Li He: 790-8 16, born in Fuchang, Henan (now Yiyang, Henan). County looks at Longxi, the home of Fuchang Changgu, because it is called Li Changgu. His father's name is Jin Su, and "Jin" and "Jin" are homonyms. Therefore, he was not allowed to take the Jinshi exam because he avoided his father. He was just a small official in Lang Feng and was very frustrated. His poems are full of sadness, longing for heaven, or dreaming of ghosts, which are called "ghosts" in the world. Especially good at Yuefu songs, with magnificent words, strange artistic conception and full of romance. Quatrains often show a sense of injustice, and the brushwork is super vertical. Li Changji's five volumes of songs and poems are all Tang poems.
The main poem Yanmen Taishouhang (1)
Li he
Enemy soldiers rolled in like dark clouds in an attempt to tear down the city wall; Our army was ready, and the sun shone on the armor, glittering with gold.
The role is full of autumn colors, stuffed with rouge and purple at night.
Half a roll of red flag is near Xiao (2), and the frost is heavy and cold.
Rolling on the golden platform of the emperor, supporting the Jade Dragon for your death (3).
To annotate ...
① Marshal Yanmen: the old topic of Yuefu's "harmony song, tonal song". The ancient Yanmen County is located in the northwest of Shanxi Province today.
Land.
② Yishui: In Yixian County, Hebei Province today.
Yulong: refers to the sword.
Comment and analysis
Many of Li He's poems are difficult to understand, but this one has different interpretations, but there is no agreement. The understanding of poetry is also very different.
After this short poem, it is said that the enemy Xiao is not afraid of danger and will die with his sword? Its theme is really related to fighting. However, the first four sentences mainly focus on scenery, except for "flowers in flowers" and "the sound of horns", which indicate that there are soldiers here, and they do not clearly describe the siege and breakthrough. Therefore, the differences in interpretation are mostly due to the different experiences of "suggestion". Although the implication is beyond the words, it still comes from words. A poem accumulates words into sentences, and sentences into articles, becoming an internally related whole. The first four sentences of this poem are quite difficult to understand, but the last four sentences are quite clear. Explain the last four sentences clearly, and then look back at the first four sentences, the meaning of the whole article is not difficult to understand.
Look at the last four sentences first. "Half-rolled red flag near Yishui" implies that there was a marching process before "near Yishui". "Half-rolled red flag" is a feature of marching in order to reduce resistance, such as "half-rolled red flag going out of Yuanmen". The word "pro" also shows the momentum of marching. So, did you meet the enemy after Lin Yishui? If so, what is the strength comparison? Who is the situation in favor of? All this is not described positively in the last three sentences, but the implication is clear: First, "facing yi river" means that progress is blocked, which reminds people of "Song of yi river": "The wind blows and the water cools, and the strong man is gone forever." Second, drumming is marching, but "heavy frost and cold drums" imply the seriousness of the war situation through unfavorable natural conditions. Third, at the end of the two sentences, it is self-evident that the Lord will go into battle with his sword and swear to repay his debt with death, then the enemy is now.
The first sentence is marked "black" on the "cloud", and the atmosphere is already very heavy. And this "dark cloud" has "crushed the city" and even "the city is going to be destroyed", which is obviously symbolic. The word "black" on the "cloud" is naturally not used to symbolize our army but the enemy. The enemy's siege is so fierce that our army has only deus ex's chance. "A bright light shines on the sun" is in sharp contrast with the previous sentence in color and form. It obviously contains joy and praise, of course, referring to our army. At first, the city was surrounded by dark clouds, and then the dark clouds collapsed and the sun was shining. The shining armor of our soldiers is like golden scales in the sun, dazzling. In other words, we fought our way out and defeated the enemy.
One or two sentences about siege and breakthrough constitute a unit of meaning. The following eight sentences are written to pursue the victory until the enemy reaches Xiao, which is the meaning of another unit. Horn, an ancient military instrument. There is a record of "blowing the horn and withdrawing troops" in the biography of the northern history of Jiande Wang Yanzong. Looking at the context, the phrase "the horn is full of autumn colors" is based on virtual realism. Show the magnificent scene of the enemy retreating and chasing in the reader's imagination. The word "night" in "blocking rouge and setting night purple" takes care of the word "day" in the first sentence, indicating that the breakthrough has been long, and the two sides are fighting each other. "Put on rouge", the old explanation quoted in Notes on Ancient and Modern Times, "Qin built the Great Wall, so it was called Zisai", is generally good. It is tempting to see the blood of war by closely describing the red and purple of the earth with the sound of the horn and autumn colors. Adding a word "coagulation" before "purple" further strengthens this association.
From "day" to "night" or even "frost" in the middle of the night, the pursuers had already arrived in Yishui, and the enemy naturally arrived in Yishui first. The pursuers followed, and if the enemy wants to cross the water, it may be that the whole army will re-serve, so it can only be the last fight. At the thought of Han Xin's backwater array, I knew how severe the situation facing the pursuer was! It is a reflection of this grim situation that the drum can't afford to fight, and the Lord swears to death. As for the result of a quick victory, let readers imagine it. Poets use special artistic techniques to express their unique artistic imagination, or use symbols, hints, or contrasts, or use virtual reality, sound visualization, and exchange parts for the whole, leaving readers with too broad imagination space, so readers' understanding varies from person to person.
The outstanding features of Li He's poems are novel images, bright colors, novel shapes and rich imagination. In Wild Goose Gate, these characteristics are fully and fully reflected. Take the last two sentences as an example to see how he pays attention to color setting and modeling. These two sentences say that the monarch will repay his kindness and he will fight to the death, but there is no conceptual language. The external image and internal activities of the monarch are highlighted through modeling and coloring. During the Warring States Period, Yan Zhaowang once built a platform to attract talents, because it was called "Huang Jintai". Jade Dragon was used as a sword in the Tang Dynasty. Gold and white jade are cherished by the world because of their texture and color. "Dragon" is a noble animal in ancient legends, and "Huang Jintai" is a symbol of longing for talents. The poet chose the shapes of "Jade Dragon" and "Huang Jintai", and wrote the poem "The Golden Platform repays the emperor's wishes and asks Jade Dragon to die for him", and the image of an energetic Lord came into view. His lofty spirit of not dying for his country and the virtue of the monarch attaching great importance to talents give readers a strong and beautiful feeling.