Longpan in Jiangning, Dengwei in Suzhou and Xixi in Hangzhou all produce plums. Or: "Mei takes pleasure as beauty, straight without posture; Take beauty as beauty, and the law has no scenery; Sparse is beautiful and secret is stateless. " Solid also. This literati painter, knowing what he meant, failed to write a letter to the queen and won the plum blossom on earth; And you can't let everyone straighten up, delete secrets, straighten up, and make money by killing mei disease Mei. People who are not in a hurry for money can also take away their wisdom. Others use the secret of literati loneliness to tell Plum, correct it, raise its edge, delete its secret, kill its young branches, hoe its height, and curb its anger, so as to pay a high price: Plum in Jiangsu and Zhejiang are all sick. The disaster of literati painters is so fierce!
I bought 300 pots in advance, all of them were sick, and I didn't finish any pots. After crying for three days, I vowed to treat it: let it go, destroy its basin, bury it in the ground and untie it; For five years, it will be restored. I am willing to be criticized for this kind of non-literati painter and set up a museum of sick plums for storage.
Oh! Ann gave me more leisure days and more fields to store the sick plums in Jiangning, Hangzhou and Suzhou, and to treat them when I was poor!
Explain in detail:
On the surface, this article is about Mei, but in fact it is a metaphor for people. Every word attacks current politics and has a profound meaning. The author alludes to the ugly behavior of the ruling class to imprison ideas and destroy talents by saying that the literati do not love natural and healthy plums, but take sick plums as beauty, which leads to the destruction of plums. "Someone told me about the loneliness of literati and painters", implying that he was an accomplice of feudal rulers, and according to his master's intention, he rushed to serve and suppress talents as his profession. Correcting and deleting secrets and hoeing directly is a means to kill plum blossoms and sick plum blossoms, and it is also a bad means for the feudal ruling class to kill talents; They attack and frame those honest, talented, backbone and energetic talents, but what they want to create is only "sideline" and dead branches whose vitality is stifled, that is, crooked, evil and lifeless slaves and mediocrities. The author "bought 300 pots" and "cried for three days", crying for the sick plum, crying for the talent being strangled, and expressing deep sympathy for the talent being strangled in infinite grief and indignation. "Let it go, destroy its basin, bury its soil and untie its brown bondage", that is to say, it is necessary to break the bondage and bondage of the feudal ruling class to talents and let people's talents develop freely. "Everything must be restored", we must restore the nature of plums and preserve their natural and healthy forms. This just reflects the author's eagerness to emancipate his personality and "drop talents without sticking to one pattern". It can be seen that this article ostensibly writes about Mei, but actually uses Mei to discuss politics. By writing Mei, it attacks the darkness of society and expresses its political ideals.
On the surface, this article is about Mei, and it is not beside the point. In fact, it was written in the name of Mei, and the metaphor was true, and every word mocked the current politics, with profound implications. The author uses the example that literati painters do not love natural and healthy plums, but prefer morbid plums, which leads to the serious destruction of plum blossoms, and alludes to the criminal acts of the Manchu Dynasty in which harsh thoughts were imprisoned and talents were destroyed. That kind of "lonely seclusion of literati" just implies the selfish ulterior motives of feudal rulers; His directness, omission and correction show how these feudal rulers brutally persecuted talented, ambitious and backbone people. What they want is some stubborn, shameless, stubborn lackeys who are passive to Nuo Nuo, so as to maintain the dark, decadent and crumbling reactionary rule. This is the real meaning that they think plum blossom is beautiful with music, compassion and sparseness.
After the first paragraph reveals the social roots of plum disease, the second paragraph describes the course and expectation of treating plum. "Buy 300 pots in advance, and all patients are sick", followed by "Jiangsu and Zhejiang plums are sick"; "No man is perfect" is closely related to the above-mentioned "the disaster of literati and painters is so fierce", and the feeling of compassion and indignation is full of generation, which naturally leads to "three days of weeping". Tears for the sick plum, just because the talent was killed. The tearful language, sympathy and anger make readers "however, I feel the harmonious heartbeat of the sacred unicorn" and cause * * * sound. The author ignores the social reality of sick plum and has an insight into the social roots of sick plum. It is not negative, but "buy 300 pots in advance" and "swear to cure". How bold the action is, how positive the attitude is and how profound the language is. The ways to cure plums are "letting nature take its course", "destroying its basin", "burying its ground" and "solving its brown knot". "Going with the flow" is to break the shackles of feudal rule on talents, let talents develop freely and liberate their personalities. To "destroy its basin" and "untie its brown bondage" is to destroy the spiritual shackles that feudal rule imprisoned talents. "Everything must be restored" means to exert talents, and all kinds of talents can exert their talents. Here reveals the author's desire for personality liberation and "eclecticism". The author's description of "waiting for Mei" reflects his indignation at cruel rule, his urgency for reform and his strong desire for personality liberation. Judging from the choice of words and sentences, the sentence pattern is short, the rhythm is fast, and the pen is vigorous, which makes readers feel that it is urgent and unshakable to "treat plum blossoms". Verbs such as "buy", "cure", "vertical", "shun", "ruin", "complex" and "all" have written a series of actions and determination to cure plum blossoms, which fully shows the author's full indignation at the oppression and bondage of absolutism and his passion for the struggle of absolutism in real society. "Give it to a non-literary painter, willing to be criticized, and build a museum to store sick plums", which clearly shows the author's position and determination to fight. "To a Non-Literati Painter" shows that he is not a kindred spirit with them, nor is he in cahoots with them. Willing to be criticized shows the idea of daring to face the social reality, criticizing the current disadvantages, not afraid of attack and persecution, and determined to fight against the feudal ruling class. "Open the Museum of Sick Plum", point out the theme and close the previous article.
The first two paragraphs of the article, from writing sick plum to writing sick plum museum. The last paragraph, written for the mind of treating Mei. Use the exclamation "alas" to lead to discussion. "More leisure days, more leisure fields, to save the sick plums in Jiangning, Hangzhou and Suzhou", take care of the sick plums in Jiangsu and Zhejiang, and look forward to a lot of leisure time and leisure fields. In fact, I lament that I don't have much leisure time and my strength is limited, and that my strength is not enough to save talents from being strangled, so I use the rhetorical question "Give me peace ... Yes" to express my intention that I am poor enough to give my life to cure plums. The sigh at the end fully shows the author's ambition to persist in struggle by way of discussion.
★ "Sick Plum Restaurant": The article is about plums from all over the world, but it is also about society from all over the world. Writing plum is a bright line, writing society is a dark line. Such as: "Mei takes pleasure as beauty, but straightness leads to no posture;" Take beauty as beauty, and the law has no scenery; ..... The literati painter, knowing what he meant, failed to write a letter to the figures to protect the beauty of the world. You can't let the world straighten up, delete secrets, straighten up, and make money from plum blossoms and sick plums as your own business. " Here, "literati painter" refers to the feudal ruler. From the beginning, people began to make "articles" about Mei's preferences and began to associate them. "You can't write the trombone clearly" is an irony. The original intention is that literati painters want to write a trombone clearly in order to make the world better. Many contents in the article are the author's comments, such as the second paragraph, the last line and the last paragraph of the third paragraph. It can be said that there is little content in the whole article that is purely about growing plums, and most of the content is the author's idea. Therefore, we can draw a conclusion that it is secondary for the author to write directly about the growth of Mei, and it is the author's real purpose to comment on it. When we read the full text repeatedly, we will find that the author has a strong sense of morality in the article. In fact, the author is using plum blossom to illustrate the destruction of talents by feudal rulers. The article said: "The curse of literati and painters is so fierce! "I am full of anger at this system of suppressing talents. & ltbr & gt
Look at the contents of these two articles, and we will clearly find the difference between them. The two articles have different ages, different writing purposes, different writing methods and different expression effects. It is completely different in the expression of the theme. From the depth of the theme, of course, the story of the sick plum pavilion is more profound.
★ Thinking and significance of "Sick Plum House";
A: Through the fact that gardeners are influenced by painters, destroying the beauty of nature and making plum blossoms morbid, the article directly expresses the author's deep hatred for the morbid aesthetics of those literati painters. Mei's metaphor reflects the author's dissatisfaction with the feudal rulers' restraint and suppression of talents. Oppose the affectation of high society. Enthusiastically yearn for the free development and spiritual liberation of talents.
★ Not stick to one pattern
The idiom "not sticking to one pattern" means not being limited to one specification or way.
This idiom comes from Gong Zizhen's "Jihai Miscellaneous Work". I suggest that God stand up again, let go of his talents and don't stick to a pattern.
Gong Zizhen was a thinker and writer in Qing Dynasty. 1792, born in Renhe, Zhejiang (now Kangzhou), a feudal bureaucratic family. He loved reading since he was a child, especially learning to write poems. /kloc-wrote poetry at the age of 0/4, wrote lyrics at the age of 0/8, and became a famous poet at the age of 20. His poems are full of imagination, gorgeous language and romantic style. In his poems, he exposed the darkness and corruption of the Qing Dynasty, advocated reform, supported the anti-smoking faction, opposed aggression and compromise, and was full of patriotic enthusiasm. He is a patriot.
Gong Zizhen was a juren at the age of 27 and a scholar at the age of 38. She worked as an official in the Qing government for about 20 years. Because he was dissatisfied with the corruption and darkness in the officialdom, he was excluded and hit. 1839, at the age of 48, he resolutely resigned and returned to his hometown. On the journey back to his hometown, he looked at the great rivers and mountains of the motherland and witnessed the people living in misery. He couldn't help but be moved by this scene and improvise one poem after another.
One day, Gong Zizhen passed by Zhenjiang and saw a sea of people on the street, which was very lively. When asked, it turned out that local tyrants were participating in the competition. People worship with the Jade Emperor, Fengshen, Raytheon and other gods. At this time, someone recognized Gong Zizhen. On hearing that the contemporary writers were coming, a Taoist priest rushed forward and begged Gong Zizhen to write a eulogy for the immortals. Gong Zizhen wrote a poem "Kyushu is angry and relies on Lei Feng" with a wave of his hand. The whole poem is * * * four sentences:
"Kyushu is angry with Lei Feng,
It is sad to study it;
I suggest that god stand up again,
Don't stick to a model and leave behind talents. "
Kyushu in the poem is synonymous with the whole of China. The main idea of the poem is that China should live and rely on the rapid changes of society. It is frustrating that people are afraid to speak now. I advise god to cheer up, don't stick to the rules and throw useful talents to the world.
Later, people simplified "not sticking to one pattern to reduce talents" to the idiom "not sticking to one pattern", which was used to show that people were not bound to one specification or method.
In the poem, the idiom "ten thousand horses are together" is also extended, which means that the air situation is dull.
★ There are "Yao" of "Yao Mei" and "Yao Zhi" of "Yao Mei" in Diary of a Sick Plum House. Interpreters interpret "demon" as "making … die early" and translate "Yao Mei" into "making Mei die early". However, the interpretation of "Yao" is "kill, kill, destroy, kill", and the translation of "Yao young branch" is "kill (kill, destroy, kill) the tender branch of plum". Tan Ben, a high school Chinese textbook, simplifies "want" and generally interprets "want" as "go", all of which are debatable. The correct interpretation of "waist" should be "disabled" or "disabled" and "waist" should be "bent". "Yao" and "Yao" can only be taken off when they are interpreted as "premature death (short folding)" and "breaking and killing (folding)", and other things cannot be confused. It is best not to use simplified characters when reprinting ancient books. If it is used, it should also be explained in the remarks.