Li He was born in Fuchang, Henan Province (now Yiyang, Henan Province) and descended from Li Liang, the imperial clan of the Tang Dynasty. Li Liang, the king of Zheng, is his uncle. Li He's father's name is Jin Su, and he is an official in Shaanxi County. He died a long time ago. Li He was born in Changgu, Fuchang, so some people call him Li Changgu. In the second year of Yuanhe (807), the Li family moved to Luoyang. Yuanhe died in his hometown in the eleventh year.
Li Chengming was famous earlier, and he was quite famous in the poetry circle at the end of Zhenyuan, known as "a gifted scholar" and "Shi Gui". His poems either show hatred for the separatist regime of the buffer region, or frequently praise the imperial court, or reflect the dark reality of society and sympathy for the working people. However, Li He's career collapsed all his life, and it was too early. This is mainly because he is very sensitive to the world and often struggles with life and death. He devoted all his heart to the world and contributed hundreds of colorful works, but what he swallowed was the bitter fruit of a bleak life.
Li He's life is short, only 27 years, but he has experienced three dynasties: Shun and Xian. During this period, due to the catastrophe of the Anshi Rebellion, the social contradictions in the Tang Dynasty deepened, the feudal forces in Hebei, Shandong and other places were powerful, and the eunuchs in the DPRK were tyrannical, which made the political atmosphere in the middle Tang Dynasty more and more depressed and suffocating. The great and brilliant Tang empire is gradually weakening, and its former scenery is no longer there. Intellectuals living in this period generally felt spiritual emptiness due to the growth of unstable emotions. The enthusiasm and romance in the Tianbao period of Kaiyuan generally turned to indifference and uneasiness, and the introversion of blame replaced the exposed generosity. Traditional views are beginning to be doubted by many people, and serious rational thinking is abandoned by many people. Li He's mentality can best express the feelings of the literati in the middle Tang Dynasty. Because people are frustrated and disappointed with the objective reality, they finally blindly pursue their own subjective heart. Numerous facts have proved that the kind of repression in the middle Tang society was a hotbed for brewing and sprouting many morbid personalities.
Li He's hometown, Changgu County, is a place with extremely beautiful natural scenery. Li He is described in poems such as South Garden, Long Valley and Lan Xiang Goddess Temple. This is the land where Luoshui flows. The wilderness is lush, the mountains are undulating, the springs are running, branches of different colors are hung, butterflies are flying, and bees are flying. Living in such an environment, Li He's childhood should be carefree and happy. But at that time, Changgu County was not a paradise. During the more than ten years since Li He was born, the counties and counties around Changgu were in danger and turbulent. In the sixth year of Zhenyuan (790), there was a drought in the Jianghuai area, and towns in Hebei and towns in Ziqing, Shandong killed each other, and the western frontier invaded by Tubo, cutting off the Hexi Corridor. This series of events had an impact on Changgu and left a permanent mark on Li He's mind. The background of this era played a decisive role in the formation of Li He's personality, which made his happy childhood stained with sadness and anxiety.
In Nature in the Long Valley, Li He observed various changes in the scenery in the Long Valley. In his eyes, natural things have a strong subjective color. For Li He, whose subjective feelings are so strong, it is impossible to abandon reality and enjoy the beauty of nature alone. Li He's troubles, disappointments, inner weakness and anxiety in emotional activities all his life are closely related to the declining Tang Dynasty. Some scholars have pointed out that fishy smell, diarrhea, bitterness, death, old age, cold, fox, fairy, dragon, snake, ghost and so on. It is obvious that he needs some * * * to be anesthetized for a while in extreme sentimentality, which is also an abnormal symptom besides his disappointment and fatigue of the times. From this point of view, the decline from prosperity in the Tang Dynasty is a hotbed of Li He's distorted personality, and it is also the main factor of his emotional foil and reflection.
Some people think that the declining aristocratic lineage is the prerequisite for the formation of Li He's morbid personality.
The code of conduct accepted by Li He in personality socialization is aristocratic, and he always uses this code of conduct to control his behavior, which is also an important factor in the formation of his morbid personality. Li He is chasing Zheng Wang Li Liang. Although it took about 200 years to get to Li He from Li Liang, this extremely thin lineage can't bring any glory to Li He's family. However, the arrogance of princes and nobles flowing in his blood always exists in Li He's ideological system, lest others forget his aristocratic status. In Jin Tong Xian Chuan Han, he reminded people: "Tang Wangsun wrote Jin Tong Xian Chuan Han." "Renhe Emperor Puyi" also said: "Who pity the grandson? "He called himself" the prince of the Tang Dynasty "and" the grandson "many times. In the Tang Dynasty, the royal family took Ji Cheng in Longxi as the county seat, and Li He set his native place in Ji Cheng in Longxi. The poem "Bars, Zhang Dache's Poems and Wine Barriers Effective" says: "Longxi is long and auspicious, and the sense of wine barriers is narrow in the middle. "A self-reliant, arrogant expression. The famous poet Yuan Zhen visited him after Jing Zhuo, but he refused to answer, which shows the arrogance of his princes and nobles. It is by this nihilistic biography of Tang Wang Sun that Li He confirms his value. In fact, he is still far from the living conditions of "the prince and grandson of the Tang Dynasty". As a declining aristocrat, his family is quite embarrassed. His father, Li Jinsu, went to Sichuan to be a small official and died very early. He and his younger brother live by their mother, and his younger brother goes to Lushan to make a living. Ideal is in sharp contrast with reality. Noble pedigree formed his aloof character, but reality made him hit a wall everywhere, and Li He's thought always lingered in the contradiction between fantasy and reality. He fantasized about the luxury of aristocratic life and used poetry to experience the ideal aristocratic life. In his poems, such as Unforgettable Song, Nocturnal Song of the Noble Son and Ancient Meaning of the Balcony, Li He exaggeratedly described the colorful lives of the nobles, so as to comfort himself and fill his heart with extravagant hopes. In the gap between reality and fantasy, Li He endured painful suffering.
Li He pretends to be lofty, and his thoughts are incompatible with reality. The less happy life is, the more imagination transcends reality, and the more miserable reality is. Such a chain reaction caused Li He to fall into pain and could not break free. He had to devote all his energy to poetry creation. His mother said, "The child is going to vomit." Li He worked hard to build his ideal palace, but the glamorous appearance of the palace could not hide his sad and helpless emotional world. This sad and sentimental emotion stems from his noble character of self-reliance and arrogance.
Some people think that morbidness and weirdness are the basic factors that form Li He's morbid personality.
Li He, who has always prided himself on being romantic and elegant, has a face with two thick black eyebrows, a fat nose and unbalanced facial features. Such a thin and ugly face is enough to become Li He's heart disease. In addition, due to the urging of diseases that often accompany the growth of age, his mood is also quite bleak. As he wrote, "A big nose should be brown, and people who spoil their eyebrows lament", "In the prime of life, they hold their grievances, and dreams make them grow old", and "My country's magnolia leaves are covered with pepper, and my illness helps them grow their silk", it is not difficult to see that the signs of aging before old are thrilling to Li He, who is young but sick, not to mention that the disease is still raging! Li He said in "Sadness"; "Swallow YanXue Chu Yin, sick bone deep and remote element. Autumn is white and the leaves are crying. The light is blue, and moths are dancing in the sunset. The ancient wall is dusty and the soul is dreaming. " This is a sad person who has been troubled by illness for a long time and sings weakly in fatigue.
People agree that Li He's obstruction in seeking official position and humble official position are the catalysts for the formation of morbid personality.
Li He is a noble child. In his stable attitude and habitual behavior, he has been restraining himself by seeking values and codes of conduct for being an official and honoring his ancestors. /kloc-When he was 0/8 years old, he left home to apply for a job in Luoyang. Being an official is the ultimate ideal for Li He, who is of noble descent, and Li He's position in China also makes his consciousness of seeking an official more intense. In a family, the mother's words and deeds directly and often unconsciously shape the child's character and cognitive ability. Li He was taken care of by his mother since childhood. He is used to being above his brothers and sisters, and his mother often uses the reputation of aristocratic children to educate him. This kind of psychological accumulation is like an invisible force, which affects his views on fame and fortune and career. He needs to get a high position and experience luxury. He wrote in the poem "An Introduction to a Horse": "I have a sword of words, and Yu Feng can cut clouds." Show your great ambition that you were born out of dust. When I arrived in Luoyang, I met Han Yu, a great writer, and got his support and encouragement, which made Li He full of inflated desires and set sail.
In the fifth year of Yuanhe (8 10), Li composed 13 "Yueyue, a December Music Poem", and was selected to take the Chang 'an Jinshi Examination in Henan Province. However, due to some prejudice at that time, Li He's father Li Jinsu's "gold" is homophonic with Jinshi's "gold" and should be avoided according to etiquette. Although Han Yu, who was famous in the ruling and opposition at that time, wrote Debate on Taboo to defend him, it didn't help. This incident not only made Li He lose a Jinshi exam, but more importantly, it had a great influence on his character. It can also be seen from this incident that Li He does not have the ability to adapt to society. After leaving his mother, he was at a loss, withdrawn and self-respecting, and lacked affinity for the people around him. Although he got the support of Han Yu and regarded Han Yu as his patron and protector, when Han Yu couldn't help him, he was completely desperate, and this despair affected his life. He began to become bored and decadent. There is a line in the poem "Out of the City": "Osmanthus fragrans are scarce under the snow, and songbirds are beaten." Like a wounded bird, Li He had to go back to his hometown in Changgu.
In the sixth year of Yuanhe, his career took a turn for the better, and he left his hometown to serve as Feng in Chang 'an. However, this official has a low position and is only responsible for the tribute when the ancestral temple sweeps the grave. For Li He, who is proud and self-respecting, the future has not changed at all, but it has aggravated the bitterness and helplessness in his character. After three years in office, he almost cut off contact with everyone, and he lived a closed and sad life.
In the process of Li He's personality development, inferiority and arrogance affect him at the same time. He tried to reach a balance, but he never reached it. His morbid psychological characteristics led to his works in this period full of disappointment, sadness, anger, sadness and desolation. Throughout his life, his career was bumpy, aloof and romantic, ugly and sickly, all of which led to his negative spiritual personality. His poems reflect his negative thoughts on life, but he takes an evasive attitude towards society, rides a donkey for poetry materials, comes back to work by candlelight at night, and leads a negative life of isolation. He used poetry to express his bitterness, dedicated his sufferings and made up for the defects and deficiencies in his life.
The morbid personality makes Li He a depressed poet. The theme of his poems is to express his inner repression. His poems have a bitter feeling, and an air of aboveboard repression and resentment. Some people are happy and some are scolded for the poems written by the sick Li He. Some people compare it to Du Fu's poem and praise it as Tang Chunqiu. Some people think that the core of Li Heshi is fame and fortune; Some people think that Li He's poems are full of ghosts. The lowest evaluation thinks that Li Heshi describes * * * and pornography, and "the content is nothing". Different people have different opinions. An expert said that when future generations learn from Li He, "those who learn from his spirit live and those who learn from his shape die". Perhaps this is the most appropriate evaluation of Li He.