Dynasty: Tang Dynasty
Author: Li Bai
Original text:
The foot of my bed is shining so brightly. Is there frost already?
I looked up at the moon and looked down, feeling nostalgic.
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This poem is about the feeling of missing my hometown on a silent moonlit night.
The first two sentences of the poem are an illusion created by the poet in a specific foreign environment in an instant. A person who lives alone in a foreign country and is busy during the day can still dilute his sadness. However, in the dead of night, the waves of missing his hometown will inevitably surge in his heart. Not to mention on a moonlit night, not to mention on a frosty autumn night. "Could there have been frost?" The word "doubt" in the poem vividly expresses that the poet woke up from his sleep and mistook the Leng Yue in front of his bed for the thick frost on the ground. The word "frost" is better used, which not only describes the bright moonlight, but also expresses the cold of the season, and also sets off the loneliness and desolation of the poet wandering abroad.
On the other hand, the last two sentences of the poem deepen homesickness through the description of actions and ways. The word "hope" takes care of the word "doubt" in the previous sentence, which shows that the poet has changed from a daze to a sober one. He gazed eagerly at the moon and couldn't help thinking that his hometown was under the bright moon at this moment. So naturally, I came to the conclusion that "I sank back and suddenly thought of home". The action of "bowing your head" depicts the poet completely lost in thought. And the word "miss" left a rich imagination space for readers: the old brothers, relatives and friends in that hometown, the mountains and rivers, the grass and trees in that hometown, the lost years, the past … are all in my thoughts. A word "Xiang" contains too much content.
Amin Hu Yinglin said: "Taibai quatrains are all written in words. The so-called people who have no intention of working are unemployed. " Wang Shimao thinks: "(quatrains) Only Violet (Li Bai) and Long Biao (Wang Changling) were extremely ambitious in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Li is more natural, former residence. " What are "nature" and "unintentional work"? This song "Silent Night Thinking" is a sample list. Therefore, Hu specially put it forward and said it was "a wonder of ancient and modern times."
This little poem has neither strange and novel imagination nor exquisite and gorgeous rhetoric; It only describes the homesickness of distant guests in a narrative tone, but it is meaningful and intriguing, and has attracted readers so widely for thousands of years.
Strangers in a foreign country will probably feel this way: just one day, in the dead of night, homesickness will inevitably ripple in my heart; What's more, it's a moonlit night, what's more, it's an autumn night with a bright moon like frost!
The white frost on the moon is clear, which is the night scene of clear autumn; Describing moonlight with frost color is also common in classical poetry. For example, in the poem Xuanpu Liang Na written by Emperor Wen of Liang Jian and Xiao Gang, "jathyapple is like autumn frost". Zhang, a poet in the Tang Dynasty who was earlier than Li Bai, wrote a bright moonlight with "frost flowing in the air" in "Moonlight on a Spring River", which gave people a three-dimensional sense, especially a wonderful idea. However, these are all used as rhetorical devices in poetry. "Is there frost already?" This poem is narrative, not figurative words, but a temporary illusion of the poet in a specific environment. Why is there such an illusion? It is not difficult to imagine that these two sentences describe the situation that the guest can't sleep at night and has a short dream for the first time. At this time, the courtyard was lonely, and the bright moonlight hit the bed through the window, bringing a cold autumn chill. At first glance, the poet was in a blur and trance, and it really seemed that the ground was covered with frost; But a closer look, the surrounding environment told him that this is not a frost mark, but a moonlight. The moonlight inevitably attracted him to look up, and a round of Juan Juan Su Ling hung in front of the window. The space in autumn night is so bright and clean! At this time, he was fully awake.
The moon in autumn is especially bright, but it is very cold. For lonely and distant travelers, it is the easiest to touch their yearning for autumn, which makes people feel depressed and the years fly by. Staring at the moon is also the easiest way to make people daydream, think of everything in their hometown and their relatives at home. Thinking, thinking, head gradually lowered, completely immersed in meditation.
From "doubt" to "looking up" and from "looking up" to "bowing down", the poet's inner activities are vividly revealed, and a vivid picture of homesickness on a moonlit night is vividly outlined.
Just four poems, written fresh and simple, clear as words. Its content is simple, but it is also rich. Easy to understand', but inexhaustible. The poet said nothing more than what he had already said. Its conception is meticulous and profound, but it is also blurted out without trace. From here, it is not difficult for readers to understand the wonderful scenery of "nature" and "no work and no heart" in Li Bai's quatrains.
Second, work at night.
Dynasty: Tang Dynasty
Author: Gao Shi
Original text:
The cold light in the hotel stayed alone and didn't sleep, and the guest turned sad.
My hometown is thinking thousands of miles tonight, and it is another year of the Ming Dynasty. (Frost Temple: Sorrow Temple)
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On New Year's Eve, the traditional custom is that families get together. "When you stay awake, you call it guarding the age" (Local Customs). The title of the poem New Year's Eve should have aroused the author's fond memories of this traditional festival, but the New Year's Eve in this poem is a different scene.
The beginning of the poem is the word "hotel", which seems dull, but it can not be ignored, and the feelings of the whole poem are born from this. It was New Year's Eve, and the poet looked at the bright lights outside and gathered together, while he stayed away from his family and lived in a guest house. In contrast, the poet was moved by the scene before him, and even the lamp with the same light and heat in front of him became "cold". The word "cold lamp" renders the hotel deserted and the poet's inner sadness. On New Year's Eve, the cold light only reflects, which makes it difficult for the poet to fall asleep. When he wakes up alone, he will think of the happy scene of family reunion and staying together in his later years, which makes the poet even more unbearable. Therefore, this sentence seems to write about the future and the present, but it is tied from the opposite side everywhere, depicting a lonely and cold artistic conception. The second sentence, "What makes a guest feel sad", is a transfer sentence, which expresses thoughts and feelings more clearly in the form of questions, so it is called "guest" because it is in the guest. The poem asks, "What makes the guests feel sad?" The reason is that he is on New Year's Eve. In the evening, the thick atmosphere of New Year's Eve surrounded the poet in a guest house with cold lights and only shadows, and his sense of loneliness and sadness came to life. The word "turn sad" in this sentence describes the author's loneliness on New Year's Eve. Missing relatives in their hometown thousands of miles away; How time flies.
One or two sentences have been written in the poem, and the poet seems to be about to pour out his feelings at this moment. However, he abandoned himself and wrote from his distant hometown: "My hometown thinks a thousand miles tonight." "Hometown" refers to relatives in hometown; "Thousands of miles" refers to the poet himself who is thousands of miles away. My relatives in my hometown must be thinking about me thousands of miles away on this New Year's Eve, thinking about where I left tonight and how I spent it alone. In fact, this is also a manifestation of the "hometown of thousands of miles". The poet did not directly express his yearning for his hometown, but expressed it more implicitly and euphemistically.
"first frost will have another year tomorrow" and "Tonight" is New Year's Eve, so it is another year tomorrow. From the old year to the new year, this endless yearning will add new white hair to the poet. Shen Deqian commented in the Qing Dynasty: "It is more meaningful to be a relative and a stranger in your hometown." The reason why it is "more meaningful" is that the poet skillfully used "antithesis" to express his deep feelings more elegantly. This is also a common expression in classical poetry, such as Du Fu's Moonlit Night: "She looked at the moonlight in Fuzhou, far away, and looked at it alone from the window of her room." What is written in the poem is that the wife misses her husband, which is actually a reflection of the poet's own feelings.
In the Ming Dynasty, Hu Yinglin thought that quatrains should be used to the end. For example, the word "impossible" has been added to "Gonda's hometown is thinking thousands of miles tonight, and it will be another year tomorrow" (Volume 6 of Poems). The so-called "exhaustion of meaning" refers to the completeness of poetry; The so-called "not allowed to add a word" is to refine the language. "Tonight is a thousand miles away, tomorrow is another year", which is a concentrated expression of the long, deep and bitter thoughts of both sides on New Year's Eve, fully showing the theme of the poem. Therefore, as far as the characteristics of this poem are highly summarized and refined, it has received the artistic effects of "poor meaning" and "adding a word".