The first couplet takes "hate farewell" and points out the theme of homesickness and worrying about the country. "four thousand miles", hate being far from home; "Five or six years" is a long period of war. Personal suffering experience and national hardship are all reflected in these quantifiers. In the spring of 759 (two years), the poet bid farewell to his hometown Luoyang and returned to Sigong in Huazhou to join the army. He soon gave up his official residence in Qin Zhou and Tonggu, and then came to Chengdu, with a journey of 4,000 miles. When the poet wrote this poem, it was five or six years since the Anshi Rebellion broke out in November 700 (Tianbao 14th year). In the past few years, the rebels have ravaged all parts of the Central Plains, causing endless pain and rivers of blood, which is the poet's deep concern.
The vegetation weakened and went beyond the sword, and the soldiers blocked the old river.
Zhuan Xu describes the poet's exile in Shu. "All plants and trees are decaying" comes from Song Yu's Nine Arguments. Here refers to the ups and downs of vegetation, inheriting the "five or six years" of the previous sentence, suggesting that it has been in Shu for many years, and at the same time echoes the "old" of the next sentence, which is deeper than the poet's own wandering and haggard. When the poet came to Chengdu, thanks to the help of relatives and friends, he lived a relatively stable life in the thatched cottage, but he never forgot his homesickness and love for his loved ones. Because of the "military blockade", he could not return to his hometown and had to live on the edge of Jinjiang. The word "old" on the "old riverside" is sad and gloomy and inexhaustible.
I miss my home, but I miss my brother. I watch the clouds and sleep during the day.
By describing the life details of "sleepless at night, worrying but not normal" (detailed notes in Du Shaoling Collection), the Neck Couplet expresses the deep feelings of homesickness and missing my brother in a tortuous way. Du Fu has four younger brothers, named Du Guan, Feng Du and Du Zhan. Among them, Du Guan and Feng Du are scattered all over the country, and only Du Zhan went to Shu with Du Fu. The words "homesickness" and "thinking of my brother" are intertextual. On a moonlit night, I couldn't sleep, and suddenly I stood still. Lying and watching clouds during the day, I slept very tired. The poet's restless behavior euphemistically and tortuous expressed his infinite yearning for his loved ones, highlighting the "hate farewell" of the topic. Commenting on this couplet, Shen Deqian said: "If we talk about how to think and how to remember, things will be easy. Both Step on the Moon and Look at the Clouds are wonderful. "In other words, it is not an abstract sentiment, but a concrete and vivid image, which makes readers feel the sadness contained in the image. The technique is ingenious and poetic.
I heard that Heyang was going to win, and Stuart was worried about Youyan.
Wei Lian responded to the second sentence, expressing the good news that the poet Tang Jun won Lien Chan, hoping to break the anxiety of Youyan and quell the rebellion as soon as possible. In March 760 (the first year of Shangyuan), the proofreader Stuart Li Guangbi broke Antaiqing under Huaizhou City; In April, Shi Siming was broken in the river of Zhu Xi. This is the historical fact of "victory" in poetry. At that time, Li Guangbi was eager to attack Youyan, the lair of the rebels, to break the deadlock. Du Fu is looking forward to national rejuvenation, and he can return to his hometown himself. There's nothing better. This poem ends with a hopeful sentence, and the feelings turn from sadness to joy, which shows the poet's openness.
These seven methods use simple and beautiful language to describe lyricism, which is near and far, with simple words and deep feelings. The poet combines his personal experience with the destiny of the country, and each sentence is rich in connotation and full of poetry, which is worthy of readers' repeated aftertaste.