Full name: percy bysshe shelley.
Birth and death:1August 4, 792-1July 8, 822
Shelley is one of the most talented lyric poets in the history of English literature. William wordsworth once called him "one of the best artists among all of us", Byron also called him "the best and most unselfish person I know", and was even more praised as a poet among poets. He has a wide range of knowledge all his life. He is not only a Platonist, but also a great idealist. The poems created are lively and positive.
[Edit this paragraph] Life
At the age of eight, Shelley began to try to write poetry. During his time at Eton College, Shelley and his cousin Thomas co-wrote the poem The Wandering Jew and published the satirical novel Zastroch.
/kloc-When she was 0/2 years old, Shelley entered Eton College, where she was abused by her seniors and teachers. This phenomenon was very common in schools at that time, but Shelley didn't swallow it like ordinary freshmen. He openly resisted these, and this rebellious personality burned his short life like a fire.
18 10 years old, Shelley 18 years old entered Oxford university, deeply influenced by the works of British free thinkers Hume and godwin. Shelley habitually wrote his thoughts on God, politics and society in pamphlets and distributed them to some strangers. After reading them, he asked their opinions.
1811On March 25th, Shelley was expelled from Oxford University for spreading the inevitability of atheism. Shelley's father is an old-fashioned squire. He asked Shelley to publicly declare that he had nothing to do with the necessity of atheism, but Shelley refused, so he was kicked out of the house. Shelley was cut off from financial support and lived a lonely life with the help of two sisters. During this period, he met Harriet Westbrook, a classmate of his sister and the daughter of an innkeeper. Shelley has only met this 16-year-old girl several times. She's cute and pathetic. When Shelley saw her letter in Wales that she was abused by her father at home, she resolutely rushed back to London and eloped with the poor girl who admired him. They got married in Edinburgh and lived in York after marriage.
18 12 February 12 Shelley, who sympathized with Ireland's forced merger by Britain, took his wife to Dublin. In order to support the liberation of Irish Catholics, Shelley made an impassioned speech there, and distributed the letter and the proposal to set up a charity association to the Irish people. Driven by political enthusiasm, Shelley traveled all over Britain in the following year, distributing pamphlets of his free thoughts. In the same year, the narrative poem Queen Mabu was completed in June 5438 +065438+10. This poem is full of philosophy, attacking the hypocrisy of religion and all inequalities between the feudal class and the working class.
18 15, Shelley's grandfather died. Shelley, who was very poor at that time, got an annuity according to the eldest son inheritance law at that time, but he refused to share it with his sister. This year, besides Alaste, Shelley wrote more essays about philosophy and politics.
In May of the following year, I traveled to Europe with Mary, and kept close contact with Byron by the lake of Geneva. The friendship between the two great poets of his time remained until Shelley died. Shelley's later work Julian and Maddalo is based on Byron and himself. In June of the same year 165438+ 10, Shelley's wife threw herself into the river. In court, because she is the author of Queen Mabel, the judge awarded her father-in-law the right to raise two children. Because of this, Shelley suffered a heavy blow, and even his closest friends were afraid to mention their children in front of him. Out of pain and anger, Shelley wrote to judges and judges. Shelley married Mary, and in order not to affect the custody of the children born to him and Mary, Shelley and his family left England forever.
From 18 18 to 18 19, Shelley completed two important long poems, Prometheus Liberated and Qianqi, with his immortal masterpiece ode to the west wind. Prometheus Liberated can't be published as well as Queen Mabel, and Shelley's most mature and perfect work, Thousand Wonders, is called "the worst work of our time, as if it were written by the devil" by British critics.
182 1 On February 23rd, john keats passed away. In June, Shelley wrote to Adoni to express his condolences to Keats, and accused the British literary world and the social situation that led to Keats' early death.
1On July 8th, 822, Shelley was caught in a storm on his way back to Lerich from the Lehanduhai by his own boat "Don Juan", and the boat capsized. Shelley and the two people on board survived. According to local laws in Tuscany, anything floating from the sea must be burned. Shelley's body was cremated by his friends Byron and Trelawney in a Greek ceremony. They put frankincense on the corpse and sprinkled salt on the fire. In June 5438+the following year 10, Shelley's ashes were brought back to Rome and buried in his ideal resting place.
[Edit this paragraph] Marriage
Shelley's marriage was attacked by his enemies as the best weapon from the beginning. When the romantic chivalry was cooled by reason, the truer side of his hasty marriage began to appear with the growth of two people. Shelley had to admit that marriage didn't help his wife. Marriage just ties two people together to endure another kind of torture. Mentally and emotionally, the difference between the two people is getting bigger and bigger. During this period, Shelley met godwin's daughter mary wollstonecraft godwin (1797-185 1 year). They fell in love and went to the European continent. Their ideals of love and marriage are so pure that even the harshest critics are speechless. After Shelley died, Mary edited and annotated all his poems.
[Edit this paragraph] Main works
poetic sentiment
Song of the Irish (1809)
War (war, 18 10)
The devil's road (18 12)
Queen of Monoclonal Antibodies (Queen of Monoclonal Antibodies, 18 13)
A pacifist felt the overthrow of Bonaparte (Republic's feelings about the fall of Bonaparte, 18 16).
Marianne's dream (Marianne's dream, 18 17)
To the Chief Justice (18 17)
Osiman Diez (Ozymandias, 18 17)
Passing away (past events, 18 18)
Withered violets (on withered violets, 18 18)
Call for suffering (18 18)
To Mary (to Mary, 18 18)
Islamic rebellion (18 18)
Ode to the west wind (,18 19).
Hungry mother (hungry mother, 18 19)
Rosalind and Helen.
Sensitive plants (1820)
Cloud (Cloud, 1820)
A lark (1820)
Ode to Freedom (Ode to Freedom, 1820)
Prometheus the Free (1820)
Adonis (adonis, 182 1)
A broken lamp (line, 1822)
drama
Qianqi (Cenci, 18 19, tragedy in five acts)
The tyrannical Oedipus Trenos (1820, poetic drama)
Greece (Greece, 182 1, lyric drama)
The inevitability of atheism in essay (18 1 1)
Refuting Deism (18 14)
Proposal on putting the reform into a referendum (18 17)
The Defense of Poetry (182 1)
translate
Plato's "Drinking"
Homer's Venus Zan, etc.
Dante's "Hell" Part
Goethe's Faust part
Attach a poem.
Withered violets on withered violets
The smell of the flower disappeared, and so did the fragrance of this flower.
Blow on me like your kiss; Just like the breath of your kiss to me;
The color of the flower has faded, the color of this flower has faded,
Shining your light, only you! As clever as you used to be, only you!
A shriveled, lifeless and empty body, a shrinking, dead and empty body,
It lies on my abandoned chest, on my abandoned chest,
Laugh at the warm heart and rest with it cold and silent.
Rest with cold and silence. Laugh at my still burning heart.
I cry-my tears can't wake it up; I cry, tears can't wake it up;
I sigh-it doesn't breathe to me anymore; I sigh, its breath will never;
Its fate of silence without complaining, its fate of silence without complaining,
This is what I should do. I just deserve it.
[Edit this paragraph] ode to the west wind
1
Wild autumn wind, you autumn elf!
Didn't see you, the dead leaves have been swept away,
Like a bunch of ghosts who run away without seeing the mage-
They are either brown and black, or pale and flush.
This is indeed a large area suffering from plague; You ah,
You send flying seeds to winter,
Let them sleep in the dark underground,
Like a corpse lying in its own grave,
Until your blue spring sister.
Blow the horn of fantasy,
Let the flock of buds suck the atmosphere,
Let Shan Ye be full of color and fragrance.
Wild soul, you wander around,
It is both destructive and protective. Oh, listen!
2
You, the chaotic cloud is the messenger of rain and lightning.
It is on the rapids that you shake the sky.
Lightning is washed away like dead leaves on a tree,
It also plummeted from the intricate branches of the sky and the sea:
It's like a violent Dionysian priestess
Take her silver hair away from the dark horizon
Up into the sky, I saw similar hair.
In your surging blue sky,
Announce that a storm is coming. The old days are fading away,
You are its elegy, and the closed night.
It is a huge mausoleum connected with the sky.
Put all the water vapor you collect in a cage,
And black rain, electric fire and hail will also come from
Generation arrival in this thick cloud. Oh, listen!
three
You, next to Pumice Island in Baya Bay (2)
The Mediterranean quietly listens to the sound of blue waves,
Gradually advance its summer dream,
Sleeping only under the waves,
Trembling in ancient palaces and castles—
The walls are covered with youthful moss and wild flowers.
Just think about the fragrance and your heart will be intoxicated!
You woke it up again. To make way for you,
The flat Atlantic Ocean has deep trenches,
In its depths, those underwater flower trees,
A muddy jungle with branches, leaves and sap.
I can recognize your phone right away,
Suddenly began to wither with shock, (3)
Even the color becomes dark. Oh, listen!
four
If I were a dead leaf held up by you;
If I were a cloud, I would fly with you;
If the waves breathe under your power,
Share your powerful impulse, that freedom, oh!
Second only to the unruly you; If I still
In my childhood, I was still able to do this.
When you invite you to swim in the sky, your faithful partner-
Because at that time, it may not be as fast as you.
This is a dream; Then I wouldn't be so cruel,
There's no need to beg you like this. Please lift me up,
Oh, imagine me as a dead leaf, a cloud or a wave!
I, falling on the thorns of life, dripping with blood!
I, too much like you: stubborn, agile, arrogant,
But the burden of years has bound me and crushed me.
five
Let me be your harp like a forest,
Bona, my leaves have fallen like leaves in the forest!
These two beautiful and sad sounds of late autumn.
Your roaring symphony will cover it.
I wish I had your strong spirit!
I hope that you are me!
Please sweep my dead thoughts from the universe,
Just like you sweep the fallen leaves to promote new life!
The spell in my poem
Spread my words around the world,
Like a spark from an unlit stove!
May you blow loudly with my mouth.
Wake up the prophetic horn of the world! Wind,
If winter comes, can spring be far behind?
Translated by Huang Gao
This poem was conceived in a forest on the Arno River near Florence, and was basically written there. On that day, the wind suddenly blew, warm and refreshing, and collected all the water vapor that would pour into autumn rain. As I expected, at sunset, the storm began. At first, it was hail, accompanied by huge thunder and lightning peculiar to the southern Alps. —— Author's original note
In addition, this poem consists of five sonnets, but the stanzas and rhymes of these sonnets are influenced by an Italian poetic style called tercarima.
(2) Baya Bay was named after Baya City, a hot spring resort in ancient Rome, which is now Pozzoli Bay (located in the northwest of Naples Bay). Pumice is a volcanic rock, because Naples is a volcanic area.
(3) according to Shelley's original note, "this phenomenon is well known to naturalists. Like plants on land, the seasonal changes of plants under rivers and oceans have the same reaction, so the wind that announced this change also has an impact on it.
[Edit this paragraph] Famous sayings
Shallow water is noisy and deep water is silent.
Hunger and love rule the world.
If winter comes, can spring be far behind?
The past belongs to death, and the future belongs to oneself.
The more you read, the more empty you feel.
Smile is really a symbol of kindness, a source of happiness and a medium to get close to others. With laughter, human feelings communicate.
If a person has no real morality, he can't have real wisdom.
Kissing is when souls meet on the lips of lovers. ) Lips are the place where two lovers and two souls meet. )
Love is not a slave to time.
Love is like a light. If you shine on two people at the same time, the light will not weaken.
Hope makes people young, because hope and youth are brothers.
The most unfortunate people are trained as poets by suffering, and they teach others what they have learned from suffering through poetry.
Poets of all ages are making contributions to an ever-developing "great poem".
A great poem, like a fountain, always spouts water of wisdom and joy.
The more we learn, the poorer we feel.
Evil virtues-disharmony, war, suffering; Virtue-peace, happiness and harmony.
A great poem, like a fountain, always spouts water of wisdom and joy.
Smart people are people who carefully consider their own interests; A wise man is a man who carefully considers the interests of others.
If a person has no real morality, he can't have real wisdom. Being smart and being smart are two completely different things. Smart people are people who carefully consider their own interests; A wise man is a man who carefully considers the interests of others.
The biggest secret of morality is love; In other words, it is the beauty that transcends our own nature and dissolves in other people's thoughts, behaviors or personalities.
Let the horn of prophecy ring! Oh, west wind, if winter comes, can spring be far behind?
Defendant: hurryasker- Magic Apprentice Level 1 2009-6-30 18:37
/kloc-at the age of 0/7, mary shelley met the young poet percy shelley. Although Shelley had a wife at that time, the two went to France regardless of everyone's opposition, and the last three lived in Geneva. Two years later, Shelley's first wife committed suicide.
Two glasses of Mary.
Two Marys, or two Fannies, or two Harriets.
One Mary asked me to pick up this biography of Shelley, but what really related to Shelley was another Mary, Fanny and all Harriet.
Remember the complicated name mary wollstonecraft, not because she "defended women's rights", but because I came across her Nordic Letters in college. One sentence impressed me deeply: why can't I be as naive and credible as a child?
Because of this sentence, I always feel that Mary is actually very fragile. Later I learned that she was one of the earliest feminists, the mother of Mary godwin and the mother-in-law of the poet percy bysshe shelley. I've always wanted to see something about Wollstonecraft, but I've never had the courage to watch Defending Women's Rights. All I can find is a short and pithy essay by Mrs. Woolf. In Virginia's works, she is just Wollstonecraft (without Mary, she is as sloppy as a young man). Her expression is firm, bold and full of fantasy. Her eyes are beautiful and moving, staring at the handsome man without any cover ... She fell in love with American businessman imre and gave birth to a daughter for him, but refused to marry him. She named her daughter Fanny, her best girlfriend. Imre later married a new lover, and Mary traveled around Northern Europe alone with her daughter and nanny. The Nordic alphabet was written at that time. The later story is a bit ironic. Mary met godwin with a big head and a small head, and two people who didn't believe in marriage got married, which actually made them extremely happy. Unfortunately, the good times did not last long. Mary died in childbirth, and soon after, godwin married his neighbor's wife-they were said to have been flirting with Mary before she died.
When Shelley visited the Godwins in Skinner Street, it was at 18 12. At that time, Shelley was only 20 years old, a naive, enthusiastic and experienced young man. Like the aristocrats of that era, Shelley received a pure education, just like Byron read Hello and Cambridge. Shelley entered Eton and Oxford, and he was expelled from Oxford. He published several poems and fell in love twice. Both girls are called Harriet. The first Harriet was his cousin, fascinated by Shelley's atheism and godwin's "theory of political justice", but finally she married a rich landlord with no promise. The second Harriet is also his loyal listener and once became his loyal and reliable wife; She was 16 years old when she got married. She is a beautiful and obedient child. However, when Shelley gradually became a frequent visitor to idol godwin, his relationship with Harriet gradually drifted away.
The husband sowed his passion and ideal in Ge's home like a seeder, and the neglected little wife naturally sought comfort from other men, while Mr. Ge's two daughters, Fanny, the illegitimate daughter of the first wife, and Jane brought by the second wife, who had nothing to do with him, gently reminded Shelley's wife of her worldly vanity without losing her lady status, which was extremely disproportionate to him. When Mary returned to London from Edinburgh, the delicate atmosphere of the Ge family was completely broken-Shelley didn't have to think about which was more suitable for her, gentle Fanny or warm Jane. Mary has all the charm of her mother and the quietness and composure that her mother doesn't have. Most importantly, Mary inherited Wollstonecraft's courage, determination and ruthlessness.
All great people will leave their homes, even if they run away in disgrace. Jane ran away with Shelley and Mary. She changed her name to Claire and found herself a lover comparable to Shelley Byron. That brief love gave Claire a daughter, and that elopement gave Shelley and Mary two bodies, if their dead son was not counted.
First Fanny. It takes courage to leave your life and love someone, just like Harriet in 16 and Mary in 17. However, it takes more courage to let people intrude into their lives defenseless. Fanny is indeed the most easily overlooked one in godwin's small living room. She is as helpless as her menstruation Fanny in life. After her two sisters made a scandal, no one would propose to her and no one would hire her. Her world didn't give her much choice, except the bottle of opium wine. All this is incredible. With Shelley's delicacy and sensitivity, I can't feel a woman's love and despair for him: sincerity and kindness are far from enough, but enthusiasm sometimes causes harm and pain to people. This woman, who has been entrusted with her life painfully, finally gets only a few short lines from the poet.
Then Harriet came, and she became a disgruntled woman-she spread rumors about Shelley and godwin everywhere, so it was easy for Mary to conclude that Harriet was a terrible woman. It never occurred to her that Harriet's situation was related to her, nor did she think that the coffee shop owner's daughter was born fragile-she was not Wollstonecraft's daughter. Percy thinks like her. When he learned that his wife threw herself into the river because she was pregnant, he repeatedly thought, "My wife is a prostitute!" " ""I did what I should do, but I can say that I have done my best ... can I sacrifice my life and reason for an unfaithful and mediocre woman? "They don't love each other anymore, that's why.
Mary is Shelley's remembered wife, and Harriet is Shelley's forgotten wife. Claire is Shelley's sister, struggling between two great poets, while Fanny is Shelley's forgotten sister.
Shelley is neither Byron nor Don Juan. He is poor most of the time, but he is never bored. He has an angelic face and childlike enthusiasm. When he died, all his friends said that he was a selfless and simple man. However, no one doubts what it takes to be an eternal child and keep childlike innocence and enthusiasm-children's happiness needs more efforts from people around them. No one doubts that children are naive, but they are also the most selfish and ruthless. They either make a mess of their own lives, or make a mess of others' lives-in the name of being lively and active, they will be children all their lives.
After Shelley died, the woman he loved and the woman who loved him chattered as usual. Mary rejected Shelley's good friend Trelawney on the grounds that she found the name mary shelley touching. Indeed, this name is better than Mary godwin.
Attachment 1: fanny godwin ode 18 17.
When we said goodbye, her voice
It's shaking, but I don't know.
The heart that makes this trembling sound
It's broken, so I don't know.
Her words. Oh, disaster-disaster,
The world is so vast for you!
(translated by Cha Liang Zheng)
Attachment 2: The last paragraph about Claire in Anne Mo Luoya's Biography of Shelley (Shanghai Literature and Art 198 1 Edition). Tan Lide and Zheng's German translation, to be honest, is not very good, but this passage is very interesting. What impressed me most was Shelley's complete biography.
/kloc-around 0/879 (note: Shelley died 55 years ago), a young man who collected information about Byron and Shelley came to Claire to recall the association between the two poets. As soon as he named the two poets, the old woman's wrinkled face immediately showed a girlish smile, which made her look very charming in her twenties.
"Well," she said, "I guess you're like everyone else. Do you think I love Byron? "
When he stared at her in surprise, she went on to say:
"Young friend, one day you will know more about a woman's heart. I used to be fascinated by Byron, but I didn't love him ... Maybe I would love him, but that's not the case. "
They were silent for a long time. Finally, the visitor asked hesitantly, "Madam, haven't you ever loved?"
She blushed and said nothing, staring at the ground.
"Where is Shelley?" He asked in a low voice, barely audible.
"I love him with all my heart." The old lady replied excitedly, she didn't even lift her eyelids.
Then, with charming coquetry, she patted his cheek.
Attachment 3: Byron's inscription on the tombstone of allegra, his illegitimate daughter with Claire: I will go to find her, but she can't come back to me.
This sentence is from 1 Samuel 12: 23, and the original text is "He".
Responder: Little Girl-Manager Level 5 in Bao Xiao 2009-6-30 18:4 1
18 13 Shelley published the first long poem Queen Mabu, criticizing the tyranny of feudal system and the exploitation of British capitalist system, advocating utopian socialism, and being persecuted by the British ruling class politically.
18 16 Shelley met Byron for the first time on the shores of Lake Geneva, Switzerland. They shared similar interests and became bosom friends.
18 18 Shelley was personally attacked in Britain and his family moved to Italy. Four years living in Italy was the most prosperous period of his creation, and he wrote many important works.