Du Fu
Hunan is a guest,
Swallows carry mud twice.
Go to the ancient garden to taste God,
Today's society is far away from people.
Pity is everywhere,
What is the difference? It's a gift.
Anyway, the ship is still rising,
Wearing flowers and sticking water benefits from towels.
Du Fu left the gorge in the third year of Dali (768), first drifted to Hubei and then moved to Hunan. In the first month of the fourth year of Dali, he went from Yuezhou to Tanzhou. When writing this poem, it was the second spring, and the poet was still stranded in Tanzhou, taking the boat as his home. Therefore, at the beginning of the poem, it is pointed out that "Hunan moves spring for guests", and then swallows nest in the mud to vividly describe the scene of spring, thus leading to the object of singing-swallows.
"Going to my hometown to taste the Lord, now the society is far away from people." These two sentences are the poet's question to the swallow: In the old days, you once knew my master when you entered my hometown, and now you look at me from afar on the Spring Festival. Do you want to know why my master has become so lonely and old? What about his hometown? Why is he drifting on a lonely boat? "Wofang is pitiful everywhere. What's the difference?" These two sentences are still what the poet said to the swallow. I'm always sick. Who will pity me? Only you, Swallow, will care about me. I sympathize with you too. The world is so vast, but the swallow can only nest everywhere, and there is no place to live. What's the difference between this and my wandering around in the vast rivers and lakes? "For the time being, it's still a boat going up, wearing flowers and sticking water towels." In order to comfort my loneliness, little swallow, you came to my boat and had a rest on it for a while, but just after a few words with me, you immediately got up and flew away, because you were also busy making a living and kept catching mud and insects. And you can't bear to leave, so I can't help crying.
This poem is written on a boat, as if to accompany a lonely poet; The poet's feelings gurgled into the reader's heart like spring water. We seem to see a white-haired poet, sick in a lonely boat, and a light swallow standing on the boat. This lively little life brought the poet the message of spring. What could be more touching than our poet looking up at the swallow's affectionate conversation and muttering while sighing?
The whole poem shows the worries of wandering and turbulence completely, and "Spring is the guest" is the main bone of an article. It seems that every sentence is a tribute to Yan, but it is actually a sentence related to his endless life experience. The relationship between things is seamless, so people can't tell whether people pity Yan or Yan pity others. It's sad and touching. Lu Shique, a Qing Dynasty man, commented: "This child was made when he lived in Hunan in his later years. This is how the seven-character poem is rolled up. Within 56 words, it is similar to things and seems complicated. It has a feeling of endless life experience, but it doesn't say a word. When you read it, you will feel that the paper is full of tears. Later generations are also thousands of years, and their poems can be so touching. "
Snacks are cooked on the boat.
Du Fu
Jia Chenqiang's diet is still cold,
Several depressions, wearing crowns.
Spring boat sitting in the sky,
The old man's flowers look like fog.
Juanjuan is playing with butterflies on the lazy curtains.
Pieces of light seagulls are rushing from below.
Bai Yun Mountain is thousands of miles green,
Looking straight to the north is Chang 'an.
This poem was written more than half a year before the poet's death, that is, he stayed in Tanzhou for a long time, and in the spring of the fifth year of Dali (770), it showed his thoughts and feelings of being stranded in a river boat in his twilight years and still deeply concerned about the safety of the Tang Dynasty.
Snacks refer to the day after cold food and the day before Qingming. From cold food to Qingming, the fire was banned for three days, so the first sentence said, "Good morning is strong, and the diet is still cold." Whenever there is a beautiful festival, the poet still cheers, despite his old illness. "Spirits" tells not only that sick people can't drink, but also reveals the feeling of being reluctant to take a holiday while wandering. This opening is a lyrical description of the scenery in the poem, and an internally related opening is arranged. The second sentence describes the lonely image of the poet on the ship. The legend of "Guan Guan" is a feather crown worn by Guan Zi, a hermit of Chu, pointing out that the poet lost his official position and was not used by the court. Down and out, no longer an official, still worried about the current situation and missing the court, which is what Du Fu, who is helpless, is most hurt. The "strong drink" and "Guan Yu" in the first couplet just sum up the poet's life experience at this time, and also contain the endless bitterness in his life.
The second couplet is followed by the first couplet, which vividly writes the poet's feelings according to what he saw on the ship, and is a famous sentence that has been passed down all the time. Spring comes and the water rises, and the rivers are mighty, floating on the boat is like sitting in the clouds in the sky; The poet is weak and his eyes are dim. Looking at the flowers and plants on the shore is like a mist. "Sitting in the sky" and "looking at flowers in the fog" are very suitable for the reality that the elderly, the sick and the disabled live on the boat and enjoy the scenery, which makes people feel very real. There is an ethereal layer in reality, which sets off the ups and downs of the poet. The ups and downs of this emotion not only hurt the poet in his later years, but also contained deeper feelings: the current situation is turbulent and unpredictable, just like looking at flowers in the fog, and the truth is difficult to understand! Delicate and subtle brushwork shows the poet's deep anxiety and delicate observation and expression.
The third sentence is about the scenery on the river. The first sentence "Juanjuan's butterfly shooting" is a close-up view from the ship, so it is said that it is "too idle". The second sentence "patches of light gulls" is the foreground outside the ship, so it is said that "it is rushing down". On the surface, it seems that there is no connection between up and down associations, but it is not. These two sentences inherit the view that the water in the air is seen from the ship. The word "leisure" in Leisure Curtain coincides with the word "depression" in the second sentence of the first couplet. The curtain is idle and the boat is lonely, and the butterfly flies in the air. "Rapids" refers to the rapids in the river. Fragments of Bai Ou flitted briskly by the stream and flew into the distance. It is this view that butterflies and seagulls move freely, which is easy to compare, and causes the poet trapped on the boat to look at Chang' an "straight north" and naturally transition to the tail. When reading Du Xinjie, Pu Qilong quoted a sentence from Zhu Han: "Butterfly gulls are free and the clouds are empty, so they are worried about the scenery", which also shows the connection between the third quarter and the last quarter in scenery and emotion.
The last two sentences of the poem are a collection of whole poems. "Clouds, white mountains and green hills" are the natural scenery on the river when cold food is good and spring comes. "Wan Yuli" draws the poet's thoughts away with cascading green mountains and white clouds, paving the way for the end of the sentence. The sentence "sad to see" contains the thoughts and feelings of the whole poem, and embodies the deep sorrow for "straight north is Chang 'an". Pu Qilong said: "Yunbai Mountain and Qingshan Mountain should be auspicious, and" Worrying about looking straight north "should be secluded." In fact, this sentence reconciles the feelings of the boat being away, near and far away, and even the poet's sadness about the difficult situation during the wandering period, and the word "sorrow" always ends the whole poem with dignity and infinite affection. Therefore, Du Shi Jing Quan said that "the knot has a far-reaching spirit". This poem is profound and concise in the natural circulation, which can well show the characteristics of Du Fu's poetic style in his later years.
Meet Li Guinian at the lower reaches of the river
Du Fu
It is common to see you at the home of the King of Qi.
Cui Tangjiu has heard it several times before.
It is the beautiful scenery of Jiangnan.
When the flowers fell, I met you again.
This is one of Du Fu's quatrains, full of emotion and meaning. There are only twenty-eight words, but they contain rich contents of the life of the times.
Li Guinian was a famous singer in Kaiyuan period. Du Fu met Li Guinian for the first time when he was a teenager, which was the so-called "Kaiyuan Prosperity". At that time, princes and nobles generally loved literature and art, so Du Fu was extended by Li Fan, the king of Qi, and Cui Di, the secretary supervisor, to enjoy Li Guinian's singing in their mansion. In Du Fu's mind, Li Guinian is closely connected with the prosperous Kaiyuan era and his romantic youth life. Decades later, they met again in Jiangnan. At this time, after eight years of turmoil, the Tang Dynasty fell into many contradictions. Du Fu drifted to Tanzhou, and his life in his later years was extremely bleak. Li Guinian also lives south of the Yangtze River. Such an encounter will naturally lead to the infinite vicissitudes that Du Fu has been smoldering. "It's a common thing in Qi Wang's family, and Cui has heard it several times before." Although the poet is reminiscing about his association with Li Guinian, what he reveals is his deep nostalgia for the "Kaiyuan Shengshi". These two sentences seem very light, but the feelings they contain are deep and dignified. "Wang Qi Zhai Li" and "Cui Tang Jiu Qian" seem to be casually mentioned, but the place where these two literary celebrities often gather elegantly is undoubtedly a symbol of the rich and colorful spiritual culture in the prosperous times of Kaiyuan, and their names are enough to evoke good memories of the prosperous times. In those days, it was "unusual" to get in touch with an art star like Li Guinian, but it was not difficult to get in touch with him several times. Looking back now, it is simply an unreachable dream. In the overlapping singing and chanting, the two poems reveal infinite attachment to the prosperity of Kaiyuan, as if to prolong the aftertaste.
"It's the beautiful scenery in the south of the Yangtze River, and it's the season of falling flowers." Jiangnan, with its beautiful scenery, was originally a paradise for poets in Chengping era. Now I am in it, facing the "lost season" with withered eyes and the wandering artists with white hair. The season of falling flowers seems to be an impromptu work, but it seems to have ulterior motives, intentionally or unintentionally. Readers will associate these four words with the decline of the world, social unrest, the decline of the poet and illness, but they don't think the poet is deliberately metaphorical. In addition, the two function words "exactly" and "you" in the two sentences are tossed and turned, revealing infinite feelings between the lines. The beautiful scenery in the south of the Yangtze River is in a strong contrast with the chaotic life experience of being divorced from the times and sinking. The scenery in the water, dotted with two haggard old people, has become a typical portrayal of the vicissitudes of the times. Ruthlessly proved that "Kaiyuan Shengshi" has become history. There is no doubt that the feelings are profound, but the poet wrote that "falling flowers meet the monarch again", but he accepted it with a gloomy mood, pregnant with deep sighs and painful sadness in silence. "Start and finish" seems to be very meaningful. Shen Deqian commented on this poem: "The meaning has not been applied, and the case has not been solved". The meaning of this "inapplicability" is not difficult to understand for Li Guinian who has similar experience; For readers who are good at understanding people and discussing the world in later generations, it is not difficult to grasp.
Four poems, from Village of Emperor Qi's "Smell" song to Cui's face, and then to the emphasis on "Hui", "Wen" and "Hui" in the south of the Yangtze River, connect the vicissitudes of the times and great changes in life in the past 40 years. Although none of the poems directly relate to the life experience of the times, it is not difficult for readers to feel the catastrophe brought by the Anshi Rebellion in the Tang Dynasty and the great disaster and trauma it brought to people through the poet's memories and regrets. It can indeed be said that "the chaos of the World Games, the rise and fall of the New Year, and the desolation of each other are all among them" (Sun Zhu's comment).
Qiang village three
Du Fu
one
The sky is red and the clouds are in the west.
The ground at the foot of the sun is flat.
Chai Men bird noise,
The road to return home is long.
My wife blames me,
I was still crying when I was shocked.
The world is in turmoil,
Survived unexpectedly.
Neighbors are all over the wall,
Sighing is also embarrassing.
Midnight is more like lighting a candle,
More dreamy.
Secondly,
Forced to drag out an ignoble existence in his later years,
Go home and have less fun.
Joule never leaves her knees,
Afraid of me, go back.
Recalling the past is good for chasing the cold.
So by the pool.
The north wind is blowing hard,
Worried about things.
Lai Hezhi harvested the millet,
I feel terrible in bed.
Now think about it,
Use it to comfort dying people.
third
The chicken is crowing,
The struggle between guests and chickens
Drive the chicken to the tree,
I just heard about Chai Jing.
Four or five elders,
Ask me for a long time.
Everyone has their own hands,
Clear the turbidity.
Bitter words "wine tastes weak,
The millet field is uncultivated.
Since the RMA has not stopped,
The children went on an expedition to the East. "
Please sing an old song for your father.
Difficult and affectionate.
After singing, I sighed.
Four seats burst into tears.
In the early summer of the second year from Tang Suzong to An Lushan (AD 757), Du Fu fled Chang 'an, which was occupied by rebels, and went to Fengxiang, the seat of the interim government. On May 16th, Su Zong made him the left gleaning. Gleaner is a trusted minister of the emperor. Although his rank is not high, he can directly put forward opinions and suggestions on state affairs. Du Fu, known as the grand plan of "making the monarch Yao and Shun superior, and then making the customs pure", accepted the post of left gleaning. Soon, Su Zong punished the Prime Minister Fang Guan. Du Fu, regardless of personal gains and losses, took his anger out on Su Zong. Thanks to the mediation of Minister Zhang Hao and others, he was spared punishment. Soon Su Zong sent him away on the pretext of going home to visit relatives. This is a heavy blow to Du Fu, who is worried about the country and the people and eager to save the country. The famous long poems "Northern Expedition" and "Three Poems of Qiang Village", a group of excellent poems, were written after returning home from Fengxiang this time.
The first chapter of the poems describes the touching scene of sadness and joy when I first got home.
The first four sentences begin with a description of the scenery, describing the scenery seen from far and near along the road when you arrive at Qiang village. 1. The sunset glow in the western sky, the sun beam shooting at the ground in the thick clouds, approaching the house and looking at the fence in front of the house, and the birds returning in the evening are all very ordinary pastoral scenery, which makes people feel real and kind. The author wrote these scenes with the aim of creating a family atmosphere. The fourth sentence changed from writing about scenery to writing about feelings. The poem "A Thousand Miles Home" is simple and meaningful. The author recalls that after leaving home in July last year, after difficulties and obstacles, the family has been living in Zhangzhou. This area is a tug-of-war area between the official army and the rebels, isolated from their families, and there is no news from both sides. How many worrying worries they have experienced! Now, my family survived, and I finally came back alive. The taste can be imagined.
The four poems in the middle are the focus and center of the whole poem, which positively shows my mixed feelings of sadness and joy when I first met my family. The word "strange" is accurate, concise and vivid. Mrs. Yang suddenly found the "I" standing in front of her, shocked and unable to tell the truth from the false. "Shocked", inherited the word "strange", after a while, "still wiping tears", still wiping tears. Naturally, I cried with joy. Because it is extremely happy, it is difficult to express it. On the contrary, it can't fully express its joy and express the excitement of the separation and reunion of his wife and children in the war. Therefore, these two poems, instead of directly saying hi, are expressed in the form of sadness, which is more infectious and appealing. Pu Yin Long summed up Du Fu's lyric method and said, "When a person writes happiness, he must write it with tears and his feelings are sincere." (Reading Jie) Writing happiness with tears or expressing happiness with sadness is actually a dialectic of opposites in artistic expression. The above two sentences are about his wife's mixed feelings of sadness and joy. Then describe the poet's own feelings from his psychological activities. "Chaos in the world" is the reason for "wandering". These five words contain the author's various dangerous experiences over the past year, including being captured by the rebels, risking his life to escape to Suzong, and being killed to save the house. So he sighed heavily and said, "I survived by accident." To survive, congratulations; I feel sad when I think about it occasionally. It is because of my lucky existence that I am so happy; And I can't help feeling when I think of the impermanence of fate. Compared with the first two sentences, one sentence is expressed in action and the other is portrayed in psychology, which not only shows the diversity of styles, but also reveals the reasons and background of the former, making the feelings of sadness and joy of husband and wife more profound.
Then, the poet reflected the mixed feelings of sadness and joy from his neighbors and onlookers. Neighbors in Qiang village surrounded by low walls were moved to sigh when they saw the old couple's grief when they met, and some even cried with granny Yang in their arms. This brushstroke not only sets off the scene of sadness and joy, but also shows the loyalty and kindness of neighbors and the close relationship between Du Fu's family and the local people.
The two sentences at the end respond to the poetry of surviving unexpectedly by wiping away tears, which not only summarizes the feelings of sadness and joy in the whole article, but also is a typical summary of people's painful life in turbulent times. The second chapter is about family reunion. In times of turmoil, national affairs and family planning are extremely difficult, so this chapter is full of sadness when it comes to the joy of reunion. At the beginning, the phrase "drag out an ignoble existence in one's twilight years, go home and be less happy" set the tone for the whole article.
"Old age" and "old age" at the end of the poem refer to old age. Du Fu, 46, is in middle age, because he has experienced difficulties and obstacles, worried about the country and the people, and aged before he was old, so he is easy to get old. The word "forced to drag out an ignoble existence" is extremely painful. At this age, he should have served his country quickly, but he was forced to leave the court when the country was in danger. So when he came home and did nothing, he felt that he was dragging out an ignoble existence. Because of the feeling of drag out an ignoble existence, the joy of family reunion is less.
The phrase "Joule" means that Joule is afraid that I will leave them again, so she pesters her. These two poems, one is happy and the other is sad. Happiness is not leaving your knees; Fear of my return is sad, mixed with sadness and joy, and naturally it is "less fun."
The middle four sentences were entangled by children, but I wanted to get rid of them. I remembered walking by the pond outside the house and strolled to the pool. Times have changed. It was summer before walking, but now it's late autumn. It's early cold in the northwest, the north wind is cold, the cold is biting, and it's bleak I wanted to have a good time, but this bleak scene caused sadness and reminded people of the turbulent situation in the country. "Taking care of things" includes state affairs and family affairs. State affairs refers to the fall of the capital, Xuanzong's attack on Shu, rampant rebels, frustrated loyalist counterattacks, and being hit by the government at the same time. Family affairs refers to being unable to return to China, and a family of ten lives abroad and has a hard life. The so-called "worry about everything" is not an exaggeration. I want to have some fun, but I get endless sadness. So, the following is to take the pen back and write fun.
The last four sentences say, fortunately, God has eyes. There are no natural disasters except military disasters. The crops are good this year, and the corn has been harvested. We can brew some wine with grain. In old age, you are unreliable. With wine, I can get drunk and get rid of my troubles. Having wine and food is a blessing, one of thousands of misfortunes and one of the few pleasures. However, the related words such as "relying on knowledge", "feeling", "now" and "using" vaguely reveal that kind of bored and pretentious mentality. Writing the joy of reunion, with tears, casts a sad atmosphere on the whole poem, which has a distinct color of the times.
The last chapter is about communication with neighbors.
Counting the chickens fighting each other, the chickens exclaimed, this is a familiar scene for farmers. Poetry written with this familiar thing adds a breath of life and a relaxed atmosphere. The chaos of "screaming" is confusing. Screaming and fighting are the behavior of chickens, and fighting is the reason for screaming. But in the poem, shouting comes first, then struggle, and the upper and lower sentences are complicated. These two sentences mean that guests are coming, fighting with each other and chickens are crowing. "Catch the chicken", according to the above, drive the chicken back to the henhouse in the tree and calm down before you can hear the sound of foreign guests knocking at the door. In ancient times, chickens were raised in many places, and their nests were placed in trees. "Driving the chicken up the tree" means driving the chicken back to the nest. Write down the situation of "guests arrive" below.
Visitors are four or five neighbors and elders. Judging from what is written below, these elders are hardworking farmers in Qiang village. As a court scavenger, Du Fu dared to associate with him and brought gifts to express sympathy, which also showed Du Fu's faithfulness. In normal times, wine is not a rare thing. Nowadays, in the war, it is difficult to eat, and wine is even more rare. And the wine you bring, there are inferior turbid wine and better sake. Turbid wine is also used to express condolences to Du Shi's collection, showing people's generosity and the close relationship between host and guest.
The four sentences of "bitter words" are introduced into the topic by "the taste of wine is light", and the current situation is written by the elders, and the great disaster brought by the war to the people of Shaanxi is written. Here, from the point of view that war destroys production and people's livelihood withers, it is written that in order to counter the war, the people in Guanzhong bear a heavy burden of military service, and adult men are called up, and underage children are also called up. "Bitterness" is repeated. "The wine tastes light", which is weak and inferior. The next three sentences explain why there is no good wine. If the elders persuade them to drink it, it skillfully shows the situation that the war led to rural depression.
"Please do it" is the poet's gratitude to his elders. Song is sung here as a speech, which means that when the country is so difficult and the people's livelihood is so difficult, I am ashamed to bring wine to express my condolences to my elders!
At the end of the poem, the poet looked up at the sky and lamented "I was worried about Li Yuan in poor years". Now as scavengers, the people are in dire straits, but they can't share their worries. How can they stop him from crying? The listener's parents were moved by the poet's sincere concern for the country and the people, and they also burst into tears. The last chapter, dealing with neighborhood relations, was originally a happy feast, but all four of them burst into tears and were deeply touching.
Three Poems of Qiang Village is one of the excellent works in Du Fu's early poems, which has profound social content and high artistry.