Original text:
Yu Jia Ao · Autumn Thoughts
The author Fan Zhongyan lived in the Song Dynasty
The scenery in autumn is different under the fortress, but the geese in Hengyang leave without paying attention. . Sounds ring out from all sides, thousands of miles away, long smoke sets, the sun sets, and the lonely city closes.
A glass of dirty wine can lead to a home thousands of miles away, but there is no plan to return home before it is too late. The Qiang pipes are covered with frost, people can't sleep, and the general's hair is white and his husband is in tears.
Translation
The scenery on the border is completely different when autumn comes, and the geese flying towards Hengyang show no nostalgia. The mournful sounds from the border areas came from all directions along with the sound of horns, in the overlapping mountain peaks. The dusk is heavy, the sun is setting over the mountains, and the lonely city gate is tightly closed. Drinking a glass of old wine and remembering my hometown thousands of miles away, I have a lot of thoughts. I think of the injustice on the border, the unfinished achievements, and I don’t know when I can return to my hometown. The Qiang people's flutes played melodiously, and frost spread all over the earth. It was late at night, and the soldiers could not sleep peacefully. Both the generals and the soldiers had their hair dyed white by the frost and snow, so they had to cry silently.
Notes
(1) Yujiaao: the name of the word brand, sixty-two characters in double tone, oblique rhyme, four seven-character sentences in the upper and lower parts, and one three-character sentence, each sentence uses rhyme , the tone is harmonious.
(2) The scenery in autumn is different under the fortress: under the fortress, the land of border fortresses, here refers to the northwest frontier. The scenery is different, which means that the scenery is different from that in the Jiangnan area.
(3) Hengyang Yan Qu: "The wild geese go to Hengyang" is a metaphor, referring to the wild geese leaving here to fly to Hengyang. According to legend, the northern geese fly south and end at Hengyang, Hunan.
(4) Side sounds: refers to various sounds with border characteristics, such as strong wind, horns, Qiang flutes, and horse whistles.
(5) Horn: a musical instrument in the ancient army.
(6) Qianzhang: Mountains like a barrier.
(7) Long smoke: smoke on the desert.
(8) Yan Ran is not at ease: It means that the border troubles have not been resolved and the achievements have not been completed. Yanran: the name of the mountain, which is Hangai Mountain in present-day Mongolia; Le: carving stones to record achievements. According to the "Book of the Later Han·Biography of Dou Xian", in the first year of Emperor Yongyuan of the Han Dynasty (89), Dou Xian of the Eastern Han Dynasty pursued the Northern Xiongnu and went out of the fortress for more than 3,000 miles to Yanran Mountain to carve stones to record his merits and return.
(9) Qiang (qiāng) pipe: Qiang flute. A musical instrument from the Qiang people in the ancient west
Appreciation
This frontier fortress poem not only expresses the heroism of the generals and the hard life of the conquerors, but also implies the Song Dynasty's policy of emphasizing domestic affairs over foreign affairs. Dissatisfaction, patriotic passion, and strong homesickness, all combined, constitute the complex and contradictory emotions of the general and his husband who are homesick but eager to make achievements. This emotion is mainly conveyed euphemistically through the description of the scenery and the rendering of the atmosphere throughout the poem. Looking at the whole poem, the artistic conception is broad and desolate, and the images are vivid and vivid. It reflects the scenes that the author has heard, witnessed and experienced personally, and expresses the inner feelings of the author himself and the border guards. It is truly touching to read.
Creative background
Between the first year of Kangding (1040) and the third year of Qingli (1043) in the Song Dynasty, Fan Zhongyan served as deputy economic envoy of Shaanxi and governor of Yanzhou. During the reign of Renzong of the Song Dynasty, Fan Zhongyan was sent to the northwest front by the imperial court and assumed the important task of defending the northwest frontier in the Northern Song Dynasty. This poem was written during the war between the Northern Song Dynasty and the Western Xia Dynasty.
About the author
Fan Zhongyan (October 1, 989 - June 19, 1052?), courtesy name Xiwen. His ancestral home is Pizhou, and he later moved to Wuxian County, Suzhou (now part of Suzhou, Jiangsu Province). An outstanding politician and writer in the Northern Song Dynasty. ?
Fan Zhongyan lost his father when he was young. Because his mother, Mrs. Xie, remarried to the Zhu family of Changshan, he changed his name to Zhu Shuo. In the eighth year of Dazhong Xiangfu (1015), Fan Zhongyan studied hard and passed the exam, and was awarded the title of Guangde Army Manager to join the army. Later, he successively served as magistrate of Xinghua County, school manager of Mi Pavilion, general magistrate of Chenzhou, magistrate of Suzhou, and magistrate of Kaifeng Prefecture. He was repeatedly criticized for speaking out and impartially. After the Song-Xia War broke out, in the first year of Kangding (1040), he and Han Qi were appointed deputy envoys of Shaanxi Economic Strategy to appease and recruit, and adopted the policy of "garrisoning the fields for a long time" to consolidate the northwest border defense. It played a role in promoting peace negotiations between Song and Xia. After things calmed down in the northwest, Song Renzong summoned Fan Zhongyan back to the court and was appointed Deputy Privy Envoy. Later, he paid homage to the political affairs minister, wrote "Answers to the Imperial Edict and Chen Shi Shi", initiated the "Qingli New Deal" and implemented reforms. Soon after the New Deal was frustrated, Fan Zhongyan asked himself to leave Beijing and visited Pizhou, Dengzhou, Hangzhou and Qingzhou. In the fourth year of Huangyou's reign (1052), he changed his name to Yingzhou and died on the way to take office at the age of sixty-four. Song Renzong personally wrote that the inscription on the stele is "a stele in praise of the virtuous". Later, he was given to the Grand Master, Zhongshu Ling and Shangshu Ling, and Wei Guogong. He was given the posthumous title "Wenzheng" and was known as "Fan Wenzhenggong" in the world. ? After the Qing Dynasty, they were successively worshiped in Confucius Temple and the temples of emperors of all dynasties.
Fan Zhongyan was talented in both civil and military affairs and was extremely resourceful. Whether he was in charge of the government or sent troops to guard the border, he was always concerned with the safety of the country and the great hope of the times. Although the Qingli Reform Movement led by him only lasted for one year, it pioneered the reform trend in the Northern Song Dynasty and became the prelude to Wang Anshi's "Xining Reform". His literary achievements are also outstanding. He advocated the idea of ??"worrying before the world's worries, and rejoicing after the world's happiness" and the integrity of people with lofty ideals, which had a profound impact on later generations. There is "Collected Works of Fan Wenzhenggong" handed down from generation to generation.