"This river runs through the heavens and the earth, and there are both mountains and colors", with the vision of mountains, water and colors as the framework. The Han River surged away, as if it had been rushing out of heaven and earth. There are many green hills on both sides of the strait, and the clouds are lingering, and they are hidden and present, as if nothing had happened. The first sentence says that the river is far and wide, and the second sentence sets off the vastness of the river with boundless mountains. The poet's pen and ink is extremely light, but it gives people a sense of grandeur and novelty, and its effect is far better than heavy oil paintings and colorful watercolors. And its "victory" lies in the vivid charm of the picture. No wonder Wang Shizhen said, "This river is beyond heaven and earth, and this mountain is colorless, which is the poet's kind words, but in Samadhi. "This is to the point. The first couplet is about the exchange of water, which is closely related to each other. The opening of this couplet is blank, and the picture is dense and complicated.
As a result, the poet's pen and ink gathered from "outside the world" and wrote a magnificent picture in front of him: "The human residence seems to float on the ripples in the distant sky." Here, the poet's brushwork is elegant and smooth. It is clear that the ship is fluctuating up and down, but it is said that the battlements in front are floating on the water; Obviously, it is rough, and the waves beat against the sky, but they say that the sky is shaking for it. The poet deliberately used this illusion of dynamic and static to further render the majestic water potential. The two verbs "floating" and "moving" are beautifully written, which makes the scenery described by the poet move.
"These beautiful days in Xiangyang have made my old mountain enchanted! Shan Weng, namely Shan Jian, was born in Shaanxi. Biography of Shan Jian in the Book of Jin said that he was a general who conquered the south and defended Xiangyang. The landscape of the local Xi Garden is very good. Shan Jian often goes to Xi's swimming pool to get drunk. The poet wants to get drunk with Shan Jian and express his love for Xiangyang scenery. This situation is also integrated in the previous landscape description, full of positive and optimistic emotions.
This poem shows us an ink and wash landscape painting with elegant color, fresh style and beautiful artistic conception. The layout of the picture, dense and alternating, combined with simple control and complex, freehand brushwork in form, light pen and light ink, emotional optimism, gives people a beautiful enjoyment. Yin Kun, a contemporary of Wang Wei, said in "The Collection of He Yue Ling": "Uyghur poetry is elegant, full of new ideas, and its conception is just right. It's a pearl in spring, painted on the wall. " This poem can embody this feature very well.
Ge Yanxing is not only Gao Shi's "first masterpiece" (Zhao Xi's evaluation), but also a masterpiece of frontier poems in the whole Tang Dynasty, which has been passed down through the ages. In the fifteenth year of Kaiyuan (727), Gao Shi went north to accumulate Yumen. In twenty years, Li Yi, the king of Xin 'an, conquered Xi and Qidan. He went north to Youyan, hoping to work for the Xin 'an shogunate, but failed to do so: "Without the letter of guarantee, all the generals would be in debt. Disappointed with Sun Wu, he went back to the door alone (Ji Zhong Zuo). It can be seen that he has studied the military affairs of the northeast frontier fortress. In the 21st year of Kaiyuan, Youzhou made Zhang Shouxuan make some achievements. But in twenty-four years, Pinglu made An Lushan beg and qidan, saying that "An Lushan relied on courage and lightness skill, and was defeated by Lu" (Zi Jian, Volume 215). Twenty-six years, Youzhou ordered Zhao Kan and Bai Zhentuo to keep Zhang Shouxuan, and forced Lu Army to send troops to attack Xi and Qidan, winning first and then losing. "Keep Xuan Yin's shape, and play the role in vanity" ("Old Tang Book? Zhang Shousheng biography). Gao Shi was deeply impressed by the two defeats after Kaiyuan twenty-four years ago, so he wrote this article. The main purpose of the poem is to condemn the generals who were encouraged by the emperor for being arrogant, underestimating their enemies, being dissolute and dereliction of duty, leading to the failure of the war and causing great pain and sacrifice to the soldiers. The poet wrote about the frontier war, but the focus was not on ethnic contradictions, but on generals who sympathized with soldiers, satirized and resented them. The whole poem describes the whole process of a battle with very concentrated pen and ink: the first paragraph, eight sentences are about division, the second paragraph, eight sentences are about defeat, the third paragraph, eight sentences are about besieged city, and the fourth paragraph and four sentences are about the outcome of a desperate struggle. Between these segments, the pulses are dense. The first two sentences in the poem show the position and nature of the war. See refers to current events, I feel it. " Stride forward together, look like a hero, and get the greatest favor from the emperor. "It seems to brag about the powerful glory that Korea will go to the country, but it actually implies irony and concealment. Fan Kuai said in front of Lv Hou, "I wish there were 100,000 troops who would run amok among the Huns. Lu Bu accused him of cheating the monarch to his face. (See Historical Records? "Biography of Ji Bu") Therefore, the origin of this "rampage" refers to relying on courage and underestimating the enemy. Tang Ruxun said, "It is said that the smoke and dust is in the northeast, but it was not committed in our mainland. It was destroyed by the Han Dynasty. Gai Ming is heavy and rampant, and the son of heaven is thick and polite. Can you have no trouble? " (Interpretation of Tang Poetry, Volume 16) This understanding is correct. Then he described the process of marching: "They marched in the sound of gongs and drums, passed through the Yushu Pass and surrounded the stone tablet with a row of flying flags. "Through the golden drum hitting the sky and swaggering forward, we can know the arrogant attitude of the general before the war, which also played a foil role for the following. As soon as the war started, "until the captains on their sand sea gave orders with feathers", the word "flying" warned the military crisis: "The hunting fire of the Tatar chieftain flashed along the Wolf Mountain" is like "watching the Ming king hunt at night, painting on fire, beating drums and wailing, which is shocking!" (Zhang Xiaoxiang's Song of Six Kingdoms) Unexpectedly, the "remnant thief" is so powerful. From resigning to the countryside, to Guan Yu, Jieshi, and even Hanhai and Langshan, eight poems summarize the course of the expedition, gradually advancing and the atmosphere gradually tense. The second paragraph is about losing in a key battle. Putting pen to paper is "the mountains and rivers outside are cold", which shows an open and dangerous area and brings out a cold breath. "Hu's riding" is fast and fierce, rolling in like a storm. The Han army struggled to meet the enemy and was killed in the dark. However, at this moment, the generals are far away from their positions for fun: "There are still beautiful girls dancing and singing for them in the camp! "Such a harsh fact contrast has effectively exposed the contradiction between the soldiers of the Han army and hinted at the cause of failure. Therefore, what is written behind is the tired soldiers, the difficult encirclement, the lonely city sunset, the decaying grassland and the gloomy scenery, which have distinctive frontier characteristics and set off the desolation of the defeated soldiers. " When you are lucky, you despise your enemies. However, despite what they have done, Elm Street is still unsafe. In view of the above, Han Jiang's heroic spirit of "rampaging" has vanished, and his guilt is certain. The description of soldiers' sufferings in the third paragraph is a deeper condemnation of Han Jiang. It should be noted that this is not a general description of the war process, but a portrayal of the soldiers in danger of being besieged. The next trio of "still at the front line, dressed in rags", a sentence of finding a husband and a sentence of losing a wife in the suspense of finding a husband are intertwined, and the pain of parting gradually deepens. The young women in the south of the city are sad day and night, but "the fury of the wind cuts my man?" It is futile to look back on the people in northern Hebei. After all, "in a place of death and blue emptiness, there is nothing ahead!" Leave Wan Li, and you'll never see it again. "Life is here, and Heaven is better!" What's more, what you can see during the day is just that "the clouds of slaughter three times a day rise over the camp"; At night, I only heard that "and the whole night is on the hour-the drums are shaking their chilly rumbling". Such a critical desperate situation really died in front of me, and people can't help but wonder who pushed them to this desperate situation. This is an indispensable part of deepening the theme. The last four sentences are the whole article, and the tragic feelings are incisively and vividly. "Until the White Sword is seen again, blood is everywhere. When death becomes a responsibility, who will stop to think of fame?" Finally, the soldiers fought hand-to-hand with the enemy and fought bloody battles. Is this the spirit of sacrificing one's life for righteousness? How simple, kind and brave they are, but how sad they are! The poet's feelings contain sympathy and praise, while Gu Xun is a powerful mockery of the Han generals' rash expansion of territory and rash claim for credit. In the last two sentences, the poet said emotionally: "However, when it comes to the hardships of desert war, today we are going to mention Li, a great general who lived a long time ago!" Eight or nine hundred years ago, Li Guang, the flying general of Weizhenbei, took good care of his foot soldiers everywhere and made them "die of joy". This is in stark contrast to those arrogant generals. It is of great significance for the poet to put forward General Li. From the Han Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty, there have been thousands of years. There are countless generals who drove the soldiers to the chicken to fly and the dog to jump. There are more soldiers who worked hard to prepare their bodies and bury them in foreign countries than Qian Qian! However, there has only been one Li Guang for thousands of years, so why not teach people to remember him hard? Du Fu praised the poems of Gao Shi and Cen Can: "The meaning is just flying, and the articles are always mixed." ("Thirty Poems about Sending Your Envoy and Cen Chang") This poem ends with Li Guang, and its artistic conception is more vigorous and far-reaching. The whole poem is magnificent and vigorous, but after some bleak management, it has become muddy and seamless. The atmosphere is solemn and stirring, and the thought is profound and implicit. "The mountains and rivers in the border are cold, and soon barbarians are stepping on the wind and rain", "The desert is poor in autumn, and the sunset leaves a few watchers", and the poet deliberately hints and exaggerates this tragic scene, exposing the sins of the generals who are eager to achieve success with desolate horror. Especially in the fierce war, the poet described the complex and changeable inner activities of soldiers, which was tragic and touching and deepened the theme. The whole poem hides sharp contrast everywhere. From the description throughout the whole article, the soldiers' loyalty to their duties is in sharp contrast with the Han generals' pampering and greed, the soldiers' hard work and long-term separation from their families, and the Han generals' dereliction of duty and debauchery. Finally, Li Guang is put forward, which is a comparison between ancient and modern times. The whole article "Half of our men were killed at the front, but the other half are still alive, and beautiful girls are still dancing and singing for them in the camp" and "Two sentences are the most profound" (Wu Rulun's comments are quoted in Tang and Song poems). This contrast is very obvious, which greatly strengthens the power of irony. Ge Yanxing is a typical representative of seven-character poems in Tang Dynasty. The rhymes of the whole poem are "Entering Tone", "Deleting Tone", "Singing", "Slight Tone", "Having Tone" and "Writing Tone" in turn, which happens to be even and restrained. In addition to the last two sentences, rhyming sentences and antithetical sentences are self-evident, and non-antithetical sentences are also in line with the level of the sentence, such as "They walked through the elm pass with the sound of gongs and drums, and the noise hindered the stone room"; The rhyming sentences are also very neat, such as "Tuyun starts from the camp three times a day, and the bells and drums shake cold all night." "The beauty of this tune is" the sound of an iron horse, the festival of singing the ball on a jade plate "(Note on Nine Xing Rhymes of Tang).