements. The most desirable days for women are grand festivals, such as cold food, Qingming Festival, Qixi Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival, Chongyang Festival, Spring Festival, Shangyuan Festival and People's Day. On these festivals, they can dress up happily, go outdoors for a spring outing with their partners, husbands and children, enjoy lanterns or reunite with their loved ones to sing poems and drink wine. Or invite a few good playmates to fight grass and fight horses. These festivals can make them completely in contact with the outside world. How eagerly young women who are locked in their boudoir are looking forward to such festivals! Among these festivals, Shangyuan Festival is women's favorite festival. Shangyuan is the Lantern Festival, which is the last day of the Spring Festival. In the Song Dynasty, it was a festival that officials and people attached great importance to. Zhou Mi's "Old Wulin Story Yuan Xi" contains: "There are thousands of kinds of mountain lanterns, which are extremely new and ingenious, strange and strange, and omnipresent ... and they are always preached in the streets. All the people are women, and Luo Qi is like a cloud. " Who can let such a grand festival go? Especially for women who are locked in boudoir.
"Pave the green crown, twist the golden snow willow, and cluster the belt to compete for harmony." Paving a green crown is a hat decorated with jade feathers, which is a timely decoration for women during the Lantern Festival. Twisted golden snow willow is a snow willow made of silk or paper with gold thread, while snow willow is a flower made of silk paper. "Cluster belt" is a dialect in the Song Dynasty, which means that jewelry is densely inserted and worn all over the head. "Qi Chu" means beauty. The last three sentences mean that in order to dress more beautifully than others, women dress themselves up with beautiful and noble ornaments. Of course, the poetess's mood in those days should be light. She is interested in spreading green crowns and twisting golden snow willows to compete with each other. Knowing that fate plays tricks on people, it is less prosperous and desolate in the evening. "Year after year in the snow.