Let’s sort it out
The name of the poem "Yulin Ling" is also written as "Yulin Ling". It is said that when Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty entered Shu, he heard the ringing of bells in the rain and missed Concubine Yang, so he composed this song. The tune itself has an element of sadness. "Yulin Ling" written by Liu Yong in the Song Dynasty is the most famous, and the sentence "Sentiment has hurt parting since ancient times" has become a famous sentence through the ages.
After the Mawei mutiny, Concubine Yang hanged herself to death. After putting down the rebellion, Xuanzong returned to the north. The wind and rain blew on the golden bell of Huangluan. Xuanzong composed this song in memory of Concubine Yang. Volume 5 of "Biji Manzhi" quotes "Miscellaneous Records of the Ming Emperor" and "The Biography of Concubine Yang" as follows: "The Emperor Ming was lucky enough to be in Shu and traveled southwest. When he first entered the sloping valley, it was raining heavily. He heard a bell in the rain on the plank road, and the sound was the same. The mountain corresponded. In order to commemorate the imperial concubine, he composed the song "Yulin Ling" to express his regret. At that time, Zhang Yehu was the only disciple of the Liyuan who was good at playing the 筚篯, so it was passed down to the world. The origin of the word card "Yulin Ling".
Original text
The chilling cicadas are mournful, facing the pavilion at night, the showers have begun to subside. There is no trace of drinking in the capital tent, and the orchid boat urges you to stay in the place of nostalgia. Holding hands and looking into tearful eyes, they were speechless and choked. The thought goes away, thousands of miles of smoke waves, the dusk is heavy and the sky is vast. Since ancient times, sentimental feelings have hurt parting, and it is even more embarrassing to neglect the Qingqiu Festival. Where did you wake up tonight? The dawn wind and the waning moon on the willow bank. After so many years, it should be a good time and beautiful scenery. Even if there are thousands of styles, who can tell them!
Notes
1. This tune was originally a Tang Jiaofang song. According to legend, Xuanzong fled Anlu Mountain and entered Sichuan. It rained continuously for days and bells were heard on the plank road. In memory of Concubine Yang Guifei, this song was composed, and later Liu Yong used it as the melody. Also known as "Yulin Ling Slow". Shangxiaque, one hundred and three characters, oblique rhyme. This poem is selected from "Complete Song Ci", and Yulinling is also known as Yulinling. This poem was written when he left the capital Bianjing (now Kaifeng, Henan), expressing his inseparable feelings from his lover. 2. Chilling cicada: A type of cicada, also known as Tiáo. 3. Facing the Changting Pavilion at night: Facing the Changting Pavilion, it is evening. 4. Shower: Shower. 5. Kyoto Tent Dinner: Set up a tent on the outskirts of Kyoto and hold a farewell banquet. Threadless; emotionless, listless. 6. Orchid boat: According to "Shu Yi Ji", Lu Ban once carved a magnolia tree into a boat. Later it was used as a good name for the ship. 7. Choking: Stuffed with grief and unable to speak. That is "condensing swallow". 8. Go, go, go: repeated words indicate a far journey. 9. Dusk: clouds in the evening. 10. Shen Shen: Deep look. 11. Chutian: Southern Sky. In ancient times, the lower reaches of the Yangtze River belonged to the State of Chu, hence its name. 12. Qingqiu Festival: the bleak and desolate autumn. 13. Years: After one or more years, this refers to year after year. 14. Thousands of styles: Describes the indescribable feelings of love and longing for each other. Style: affection. 15. Wuxu: no thoughts and a bad mood.
Interpretation
In that desolate and desolate season, all people will long for a kind of reunion. Missing you began to grow after the breakup, and grew into willow trees standing on the shore, looking forward to you with wine stains on your green shirt, riding a small boat, sailing through the misty waves of dusk, whispering thousands of styles. The dawn wind and the waning moon are still drunk. Do you remember the tearful eyes holding hands and looking at each other? Who sang softly to you during parting? I knew that wherever there was well water, there would be people singing your lyrics, but I never thought that since you turned the meticulous carvings of scholar-bureaucrats into a kind of popularity, you would write the sentence "As the clothes get wider, I will never regret it." It has become a love vow engraved in ancient and modern times.
About the author
Liu Yong, (about 987-about 1053), courtesy name Qiqing, Han nationality, was born in Chongan (now Wuyishan, Fujian). A poet in the Northern Song Dynasty, one of the most representative figures of the Wanyue School, his representative work is "Yulin Ling". The original name was Sanbian, with the courtesy name Jingzhuang. Later, his name was changed to Yong, with the courtesy name Qiqing. Ranked seventh, also known as Liu Qi. He played a great role in the development of "Slow Ci" and was a representative promoter. However, because he often wrote lyrics for geishas, ??he was once considered a romantic person and his career was poor and he was depressed. But later he became a Jinshi in the Renzong Dynasty of Song Dynasty and became a tuntian Yuanwailang. In his old life, he was called Liu tuntian. He claimed that "Liu Sanbian was ordered to write lyrics", devoted his whole life to writing lyrics, and regarded himself as "the prime minister in white clothes". It is named after his song "Crane Soaring to the Sky" contains lines such as "a talented poet is a prime minister in white clothes" and "bearing the false reputation and singing in a low voice instead of a shallow cup". He was admitted as a Jinshi when he wrote "Crane Soaring to the Sky". Who would have thought that "forbearing the reputation and singing in a low voice instead of pouring a shallow cup of wine" spread to Renzong's ears, so he said "Let's just pour a shallow cup of wine and sing in a low voice", which led to Liu Yong becoming the first professional lyricist in the Northern Song Dynasty. He served as a minor official such as a tuntian Yuanwailang, and was known as Liu tuntian in the world. Liu Yong was the first person to produce a large number of slow lyrics in the Northern Song Dynasty. Liu Yong vigorously created slow poetry, which fundamentally changed the pattern of Xiaoling's dominance in the world of poetry since the Tang and Five Dynasties, making the two styles of slow poetry and Xiaoling equal in importance and advancing hand in hand. He is proficient in music, familiar with old tunes, and is good at absorbing folk language. He understands it clearly and has spread widely. "Anywhere where there is well water to drink, one can sing willow lyrics" (Volume 3 of Ye Mengde's "Records of Summer Vacation"). The works can be summarized into three categories: one is about the prosperity of urban life, the other is about the pain of love between men and women, and the third is about the sadness of traveling in prison. His works often integrate scene description, narrative and lyricism, making slow poetry develop into a mature literary style that stands side by side with Xiaoling Shuangfeng. His representative collection of works is "Collection of Movements".
Background
Bianjing, the capital of the Song Dynasty (now Kaifeng, Henan), is where Liu Yong stayed for a long time.
"Yulin Ling" was written when he left the capital. Liu Yong was dissatisfied with Renzong because of his lyrics, so he was "frustrated and had no slang, so he wandered around the market" and wrote lyrics for singers and musicians. This poem is a farewell piece written by Liu Yong with a lover when he went south from Bianjing. While pouring out his deep grief about separation, he also expressed his feelings about what he had experienced and his suppressed anger.
Translation
The cicadas in the autumn screamed so sadly and urgently. Facing the pavilion, it was evening, and a heavy rain had just stopped. We set up a tent outside Kyoto to say goodbye, but we were not in the mood to have a drink. When we were reluctant to leave, the people on the boat were already urging us to set off. Holding hands and looking into each other's tear-filled eyes, we were speechless until the end, with thousands of words stuck in our throats. Thinking of going back to the south, one journey after another, thousands of miles away, a sea of ??smoke, and the misty night sky in Chudi was actually endless. Since ancient times, the most sad thing for passionate people is separation, not to mention that in this bleak and desolate autumn, how can we bear the sorrow of separation! Who knows where I will be when I wake up tonight? I'm afraid it's just the willow bank, facing the shrill morning wind and the waning moon at dawn. We have been apart for many years, (the people who love each other are not together,) I expect that even if we encounter good weather and beautiful scenery, it will be just in vain. Even if you are full of affection, who will you tell it to? !
Theme
The theme of this poem is "farewell", and "farewell" is a theme that ancient literati often expressed in their poems. To this day, farewell poems are still a frequent subject of poetry appreciation in high schools.
Commentary
"Yulin Ling" is known as one of the top ten famous songs of Song and Jin Dynasties. This article "Yulin Ling" is one of Liu Yong's top ten masterpieces. The poem "Rain Lin Bell" is set against the desolate autumn scenery, vividly exaggerating the scene of farewell, and then infers the unforgettable longing after farewell. The narrative is laid out layer by layer, the scenes are blended, and the euphemisms are diverse. It expresses the characteristics of Liu's poems that are "detailed and neat, clear and homely". (Liu Xizai's "Art Introduction")
Appreciation 1
The main line of the poem is "hurt and parting", and the catalog is clear. The first three sentences tell the time, place, and scenery. The prelude to parting begins with a desolate scene: the "chilling cicadas" in the autumn season set off the "deplorable" desolate autumn scenery. People are about to say goodbye, the sun is getting late, the rain has stopped, and the cicadas are singing. Farewell pavilion, desolate late autumn. It's sad to see a strong man parting, let alone a pair of lovers who may never see each other again. Three sentences of "Dumen" describe the mood when parting. In the banquet tent, I wanted to be "nostalgic" for a while, but "Lanzhou urged me". How can I not drink such a farewell wine without feeling "emotionless"? If you want to stay, you can't, if you want to drink, there is no emotion, it is extremely contradictory. "Lan Zhou", according to legend, Lu Ban carved magnolia trees into boats (see "Shu Yi Ji"), and later used orchid boats as boats. The two sentences "holding hands" push the farewell to the climax. Hand in hand, facing the farewell lover, tears in the eyes, even if there are thousands of words to say, I can't say a word because of the grief. This is the scene when we parted. We can better understand by comparing Su Dongpo's "Jiangchengzi" in "Jiangchengzi" in which Su Dongpo mourned the death of his wife, "looking at each other without words, only thousands of tears." The above three sections are full of loops, frustrations, and hesitations. The two sentences "Reading and going" connect the previous and the next, and the pen turns at will, just like the vast Yangtze River, flowing thousands of miles. Thousands of miles of mist, the sky is vast, and the road to the end is far and long. Just like this, everyone is separated, and the longing for his lover is like the mist in the clear land, accompanying him around. The next film is based on the context of "Sentiment has hurt parting since ancient times". The most painful thing in the world is love, and "parting" is the direct cause of "the most painful thing". "More Nakan" is at the time of "Snurturing the Qingqiu Festival". "Where can I wake up tonight? Willow banks, the dawn wind is waning and the moon is waning." The wine makes people sad and makes them even more sad. The dull wine the poet drank because of his "nothing" can easily make people intoxicated. Imagine that the poet followed the orchid boat carrying his lover along the bank of the Bian River planted with willows. It was not until the waning moon set in the west and the morning breeze gradually rose that the infatuated poet was awakened. Willows are the most representative thing in ancient times, so willows are widely planted on both sides of the Bian River. "The willow bank, the dawn wind and the waning moon" is a famous saying that has been popular throughout the ages. It represents Liu's popular style of poetry, which is famous for its line drawing. Yu Wenbao's "Blowing Sword Record" of the Song Dynasty records: Dongpo was in Yutang, and there was a minister who was good at singing, so he asked: "How is my ci like Liu Qi?" He replied: "Liu Lang's ci is only suitable for a girl of seventeen or eighteen years old, holding a red tooth. Ban, the song "Willow bank, dawn wind waning moon". The bachelor's poem (referring to Su Dongpo's poem) requires Guanxi Dahan, copper pipa and iron Chuo ban, singing "The great river goes eastward". This passage shows that Liu's Ci is graceful and lingering, and Su's Ci is bold and broad-minded. "This has been going on for years" extends from this evening to the years, from the "speechless swallowing" in front of the eyes to "the twilight is deep and the sky is vast", and further extends to "even if there are thousands of customs, who can I tell them to." Bo sighed, imagining the bitterness of lovesickness after farewell, which made it even deeper. "Desolation, bitterness, misery, sadness, pain, hatred, and sadness" run through the entire story, making it unbearable to read again. This poem is written with many layers and twists and turns, and uses thousands of styles to express the sorrow of traveling in captivity. Don’t hate the world. It’s really hard to imagine, but even harder to avoid. "Yu Lin Ling" expresses Liu Yong's grief and sorrow when he broke up with his lover in Bianjing. The artistic technique is quite high. In a nutshell, there are romances with supporting objects and extensive use of line drawings. Such as "the chilling cicadas are mournful", "the showers are beginning to stop", "thousands of miles of smoke, the dusk is sinking and the sky is vast". The line drawing technique of this word is quite good. Depicting the characters' expressions, such as "holding hands and looking into tearful eyes, speechless and swallowing", there are thousands of words to say when parting, but there is no way to say them. A few strokes of outline vividly express the rich inner world at that moment when the lover breaks up. Another example is "Where will I wake up tonight? Willow bank, dawn wind waning moon."
It conveys emotions through objects and expresses emotions: it captures the scene when the moon is setting in the west and the sky is about to dawn; the willow bank reminds people of the custom of breaking willows to give farewell, clinging to the willows and lingering in farewell. 2. The embellishment and rendering are just right. Liu Xizai mentioned in "Introduction to Art" that the words are a bit (embellishment) and dyed (exaggeration). Liu Qiqing's "Yulin Ling" says: "Sentiment has hurt parting since ancient times, and it is even more embarrassing to neglect the Qingqiu Festival! Where can I wake up tonight? Willow banks, the dawn wind and the waning moon." The last two sentences express the feeling of farewell and neglect, and the two sentences "Tonight" are inspired by the previous two sentences. There must be no other words between the dyes. If there is a gap, the aphorisms will become ashes. This idea is to use the painting method to analyze the lyrics. From this, we can see that there are paintings in Liu's lyrics, which are repeatedly rendered. It is both meticulously carved and boldly splashed with ink, taking care of both the front and back, and being tactful and comfortable. Liu Ci's dyeing skills have indeed reached a high level of achievement. Liu Ci has had a certain influence on Su Shi, Qin Guan, Zhou Bangyan and other famous writers to varying degrees. However, it should also be noted that some sentences in Liu's poems are too common and not elegant enough.
Appreciation 2
This word is an eternal masterpiece that expresses the emotion of separation. It is also an outstanding representative of Liu Ci and the graceful Ci of the Song Dynasty. In the words, the author expresses his true feelings when he left Bianjing and said goodbye to his lover in a lingering, sad and moving way. The first part of the poem describes the scene of parting, and the second part mainly describes the scene after farewell. The whole poem is full of ups and downs, with both voice and emotion. It is one of the "Top Ten Songs of the Song and Jin Dynasties" that was popular in the Song and Yuan Dynasties. The first three sentences describe the scene of farewell, pointing out the location and sequence of the verses. "Book of Rites? Yue Ling" says: "On the moon of Mengqiu, the cicadas chirp." It can be seen that the time is about the seventh month of the lunar calendar. However, the poet did not describe the natural scenery purely objectively, but through the description of the scenery and the rendering of the atmosphere, he blended the emotions into the scenery and implicitly conveyed different meanings. Autumn, twilight, sudden rain and chilling cicadas, everything the poet sees and hears is desolate everywhere. The sentence "Wate to Changting", with a knife inserted in the middle, is extremely frustrating and swallowing, which more accurately conveys this desolate situation. The description of the scenery in these three sentences also sets the stage for the "without thread" and "prompt" in the next two sentences. "Drinking in the tent at the capital gate", Yu Ben Jiang Yan's "Farewell": "Drinking in the tent in the east capital, seeing off guests in Jingu." His lover held a banquet in the pavilion outside the capital gate to say goodbye to him, but in the face of fine wine and delicacies, the poem People have no interest. Next, it goes on to say: "The place of nostalgia, Lanzhou urges hair". These seven words are completely realistic, but they depict the typical environment and typical psychology in a refined way: on one side, the nostalgia is strong, and on the other side, Lanzhou urges hair, so The conflicts are so sharp! The "Orchid Boat Urging the Hair" here uses straight strokes to describe the urgency of parting. Although it is not as lingering as theirs, it is straightforward and calm, and can promote the deepening of feelings. Then the following two sentences came out: "Holding hands and looking into tearful eyes, I was speechless and choked." There are only eleven characters, the language is popular but the emotions are profound, and the images are lifelike, just like today. What a powerful match! The poet choked on his inner monologue about the two sentences "Read it and go". The word "Nian" in the "Qu" tone here is used particularly well. When reading the "Qu" tone, it is used as a leading element. The upper part carries the word "ning choke" and turns naturally, while the lower part starts with the word "qianli" and the downward part flows smoothly. When the word "read" is used together with the word "go", it becomes more and more exciting. When reading one word after another, you will feel that the road is boundless and the road is far away. Below "a thousand miles", the tones are harmonious and the scenery is picturesque. It is called "smoke wave", "twilight mist", and even more "dense", and the coloring is as thick as a layer; it is called "thousands of miles", and it is also called "broad", and one journey is as far as one mile. It tells the story of the unforgettable love between lovers when they break up. The first part talks about farewell from the front, while the second part starts with a general discussion, moving from the specific to the general. "Sentiment has hurt parting since ancient times." It means feeling sad and cherishing parting. It doesn't start with me, it has been the case since ancient times. Followed by the sentence "It's even more desolate in the Qingqiu Festival", it expresses that the autumn is desolate and desolate, and the feelings are even more alienated than usual. The word "Qingqiu Festival" reflects the first three sentences, echoing before and after, and the stitches are extremely dense; and the three empty words "gennakan" are used to strengthen the emotional color, which is more emotional than the first three sentences using scenes to express emotions. Obvious and profound. The three sentences "Tonight" follow the previous sentence, which is the warning policy of the whole article. It has become a famous sentence in the history of Liu Yongguangyao's poetry. These three sentences are originally imagining what it will be like on the journey tonight, imagining that not long after, a boat will land on the shore, and the poet will wake up from a drunken dream, only to see the wisps of the willows blowing in the morning breeze, and a waning moon hanging high on the willow branches. The whole picture is full of a desolate atmosphere, the indifference of guests, the tranquility of the scenery, and the lingering sorrow of separation are completely condensed in this picture. This scene language is like a small frame of fine brushwork, extremely beautiful. Liu Xizai, a native of the Qing Dynasty, said in "Art Summary": "The words are a little bit full of connotations." Liu Qiqing's "Yulin Ling" said: 'Sentiment has hurt parting since ancient times, and it is even more worthy of neglecting the Qingqiu Festival. Where can I wake up tonight? Yangliu'an, The last two sentences express farewell and desolation, and the two sentences "Tonight" are the same as the previous two sentences. There should be no other words between them, otherwise the aphorism will be dead. "That is to say, this is the meaning. The four sentences are inseparable, reinforcing and setting off each other. If another sentence is inserted in the middle, it will destroy the integrity of the artistic conception and the unity of the image, and the following two aphorisms will also lose their luster. The four sentences "It's been years since then" are changed to love language. On the day when they get together, every time there is a good time and a good scene, they always feel happy; but after parting, it is not just a day, year after year, even if there is a good time and good scene, they cannot arouse the interest of appreciation, but only increase the trouble. Even if there are a thousand kinds of customs, who should I tell them? The words "Nian Nian" are closely related to "Tonight" in the previous film. They are closely related to each other in terms of time and thoughts, step by step. Advance. "Even if there are thousands of customs, who should I tell them to?" The whole poem is summarized in a question, just like a galloping horse pulling back its reins, with the tendency to live but not stop; and like a stream of water returning to the sea, which has been exhausted but not yet exhausted. The reason why this word is so popular is that it is quite unique in art and has high achievements.
As early as the Song Dynasty, there were records saying that the lingering pathos, deep grace and elegance of this word are "only suitable for girls in the seventeenth or eighteenth century, holding red tooth plates, singing 'willow bank, dawn breeze and waning moon.' The formation of this style depends on the artistic conception. The poet is good at applying the traditional blending of scenes to his slow poetry, expressing the feelings of separation through a pictorial realm. The meaning and the realm form a poetic and beautiful realm, which draws readers with a strong sense of emotion. Artistic inspiration. Although the whole poem is written directly, the narrative is clear and the scenery is exquisite. It uses natural scenery pictures that are specific and vivid to touch the sorrow of separation to render the theme. The scenery is difficult to describe, and the emotions that are difficult to reach are expressed with nature. . The last two sentences are the finishing touch, adding color to the whole poem, and are popular throughout the ages.
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