Zhao Gou fled to the south of the Yangtze River and ascended the throne in Lin 'an, which is known as the Southern Song Dynasty. However, the small court in the Southern Song Dynasty did not accept the painful lesson of national subjugation in the Northern Song Dynasty, but became angry from embarrassment and tried to strengthen itself. The rulers do not want to recover the lost land in the Central Plains, but only seek to generalize, surrender to the outside world, and brutally persecute Yue Fei and other patriots at home. Politically corrupt and incompetent, dignitaries indulge in debauchery and pleasure.
In the second year of Shaoxing in the Southern Song Dynasty (1 132), Song Gaozong Zhao Gou returned to Hangzhou for the second time, and he took a fancy to this "paradise on earth" in the southeast. As a result, from emperors and princes to literati and businessmen, under the condition of enduring humiliation and gaining a comfortable life, they overhauled pavilions, built Ming halls and ancestral temples, and the palace view rose on a whim. Dajia, a high-ranking official and wealthy businessman, also managed the mansion in succession, expanded the "Imperial House", indulged in singing and dancing, and indulged in a decadent life of luxury and erosion.
At that time, a group of people were also addicted to pleasure and did not think about recovery. They even wrote that "the warm wind is ten miles beautiful, and the flowers are over the clouds." When the sun sets, spring comes back, ignoring the lake and lake smoke. Tomorrow, I will take the rest of the wine to find flowers on strangers. "Poetry, when it is really like this, you have become an alcoholic.
But there are still a group of literati who strongly oppose and advocate restoration, and they realize this dark reality. Lin Sheng is one of them. His most classic seven-character quatrain, Lin 'an Mansion, did not contain a single dirty word in just 28 words, but "cursed" all the officials in the Southern Song Dynasty.
Name of Lin 'an Building
Lin Sheng in the Southern Song Dynasty
When will the singing and dancing in the West Lake stop?
Warm winds make tourists drunk and make Hangzhou a continent.
Lin Sheng, also known as Meng Ping, was a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty. There are not many records about Lin Sheng, only two have been handed down, but this poem named Lin 'an House is enough to make him immortal in the history of poetry.
Di (dǐ) means hotel, so we can know from the title that this poem was written on the wall of a hotel in Lin 'an, the imperial capital of the Southern Song Dynasty, and it is an ancient "wall poem".
In the first sentence of the poem, "Outside the green hills and towers", the poet grasped the characteristics of Lin 'an City: the green hills overlap and the towers are row upon row. This first describes the great mountains and rivers of the motherland, continuous green mountains and pavilions. "There is heaven above and Suzhou and Hangzhou below." What a beautiful natural scenery it is. But then again, "When will the West Lake Dance stop?" In short, the poet was hurt by the reality of the country: such beautiful and wonderful mountains and rivers were occupied by the Jin people. The word "Hugh" in the poem not only implies the poet's heartache about the real social situation, but more importantly, it shows the poet's indignation that he blindly "Hugh" to make peace with those in power, unwilling to recover the lost land in the Central Plains, and only seeking peace and indulgence.
In the poet's mind, "West Lake Song and Dance" is just a lewd song and dance to kill the fighting spirit against gold. How much he hopes that this kind of singing and dancing can "rest" as soon as possible. Here, the poet uses rhetorical questions, which not only strengthens his anger at these politicians who are unwilling to recover lost ground, but also shows the sadness caused by the poet's concern about the fate of the country.
The last two sentences, "Warm wind makes tourists drunk, and Hangzhou becomes a continent", are famous sentences throughout the ages. The word "warm wind" is a pun, and the word "warm wind" is a pun, which refers to both the spring breeze in nature and the decadent wind in society. It is this "warm wind" that blows people's minds like they are drunk.
"Tourist" also has many meanings. Generally speaking, there are only tourists and wanderers. It is understandable for tourists to come out to visit the mountains, but when do you think it is? It is a critical moment when half the country falls and the country is in danger. The ancients said: Every man is responsible for the rise and fall of the world. At this time, even ordinary people, do you still have the heart to have fun? Can you still enjoy it with peace of mind? Besides, where did these tourists come from? This can't help but remind people of the scene when the ruling class in the Southern Song Dynasty fled the occupied areas but didn't want to restore to the north.
"It's a pity that Jingkang is still snowing." However, the small court in the Southern Song Dynasty was intoxicated by the warm wind and the singing and dancing of the West Lake. It has long forgotten the national disaster, and only knows how to steal peace and kneel down for peace. Therefore, the ending "directly treating Hangzhou as Bianzhou" means that the poet directly criticized the Southern Song authorities for forgetting national hatred and family feuds and treating Hangzhou as the old capital Bianzhou. Bianzhou, the ancient capital of the Eight Dynasties, was known as "the largest city in the world at that time" and was the creative place of The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival. Now it is dead and occupied by Jin people. So the poet is saying, how long can the small court in the Southern Song Dynasty be peaceful if this goes on? Its pungent satire contains great anger and endless worries, and all the "curses" are the powerful people in the DPRK without revealing a dirty word.
Born in sorrow, died in happiness.
There are many reasons for local peace in the Southern Song Dynasty, but one of the most important reasons is that the ruling and opposition parties are having a good time, living in a drunken dream, not thinking about recovery and indulging in pleasure. Lin Sheng's poems were all about social phenomena that existed at that time, but they were cleverly conceived, used proper words and were filled with indignation, but they still didn't swear. The cynicism hit the nail on the head, which can be described as penetrating. When it is really the best allegorical poem.