Original text
Farewell to a Friend (Li Bai, Tang Dynasty)
Green mountains stretch across Beiguo, and white water surrounds the east city.
This place is different, and I have traveled thousands of miles alone.
The thoughts of wandering in the floating clouds, the love of old friends in the setting sun.
I waved my hand and went away, the horse roared.
Notes
Guo: A kind of exterior wall built outside the city in ancient times.
White water: clear water.
1: Particles to strengthen the tone. The name is Zhuang.
Farewell: Farewell.
Peng: A kind of plant mentioned in ancient books. After it dries up, its roots break off and spin in the wind. It is also called "Flying Peng". The poet uses "Gu Peng" to refer to friends traveling far away.
Zheng: Journey far away.
The meaning of "Wandering in the Floating Clouds": Cao Pi's "Miscellaneous Poems": "There are floating clouds in the northwest, and the pavilions are like the hood of a car. It's a pity that we don't meet them at this time, and it's a good time to meet them with the drifting wind. The wind blows me southeast, and I will go to Wuhui." Later generations used it as a typical example, using the floating clouds to describe wanderers wandering in all directions. Floating clouds, floating clouds. Wanderer, a person traveling far away from home.
Hereby: Here, here.
Xiao Xiao: The sound of a horse moaning and neighing.
Banma: A stray horse, here refers to a horse that carries people away. Class means separation; parting means "spot".
Translation
Green mountains lie on the north side of the city wall, and sparkling water surrounds the east side of the city.
Here we say goodbye to each other. You are like a solitary tent fluttering in the wind, traveling thousands of miles away.
The floating clouds are as unpredictable as wanderers, and the setting sun slowly sets down the mountain, seeming to be nostalgic.
I waved goodbye frequently and left, and the horses neighed in farewell.
Appreciation
This is a deeply affectionate farewell poem. The author expresses the meaning of farewell through the depiction of the farewell environment and the rendering of the atmosphere.
The first couplet, "Green mountains stretch across Beiguo, and white water surrounds Dongcheng" explains the place of farewell. The poet has already sent his friend outside the city, but the two of them are still walking side by side, unwilling to separate. In the distance, I could see green mountains lying across the north of the outer city, and sparkling water flowing around the east of the city. In these two sentences, "green mountains" versus "white water" and "Beiguo" versus "Dongcheng", the first couplet is written as a beautiful couplet, which is unique; and "green" and "white" are alternated, and the colors are bright. The word "horizontal" outlines the quiet posture of the green mountains, and the word "rao" depicts the dynamics of the white water. The wording is accurate and expressive. The poem is written freely, depicting a beautiful and beautiful picture. There is no word "farewell", but the writing is clearly filled with the feeling of farewell.
The poet used the solitary pod to describe the wandering life of his friend, saying: Once we say goodbye here, the departed person will be like the lofty grass fluttering in the wind, thousands of miles away. From a semantic point of view, this couplet can be regarded as a flowing pair form, that is, the two couplets are semantically connected. But purely from a right perspective, it is not right, and it can even be said that it is not "right". It exactly embodies Li Bai's "natural and uncarved" poetic style, and is also in line with the ancients' view that form does not constrain content. The sentence in this couplet, "This place is a parting," has a sudden change in meaning, which breaks the poetic and picturesque meaning of the first couplet, and has a tragic and touching power. The ancients often used flying canopy, turning canopy, and fluttering canopy to describe wandering life, because they both have the same characteristics of surrendering to nature and letting other things tease them without being able to control themselves. Therefore, when thinking about the image of "Peng" in this sentence, it is very heavy and unbearable, which cannot be compared with the word "treasure". Wang Qi in the Collection of Taibai commented: "The floating clouds pass by without leaving a definite mark, so they are compared to wanderers; the setting sun holds the mountain in its arms and does not go away quickly, so it is compared to the feelings of old friends." These two lines of poems express the poet's deep affection for his friends. Careful, written smoothly and naturally, with sincere feelings.
"The wandering clouds convey the feelings of an old friend, and the setting sun expresses the feelings of an old friend." The neck couplet means that the floating clouds are as unpredictable as a wandering man, and the setting sun slowly sets down the mountain, seeming to be nostalgic.
The neck couplet is very neatly written, and the poet cleverly uses "floating clouds" and "setting sun" as comparisons to express his feelings. A streak of white clouds floats in the sky with the wind, symbolizing the friend's unpredictable whereabouts and wandering around; a red sunset slowly sets in the distance, as if he can't bear to leave the earth suddenly, which is a metaphor for the poet's reluctant farewell to his friend. Farewell against the background of beautiful mountains and rivers and the red sun shining in the west is particularly hard to say goodbye to. There are both scenery and emotions here, the scenes blend together and are exciting.
The middle two couplets are to the point and express the deep feeling of parting.
"Wave your hands and go away, the horses are hooting." The last couplet means, waving your hands and parting, the horse that your friend is riding on that will take him on a long journey is hooting, as if it can't bear to leave.
The two sentences at the end are more affectionate. Seeing you off thousands of miles away, we must say goodbye in the end. "Waving" refers to the action of separation, but what about the inner feeling? The poet did not say it directly, but only wrote the touching scene of "Xiao Xiao Ban Ma Ming". This sentence comes from "Xiao Xiao Ma Ming" in "The Book of Songs·Che Gong". Banma, a stray horse. The poet and his friends immediately waved goodbye and greeted each other frequently. The two horses seemed to understand their master's mood and did not want to leave their companions. They couldn't help but roar when they said goodbye, as if they were infinitely affectionate. If horses are like this, how can humans be embarrassed! Li Baihua used classical poems and the word "class" to create new meanings and highlight the affectionate feelings, which can be described as unique and original.
"Sending Friends" is one of Li Bai's famous poems. This farewell poem is novel and unique, unconventional. In the poem, the green mountains, clear flowing water, fiery red sunset, and white floating clouds contrast with each other, the colors are bright, and the scenery is full of emotions.
The class horse roars, and the image is fresh and lively. The beauty of nature and the beauty of human nature are intertwined, and the writing is vivid and vivid. The rhythm of the poem is bright, the feelings are sincere, sincere and open-minded and optimistic, without any lingering sadness. This is exactly the characteristic of Li Bai's farewell poem that critics deeply appreciated.