The planting time of Atractylodes macrocephala should be determined according to the local climate, soil and farming system. 12 from late February to early April of the following year. It is best to plant early. The plants planted early have roots first, then buds, developed roots, vigorous growth, strong cold and drought resistance and high yield. Those planted too late germinate first and then take root because of the rising temperature, with underdeveloped roots and low yield.
The planting method of Atractylodes macrocephala 1 includes seed selection, seedling raising, big leaf seed plant, dark green leaves, thick quality, flat and full buds, leaving 5-8 buds open and full in the middle stage, and removing other buds. After beginning of winter, the seeds were fully mature. Choose a sunny day, cut off the aboveground parts, tie them into bundles with stems, hang them in a rain-proof and ventilated place, dry them in the shade for 20-30 days, and then sun them for 2-3 days. Collect full seeds, put them in cloth bags and hang them in a cool and ventilated place.
From late March to early April, the row spacing is 15cm, and the sowing width is 8- 10cm. After sowing, cover the seeds with soil, and then cover them with grass or leaves to keep the soil moist. The amount of seeds used per mu is 4-5 kg.
When frost comes to early winter, the leaves of seedlings turn yellow. Choose a sunny day, dig up the roots (i.e. plant), cut off the fine roots of stems and tails, remove diseased plants and residual plants, spread them in a cool and ventilated place for 1-2 days, and store them after the planted epidermis turns white.
2. Choose a cool, dry and sun-proof indoor mud field for planting and storage, spread 5 cm thick fine sand with 20% water content, spread 8- 12 cm on it, and then spread a layer of fine sand, so as to pile it up to 30-40 cm high, then cover it with 4 cm sand or fine soil, cover it with cedar thorns to prevent rats, and build low walls around it, with the centers of planting piles spaced 40-. During storage, check every 15-30 days/time, turn up and down, remove diseased plants in time ... Choose dry land with abundant sunshine, cool, good drainage, loose soil and moderate fertility or land that has been fallow for more than 5 years, apply 5000 kg of ring fertilizer and 25 kg of bone meal, turn over 20 cm deeply, freeze and weather, and level it before sowing.
Fertilization method of Atractylodes macrocephala is a kind of medicinal crop with tuber as the main part, which needs a lot of fertilizer and a comprehensive and balanced nutrition supply. In order to increase yield and ensure quality, we should apply enough fertilizer. Applying 5000 kg of ring fertilizer as base fertilizer, 100 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer with a total content of more than 45%, 1 kg of trace fertilizers such as boron, zinc, molybdenum, manganese, iron and copper, and 2 kg of bioactive bacterial fertilizer can obviously improve common underground diseases such as root rot and increase yield. Fertilizers are evenly mixed and spread in the field, ploughing and soil preparation, and nutrient absorption is fast.
1. Basic fertilizer application: When planting Atractylodes macrocephala, urea 10kg, 25kg of calcium superphosphate and 7.5kg of potassium chloride (or 30kg of plant ash) are mixed and stirred evenly. After being white, open shallow ditches on both sides of the operation to cover the soil, or apply 40 ~ 50 kg of domestic ternary compound fertilizer as base fertilizer per mu. The method is the same as before. After that, spread organic fertilizer such as pigsty and cowshed 1000 ~ 1500 kg, which requires uniform application to protect soil moisture and prevent freezing. If there is no such chemical fertilizer and compound fertilizer, it is best to mix fire and water ash 1000kg of human and animal manure, 50kg of oil cake and 40kg of calcium superphosphate (after composting), and then cover the soil flush with the border.
2. Rational topdressing: What is the fertilization principle of Atractylodes macrocephala? Apply base fertilizer, suitable seedling fertilizer, heavy bud fertilizer and clever late fertilizer? . Generally, seedling fertilizer is divided into two times, once when the seedlings grow completely in the middle and early April, and once when the seedlings grow vigorously in late May and early June. Bud fertilizer has a great influence on the product, so it must be applied again, especially nitrogen fertilizer. Generally, 5 ~ 7.5 kg urea is applied per mu one week before bud picking. After bud picking, apply urea 17.5 ~ 22.5 kg per mu. The bud picking time is in early and middle July. At the end of August and the beginning of September, according to the seedling situation, nitrogen fertilizer is supplemented, generally about 5 kilograms of urea is applied per mu, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate is sprayed once every 15 days.
3. The tuber swelling period of Atractylodes macrocephala is from August to 65438+ 10, during which sufficient nutrients need to be supplied. Therefore, it is necessary to combine weeding after removing flower buds and apply tuber swelling fertilizer again. Generally, 5 kilograms of urea is used per mu. Add calcium superphosphate 10kg, add 20 loads of water, or irrigate with 20 ~ 30 loads of diluted human excrement, but don't fertilize again within 50 days before harvest. For Atractylodes macrocephala with obvious yellowing, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be used for root tracing.
Efficacy and Function of Atractylodes macrocephala The main functions of Atractylodes macrocephala include sedation, vasodilation, anticoagulation, anti-gastric ulcer, liver protection, cholagogic, diuretic, physical fitness, immunity improvement, antioxidation and antibacterial.
Atractylodes macrocephala strengthens the spleen and is good at eliminating dampness, which is beneficial to many purposes. Atractylodes macrocephala is sweet, bitter, warm and nontoxic. Can be used for treating diarrhea due to spleen deficiency and phlegm-dampness.
1, sedative effect: the volatile oil of Atractylodes macrocephala has sedative effect.
2. Vasodilation: Atractylodes macrocephala has the effect of dilating blood vessels and inhibiting the heart.
3. Anticoagulation: Rats taking decoction every day can obviously prolong coagulation time. Significantly reduce blood sugar.
4. Anti-gastric ulcer: Atractylodes macrocephala can inhibit the secretion of gastric juice in rats with pyloric ligation and prevent gastric mucosal injury.
5. Protecting liver and benefiting gallbladder: Atractylodes macrocephala can inhibit the increase of serum AST, ALT and LDH in mice caused by carbon tetrachloride.
6, diuretic effect: Atractylodes macrocephala can promote the discharge of electrolytes, probably because it inhibits renal tubular reabsorption.
7. Strong effect: It can improve the weight gain, muscle strength and swimming endurance of mice.
8, improve immunity: Atractylodes macrocephala can increase the phagocytosis of reticuloendothelial system, improve lymphocytes and immunoglobulin.
9. Antioxidant effect: Atractylodes macrocephala can reduce lipid peroxidation and enhance the body's ability to scavenge free radicals.
10, antibacterial effect: Atractylodes macrocephala has inhibitory effect on Trichophyton floccosum, Trichophyton stellatum and meningococcus.