Li Yu, a famous writer in the Qing Dynasty, loved to travel around the world since he was a child, making friends with famous people, and his footprints were all over the country, both inside and outside the Great Wall. In the fifth year of Kangxi (1666), when Li Yu was fifty-six years old, he set out from Nanjing and began a long journey to Yan and Qin, passing through Zhengding in Hebei and Pingyang in Shanxi to Xi'an. Invited by Gansu Governor Liu Dou and Admiral Zhang Yong, he first arrived in Gaolan (now Lanzhou) in the sixth year of Kangxi's reign (1667). After staying in Lanzhou, he continued westward. In May, he came to Liangzhou, an important town in the northwest, and wrote a famous poem. Qi Jue's "Liangzhou":
This is what is called Khan's wandering. Today's people suddenly arrived in ancient Liangzhou.
A few Guanshan tunes played on the flute are always autumn when played in all seasons.
Liangzhou is a famous historical and cultural city. Since Emperor Wu of the Western Han Dynasty sent General Huo Qubing out to Hexi twice to drive away the Xiongnu, recover Hexi, and establish four counties in Hexi, Liangzhou has become an important stop for cultural exchanges between the East and the West on the Silk Road. The Tang Dynasty established the Hexi Jiedu Prefecture in Liangzhou, and Liangzhou became the largest and most prosperous city in the northwest except Chang'an. Cen Shen's poem "A Night Gathering with the Judges in the Liangzhou Pavilion" describes Liangzhou at that time as "there are hundreds of thousands of households in seven miles of Liangzhou, and the barbarians half know how to play the pipa". Liangzhou in the prosperous Tang Dynasty in Yuan Zhen's "Xiliang Ji" is "I heard that in the past, Xiliangzhou was crowded with people and mulberry trees were thick on the ground. The wine was ripe and the people were enjoying themselves. The red faces and green flags were in the Zhufen Tower. The people downstairs were called Zhuo Nu. , the guest at the head of the building is not worried. The villagers don't know the pain of separation, and most of them are Shen Zhiyou. Floating. The lions are shaking and their fur is bright and colorful, and the orchids are dancing drunk and their muscles are soft. Dawan comes to offer red horses, and Zanpu also offers green fur." Famous poets of the Tang Dynasty such as Luo Binwang, Chen Ziang, Wang Wei, Gao Shi, Cen Shen, etc. all visited Liangzhou and left some popular poems praising Liangzhou. In the history of literature, poets wrote more poems with titles such as "Liangzhou Ci", "Liangzhou Song", and "Liangzhou Journey". Although ancient Liangzhou is located on the border, it is famous for its profound historical and cultural accumulation. As a famous city on the fortress, countless literati dream about it. Of course Li Yu is no exception. As a great writer in the early Qing Dynasty and a poet who loved wandering, Liangzhou was naturally a must-visit place during this trip to the west. Arriving in Liangzhou, one of the author's worries was indeed settled. That's why he said at the beginning of the poem: "This is what we call sweat wandering." "Khan wandering" means wandering with great interest. Li Yu is from the south and has traveled all over the country. The beautiful scenery of the south pales in comparison to the desolate ancient scenery of Liangzhou. Some of his past travels are not worthy of praise compared with this trip to Liangzhou! A trip to ancient Liangzhou can be called a veritable "sweat wandering"! This sentence sets the tone for the whole poem and leaves the reader with suspense: What is the charm of Liangzhou that makes the great poet feel so "sweaty"? ?
The first sentence has enough momentum, so it transitions to the second sentence: "Modern people suddenly arrived in ancient Liangzhou." One "modern" and one "ancient" are opposite each other, pointing out Li Yu's trip to Liangzhou. The main purpose of coming here is to visit ancient times. The word "suddenly" expresses the author's joy and also reveals the author's sense of the vicissitudes of life. Although Li Yu was full of talents, he was often ridiculed and ostracized by others due to the inappropriate behavior of his concubine, and there was no hope for his official career. Now coming to Liangzhou, ancient Liangzhou has a lot of cultural heritage and has made many people famous in history. Li Yu naturally associated himself with those historical celebrities in Liangzhou, and a feeling that people today are not as good as those in the past arose spontaneously. This contains the author's feeling of being frustrated and unfulfilled for half his life!
Now that he has come to Liangzhou, of course the poet must visit the scenic spots. There are many scenic spots to write about in Liangzhou, such as Di Qingtai, Linyun Pond, Confucian Temple, Tianti Mountain, Beimo Pingsha... But Li Yu didn't write about it. He only captured "A few Guanshan tunes in the flute" that represent the most distinctive historical characteristics of ancient Liangzhou. It can be said that he was ingenious! Here he cleverly transformed It uses the poetic meaning of "Liangzhou Ci" by Wang Zhihuan, a poet of the prosperous Tang Dynasty, "Why should the Qiang flute blame the willows? The spring breeze does not pass through Yumen Pass", which defines the cultural taste of ancient Liangzhou. Songs played from the ancient musical instrument Qiangdi (reed pipe) were played from the Han Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty, and from the Tang Dynasty to the Ming and Qing Dynasties. This is not just a piece of music, but the humanities and history of the entire Liangzhou-Hexi Corridor. One after another, "Breaking Willows", "Guanshan Moon", "Liangzhou Ci", "Yangguan Triple", and the magnificent pictures of "The solitary smoke in the desert, the sun setting over the long river" have made countless heroes in history. Bend your waist! Ancient Liangzhou has gathered so many heroic spirits and achieved so many heroic achievements. When Li Yu came to ancient Liangzhou, he had been thinking about it for thousands of years, and his mind wandered for thousands of miles. He seemed to have heard the melodious Qiang flute music again, as if he had seen the heroic scene of "Don't laugh while drunk on the battlefield", as if he had returned to the thousands of troops. The ancient battlefield of Liangzhou. How can we not make people feel that this trip to Liangzhou is a "sweat wandering"!
Li Yu came to Liangzhou in May, which is the mid-summer season. How can we say that "the four seasons blow always... What about "Autumn"? In Li Yu's hometown of Jiangnan in May, it is already the season of pink willows and red willows that "warm winds make tourists drunk". However, in Liangzhou beyond the Great Wall, there is still a cool breeze, which is like the autumn in the south. When Gao Shi of the Tang Dynasty was in Jiedufu, Hexi, he also wrote a poem describing the summer in Liangzhou: "A gust of wind blows and a gust of sand blows, and there are no homes where there are people walking. There is still snow in the Yinshan Mountains in summer, and the trees on the streams have no flowers after spring." "Autumn wind." "The weather is bleak and cool." The word "autumn" is synonymous with the word "cool", which cleverly reflects the word "cool" in "Liangzhou".
Also, there is a sentence in Wang Zhihuan's "Liangzhou Ci": "The spring breeze does not blow through Yumen Pass." It seems that the spring breeze does not blow through Liangzhou and Hexi, so the "autumn wind" that "blows through the four seasons" should be. The word "autumn" is a pun. It has both the characteristics of the climate and the sympathy for the soldiers who guard the border all the year round and cannot return home. Of course, it also implies the "spring breeze" - the king is not as kind as the soldiers at the border. of complaints. And all of this is hidden in the surface description of the scene. It can be said that there is emotion in the scene, and the scene is transformed into emotion. Also, there is the so-called "Autumn Scholar" in Chinese literature, which generally refers to those unsuccessful literati. Isn't Li Yu an "Autumn Scholar"? - an "Autumn Scholar" who was "blown" from the south. Yu Dafu said in his essay "Autumn in the Old Capital": "Chinese literati have a particularly deep relationship with autumn. But the deep flavor of autumn, especially the deep flavor of Chinese autumn, can only be felt in the north. "Li Yu came to Liangzhou and tasted the flavor of autumn, saw the colors and heard the sounds of autumn in mid-summer. This is not only a taste of Liangzhou culture, but also a hint of the author's underappreciated mentality.
The artistic conception of this quatrain is desolate and tragic, inheriting the tradition of poetry praising Liangzhou in the Han and Tang Dynasties. The use of imagery turns reality into fiction and is implicit and implicit. The whole poem is exquisitely conceived, with the first sentence transitioning from one's own wanderings, setting up suspense, and laying the foundation; the second sentence expresses one's own feelings by comparing modern and ancient times; the third and fourth sentences capture the most distinctive characteristics of ancient Liangzhou. ——Qiang flute music, and flourished, condensing Qiang flute, spring breeze, autumn wind, willow, "Liangzhou Ci" and other Guanshan songs into it, and it is the crystallization of the author's emotional filtering. Two lines of poetry encompass thousands of years of ancient Liangzhou history and humanities, which can be called a masterpiece! A short quatrain, simple but yet vigilant, simple yet profound, can arouse readers' infinite reverie. It can be said to be a masterpiece of ancient poems praising Liangzhou.
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