Author: Han Yuanji
(Bianjing hosted a banquet and heard the music of Jiaofang. )
Coagulation old pond head (2), orchestral sadness. How many pear orchards sound in the park is always unbearable.
In troubled times, apricot trees have nowhere to escape, only to stay alone with the wilderness, no one appreciates and pities. Only the sound of the imperial groove breaking (4) seems to know that people are sobbing.
To annotate ...
① Good things are close: "close", "preface", "introduction" and "slow" are all modes of words.
② Ning Bi: Wang Wei was detained by An Lushan and wrote the poem Ning Bi Chi.
③ Liyuan: Emperor Tang Ming selected 300 children of the left geisha to teach in Liyuan, which was a disciple of Emperor Tang Ming. Hundreds of ladies-in-waiting, also known as disciples of Liyuan. After that, the place where the play was performed was generally called the pear garden.
④ Fishing ditch: Forbidden City ditch.
Introduction of works
There are many things to do, and the pen is nine feet long. It was written by Han Yuanji and was selected into 300 Song poems. In the ninth year of Song Dynasty (1 173), the poet sent envoys to congratulate King Sejong on his birthday. This word was written after the banquet in the Jin Dynasty. Shangcheng Hua used the Anshi Rebellion to force the children of Liyuan to play music, saying that he asked Jinting to go to dinner, and the pear garden was loud and the country changed hands, which was extremely painful. After Xia Gan wrote the first two sentences about national subjugation, Xinghua was also sad, so she could only write Next to Wild Smoke. At that time, "Yugou" was cut off, unwilling to increase the grief of the people with the sound of "sobbing". The next four sentences, all symbolic descriptions, profoundly show the desire to return home. This word uses allusions and images to express the author's concern for the country. Please pay attention to the column "300 Song Ci Poems" for more appreciation articles of Song Ci.
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When I think of Chi Yuan in the old palace and hear the music in the old palace, I immediately feel infinite desolation. How many songs are in the pear garden, one after another, which makes it difficult for me, a white-haired old man, to recall the sadness brought by the past. In troubled times, apricot flowers have nowhere to escape, but they bloom quietly on the edge of the wilderness alone, and no one appreciates or pities them. Only the sound of water in the imperial ditch can know the sadness in people's hearts.
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In December of the eighth year of Song Xiaozong Trunk Road (1 172), Han Yuanji, the minister of the ceremony department, made a state observation, making Zheng Xingyi the positive and deputy ambassador. On the first day of March of the following year (Jin Zhuyong's birthday), he went to the Jin Dynasty to congratulate Wan Chun Festival. Go to the capital of song dynasty (then Nanjing of Jin people) and host a banquet for Jin people. During the dinner, the poet was moved by this scene and had mixed feelings, so he wrote this little word. After giving it to Lu You, Lu You wrote a poem called "North Korea's Letter of No Complaint", which was written by a messenger at a banquet in Du Dong Post and can be used as a reference for the word. There is a cloud in the poem: "Liang February flowers, the son of jinyi comes." The children's voice is full, and the golden horse is exquisite in the source post. The source post drums, the middle envoy is the guest, and Hu is the main one. Dancers don't remember Xuan He makeup, and Luer (the attendant) tries her best to speak Jurchen. The book came to give me a banquet speech, and I added some silk to my temples. If you are interested, you don't have to feel deeply. The fortification must be based on the cloud. " (See "Historical Manuscripts" Volume 4) It can be seen that the banquet of Jin people is located in. Song Wang Ming according to "Jade Qingxin Zhi" volume four clouds: "Chen Qiaoyi, between the capital Chen Qiao and Fengqiumen, Tang Dynasty was Shangyuan Post. ..... Later, the post station was used as a pavilion, which was the place where Lu envoys greeted them. " Shangyuan Post was built as Shangyuan Post. In the Northern Song Dynasty, it was not only a place where Lu envoys welcomed guests (now a hotel or guest house), but also a place where Song envoys should be received after entering the gold. Lu You's poems not only reflect the place of feasting, but also generally explain the time and situation of drinking, singing and dancing, which is very helpful to the analysis of this word.
This little sentence can be described as sad every word and every sentence, and patriotism runs through the whole article. Bianjing was once the old capital of the Song Dynasty, especially Shangyuan Post was the birthplace of the mutiny in Chen Qiao, Zhao Kuangyin, Song Taizu. The mutiny in Chen Qiao seized the regime of the Later Zhou Dynasty and laid the foundation for the Song Dynasty. However, after the "Jingkang Change", it has become a golden world. Now Han Yuanji has come to this ancient capital of the Song Dynasty, the birthplace of the Song Dynasty. The country remains the same and the characters are different. How can he not cry sadly?
The first movie of Ci used a similar historical event to express the pain at this time. According to Ming Taizu Miscellanies, at the end of Tianbao, An Lushan Rebels captured Luoyang, the eastern capital. At the meeting, the children in the pear garden were asked to play music, and they all cried. Musician Lei Haiqing threw his musical instrument to the ground and turned to the west. When the poet Wang Wei heard the news in prison, he secretly wrote a poem: "When do a hundred worries have wild cigarettes?" Autumn leaves fall into the deep palace, and orchestras are played in the pool. "The poem describes the desolate scene of the post-war palace and expresses his sad mood. The word Han Yuanji is undoubtedly influenced by this poem in terms of words and ideas. But its contradictions are sharper and its feelings are more painful.
Because the author is directly involved in contradictions and conflicts, the shock to the soul is even worse. Although "Ningbichi" is an ancient metaphor for today, it belongs to empty meaning, while the word "old" has profound meaning. It happened that in this "land where Lu envoys welcomed guests", the whole history was reversed when I heard the music of the old Song Jiaofang, in which "Han envoys were guests and Hu was the mainstay". How exciting it is for an envoy loyal to the Song Dynasty! Every grass and tree in Shangyuan's post and every word in Jiao Fang's music shocked his heart, so the poet could not help but sigh: "How many pear orchards are always unbearable!" This is a change from sound to appearance, which contains complex psychological contradictions and extremely deep hidden pain. Because this kind of music can cause people's sadness, and sadness is easy to make people aging, so it is said that it is always unbearable. The poet expressed his complex psychological activities in a specific environment with concise words, and the technique was extremely ingenious. Please pay attention to the column "300 Song Ci Poems" for more appreciation articles of Song Ci.
The next paragraph of this word is particularly clever. The first two sentences, not only point out the time, but also write the environment, using apricot flowers to draw up their own "apricot flowers have nowhere to avoid spring worries, but also smoke wild cigarettes." Taking the virtual with the real, sending it far away, has profound implications. The so-called realism, is the apricot blossom in February, Bianjing timely banquet. The Spring Festival of Jin people was celebrated in Yanshan (now Beijing), the capital of Jin people. The destination of Han Yuanji's trip was Yanshan. It arrived in Bianjing in mid-February, just as the poem quoted by Lu You said. Unable to escape the cold wind, apricot blossoms finally opened in the desolate land after the war; Poets, like apricot flowers, want to avoid the hostile Jin people, but because of their own mission, they have to attend banquets and listen to the sad music of the teaching workshop. Poets use apricot flowers to describe themselves, and their images are beautiful and noble; It is also full of artistic conception to use wild smoke to symbolize the desolate scene after the war. The word "nowhere to avoid spring worries" is where the word "eye" lies. With these five words, apricot blossom is personalized and has an image connection with the poet. This is called aesthetic empathy. Although the word "wild smoke" comes from Wang Wei's poems, the idea of "apricot blossom" may also be inspired by the sentence "autumn locust" in Wang Wei's poems. Poets closely linked it with reality, developed and cast it, making it a unique work of art.
The last two sentences are anthropomorphic, expressing my sadness. The water in the fishing ditch of Bianjing in the Northern Song Dynasty was originally flowing all the year round. But after the destruction of the war, it has long been blocked and dried up. No more murmuring sounds. This may not feel much for ordinary people, but for Han Yuanji, the envoy of the Song Dynasty, it caused him endless regrets. He had the sadness of leaving his hometown in his chest and wanted to vent it, but that was because of the situation at that time. Full of tears, let it swallow. But this kind of feeling is to be expressed, so it gives people spirituality, saying that it does not flow because it understands that the poet has infinite pain in his heart and is afraid that hearing the sound of sobbing will cause sobs. This description is very accurate and profound. People can't help screaming emotionally when they read this.
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The preface under the inscription explains the writing background of the word: The Engagement Table of the History of Jin says, "In the 13th year of Sejong Dading (1 173), it was new in early March, and Han Yuanji, the minister of the Song Dynasty, and Zheng Xingyi, an observer of Lizhou, celebrated the Spring Festival together." Accordingly, the "Bianjing Banquet" mentioned in the preface means that Bianjing was originally the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, and now it is the capital of Jinbang, and Han Yuanji and others, as ambassadors to Jinbang, accepted the banquet hosted by Jin Shizong; "Smelling folk music, I feel something" means that the author was deeply touched when he heard the performance of the royal band in the Song Dynasty at the banquet, so he wrote this article.
This is a poem expressing sadness, and the description of the scenery is designed for feelings.
Uptown wrote in Bianjing Palace and listened to Jiao Fang's music. It is an allusion to start with "Ningbi Jiuchitou" instead of Bianjing Palace. Ningbichi, the name of the pool in Luoyang Forbidden Park in Tang Dynasty, is a meritorious service. According to the Chronicle of Tang Poetry, after the Anshi Rebellion, An Lushan held a meeting to decide Ningbichi and forced the disciples of Liyuan to play music for him. Many musicians miss Xuanzong and sobbed. Among them, Lei Haiqing threw away his musical instrument and lost his voice to the West. An Lushan immediately ordered him to brutally dismember Lei Haiqing in the stable. The poet Wang Wei was being detained in Bordet by An Lushan at that time. When he heard about it, he wrote a poem, "When is every family sad and wild?" Autumn leaves fall in the deep palace, and orchestras are played in the pool. "Poet Han Yuanji here uses" Ningbi Jiuchitou "as a metaphor for Jin Shizong's Bianjing Palace, which has its own love and hate. The word "one" here is used as an auxiliary word to strengthen the tone. Listen to the sad tune played by the silk and bamboo pipes. Originally, the music played at the banquet should be the spring tune of "Free and unfettered", but it turned into a sad voice in the ears of the poet who entered the heart. "How many pear orchards are there? It's always unbearable. "Many musicians left over from the Northern Song Dynasty are playing and playing, but they can't help the hardships of decades of national subjugation. They are all rich and prosperous, and they are old-fashioned. At this time, the poet had already passed the age of knowing his destiny, and he had a strong feeling that his boss was dying.
The following story is full of sadness and dare not complain directly. It can only be expressed by scenery. "Apricot flowers have nowhere to hide the worries of spring, and they are also beside wild smoke" means that the apricot flowers in Bianjing should be open to the Song Dynasty if they have feelings, but they have nowhere to escape the pain brought by spring and have to vomit in the confused wild smoke. "Wild Smoke" here refers to Jin Bangjun, an alien ruler who brought disaster to the Central Plains. This can be seen from Wang Wei's poem "Every family is sad and gives birth to wild smoke" quoted above. "Apricot Blossom" refers not only to the disciples of the Song Dynasty Liyuan who are now in Di Chin, but also to the fact that they should have been courtiers of the Song Dynasty, but today they condescend to bow down to the Golden Jubilee as messengers of the Southern Song Dynasty. "Only the silence of the imperial ditch seems to know people's sobs": only the water in the imperial ditch is flowing intermittently, which seems to be the silent sobs that the listener knows the sadness and hatred in his heart best at this time.
This word is sad in style and full of twists and turns in expression. It seems to be an old story that happened in Ningbichitou in the previous dynasty. In fact, it satirizes the present with the ancient, mourning the downfall of the Northern Song Dynasty, lamenting the decline of the Southern Song Dynasty, and deeply touching the feelings of loyalty and righteousness.