1. Reason: In the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, warlords were domineering, which affected the political stability. In the early Song Dynasty, the rulers learned the lessons from the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, and even manipulated the regime, abolished the emperor and changed the dynasty. Song Taizu carved an oath tablet: don't kill literati, don't kill people who write books; Through a glass of wine, the military attache was relieved of his rights, and literati replaced military commanders as local officials.
2. What impact does the national policy of valuing literature over martial arts have on the country? ：
During the Northern Song Dynasty, "worshipping and restraining martial arts" was initially established as one of the important strategies for governing the country. The regiment learned from the historical experience of warlordism and "military domineering" in the late Tang and Five Dynasties. But with a constant? The land has been promoted, implemented and integrated with "we will conquer from it", which leads to "using literature to control martial arts"? This strategy is the result of overcorrection, and it is also the product of the combination of the autocratic imperial power and the interests of the civilian literati group in the Northern Song Dynasty. See Chen Feng's "A Study on the Military Commander Groups and Related Issues in the Northern Song Dynasty". In 2009, under the influence of this basic concept and strategy of governing the country, the social values of the Northern Song Dynasty changed greatly, and there was a prominent concept of discriminating against military commanders and joining the army, so "joining the army" was used? The phenomenon has largely disappeared, and there has also been an obvious gap between civil servants and military commanders, which has dealt a great blow to military commanders? What is the background and influence of the national policy of valuing literature over martial arts in the Northern Song Dynasty? Group, which led to its spirit and quality tend to degenerate, thus causing serious consequences to the border defense in the Northern Song Dynasty. As the Yuan people said, "Song relied on culture and education, and was slightly martial." (Yuan) Excluding History of Song Dynasty (Volume 493), we can see Zhonghua Book Company 1997. Changes in national policies will directly affect the formulation and reform of the entire political system. The central rulers attached importance to the role of literati and put forward the slogan of not killing literati, indicating that in the Northern Song Dynasty? During this period, the scholar-officials have penetrated into all departments of state rule and played a decisive role. "Worship" in Northern Song Dynasty? Long-term implementation of the general strategy of "using literature to control martial arts" and the strategy of "using literature to control martial arts" has played a role in maintaining the order of autocratic rule? Important supporting role. During the Northern Song Dynasty, there was never a national civil strife. The so-called "foreign invasion without infighting"? Worried. "Long-term and stable internal environment, literati can enjoy relatively more freedom, which is related to' respecting literature and restraining martial arts'? About the atmosphere. This has undoubtedly played a positive role in promoting the development of economy, culture and science and technology. ? Mr. Chen Yinque believes that "the culture of the Chinese nation has developed for thousands of years and reached its peak in the Zhao and Song Dynasties". ? This shows that this policy has also played a positive role in the whole development process of the country to a certain extent. At that time, it was because of suppressing the authority of military commanders and attaching importance to the role of civil servants that the country became stable and avoided. It avoided the situation that the five generations of military commanders seized power. ?
3. What influence does the national policy of valuing literature over martial arts have on literati? ：
Scholars in the Northern Song Dynasty have made great achievements in all aspects. The prosperity of literature and art and the rise of science education are great contributions to the whole China culture after the rise of literati status. The policy of valuing literature over martial arts in the Song Dynasty changed the social atmosphere in China feudal society, especially in the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, and formed a reading atmosphere. In China's feudal society, it is rare for Song people to study for knowledge. Not only did the emperor take the lead in reading, but in the eyes of ordinary people, they all thought that "everything is inferior, and only reading is high." Fan Zhongyan's poems in his hometown openly appeal to "the villagers don't envy each other and teach their children to write poems". Jinming Guan Cong Manuscripts Publishing House, 25th edition (1982 edition). . ? There were countless examples of people studying hard at that time. Su Xun "At the age of twenty-seven, I became very angry, thanking the teenagers who came and went, and reading behind closed doors as a literary expression." Ouyang Xiu's article is the best in the world. Someone asked him how to make a fuss. Ouyang Xiu replied: "There is no other way, just study hard and do more." (Song) Ouyang Xiu's Epitaph of Ouyang Wenzhong's Public Collection (Volume 5), four books of the photocopying hall. ? When people in Song Dynasty read books, most of them paid attention to connecting with reality and applying what they had learned. ? We have to admit that this policy in the Northern Song Dynasty was indeed cultural. What is the background and influence of the national policy of valuing literature over martial arts in the Northern Song Dynasty? Played a positive role.
4. What is the influence of the national policy of valuing literature over martial arts on military commanders? ：
The implementation of this policy has affected the military commanders who have repeatedly made outstanding achievements? The oppression and exclusion from all walks of life have greatly suppressed the psychology of military commanders, but what about losing power? But it also makes them helpless. But at the same time, the military commanders were greatly restrained and suppressed, and they used force. The combat capability cannot be brought into normal play, the confidence and courage of a military commander's role are shrinking day by day, and the atmosphere of fear of war is shrinking day by day. Diffuse up and down the barracks. This has also led to the prevalence of the fashion and values of "respecting literature and restraining martial arts" in society. The consciousness of defending the country has no proper place. So, what about the courage, pioneering and martial arts since the Qin and Han Dynasties? Lost spirit. Because of this, although there were many courtiers and scribes in the Song Dynasty, they talked about soldiers, borders and elections. "Talking, but after all, it's useless. This must be reduced in an important way? The army's combat effectiveness, which caused serious damage to the border defense in the Northern Song Dynasty, led to its long-term existence in foreign wars? The situation of passive beating. ? Later generations called the northern song dynasty "the sound is strong and the soldiers are weak", which hit the nail on the head. The decline in the status of military commanders directly led to the decline in the combat effectiveness of the army, which led to the situation of poverty and weakness throughout the Northern Song Dynasty. ?
The national policy of valuing literature over martial arts had an impact on military commanders outside that time, and also had a great impact on the social and political system in the future. The development of the degree and the stability of the country have had a far-reaching impact. ? It is self-evident that the status of military commanders has declined and the combat effectiveness of the army has also declined. In the whole north? During the Song Dynasty, the country was always in a state of division, and domestic troubles and foreign invasion were very serious. Should we always guard against them? Foreign invasion. Defense is already very difficult, not to mention attacking neighboring small countries to complete national reunification. What is the background and influence of the national policy of valuing literature over martial arts in the Northern Song Dynasty? One. The combat effectiveness of the army can't be compared with before, but a mentality of literati who are content with the status quo and don't seek progress. Throughout the Northern Song Dynasty, most people lived a conservative and comfortable life. Children are more and more afraid of war. Finally, when the Jin people entered the territory of the Northern Song Dynasty, did the peace faction occupy a dominant position? A little. The country perished with it.