Where is the Amazon River located in South America? What's the climate like?

Amazon River is located in the north of South America, with the widest drainage area and the largest flow in the world. The Amazon river basin is located near the equator, with hot and humid climate and abundant rainfall. The annual average temperature is 25 ~ 27℃, and the annual average precipitation is mostly 1500 ~ 2500mm. It belongs to the tropical rain forest climate and is the largest distribution area of tropical rain forest in the world. The seasonal distribution of precipitation in the basin is relatively uniform, and the main stream water volume is compensated in different periods, which is abundant all year round and has little seasonal change. Every year, the amount of water injected into the Atlantic Ocean reaches 6.93 trillion m3, accounting for11/of the total water injected into the ocean by rivers all over the world. The average discharge of the estuary is 65,438+750,000 m3/s, the maximum discharge in flood season is above 220,000 m3/s, and the minimum discharge in dry season is also above 20,000 m3/s. The fluctuation of water level between the lowest water level and the highest water level in the river is more than 20m. Because the main stream and the right bank tributary of the Amazon River are located in the south of the equator, the change of river flow mainly depends on the right bank tributary, while the left bank tributary north of the equator only promotes the formation of the flood season and compensates the water quantity in the dry season. Due to the different rainy seasons in the north and south of the equator, there are two major floods in the Amazon River basin every year. The high flood season occurs from March to June, and the highest water level occurs in June, and its peak flow accounts for 40% of the total annual flow, and the secondary flood season occurs in 10 ~ 1 1. June-September is the dry season, which accounts for 14% of the total annual flow.

The climate in the Amazon basin is warm, humid and rainy. Near the equator (not far north of the Amazon River), the length of the day, the length of the night, etc. There are often clear skies at night, which is beneficial to radiate the heat received by the sun during the day 12 hours. The temperature difference between day and midnight is greater than that between the warmest month and the coolest month, so night is winter in the Amazon basin. In Manaus, the average daily high temperature is 32℃(89℉) and the average low temperature is 24℃(75℉). Occasionally, there will be cold periods, especially in the southern hemisphere winter. A particularly powerful air mass sweeps across the Amazon River basin from the polar regions to the north, resulting in a sudden drop in temperature. At any time of the year, after a few days of heavy rain, it is sunny, cool at night and low humidity. In the downstream area, the cool trade winds blow most of the year.

Precipitation is more important than temperature for the climate in this area. The moisture-filled wind from the Atlantic Ocean passes through South America and is forced to rise when it reaches the eastern slope of the Andes. In this way, the air is cooled and loses moisture through condensation. As a result, the heavy rain gathered into a river and flowed eastward from the Andes, forming such a vast Amazon river system. Over the lowlands, a large area of convective storms will produce a lot of precipitation.

According to different rainfall conditions, the Amazon region can be divided into three climate types: the first one occurs in the mouth of the Amazon River and the west of the basin, with an average annual rainfall of more than 2000 mm (80 inches) and a uniform annual rainfall distribution; In some years, the precipitation can reach twice the normal precipitation, and in some years, it can be dry for a long time without rain. The second includes most parts of the Amazon, and there is a season when the precipitation is particularly low, but it is not serious enough to affect plant growth. The third type includes the southern margin of the Amazon basin, where the climate gradually changes to the central and western Brazil, and the southern hemisphere has a more obvious dry season in winter.

In the dry season, the prevailing wind direction is east-northeast to east-southeast, and it is gentle wind in July and August, but in the rest of the dry season, gusts sometimes reach strong winds. This season is the best time for tourists to row upstream or downstream.