Reduplicated words are commonly used in ancient poetry, but only the poetess Li Qingzhao's "Sound Slow" has fourteen reduplicated words, which are sonorous and brilliant, and have won eternal praise. Li Ci wrote: "Looking for it is cold and clear, and it is sad. It's the hardest to stop breathing when it's warm and cold. Three glasses and two glasses of wine, how can you go against him? Guo Yan is very sad, but this is an old acquaintance. Yellow flowers were piled all over the floor, withered and damaged. Who can pick them now? Looking out the window, how can you be black alone! Indus is drizzling, and at dusk, it is falling. This time, what a sad sentence? "
Luo Dajing's "He Lin Yulu" said: "From the beginning, being with a woman is very creative, which is great! Zhang's Collection of Boudoir says, "Slow Sound, Yi Anqiu's poem, is a sword dancer. There were no incompetent people in this dynasty, and they never overlapped. " Mao Yuan's Ci De said: "Fourteen characters are used together, followed by four words. The scene is absolutely beautiful. It's really a swan song. "Wu Cheng'en's" New Collection of Flowers "said:" The word "Yi 'an" began in fourteen stacks, beyond the pen and ink. It is very special and rare among scholars. " "Shen Qian Miscellaneous Words" said: "When I was young, I wrote 300 poems of the Tang and Song Dynasties, but I was afraid to' find' one for fear that women would laugh. "In a word, poets of past dynasties have been paying tribute to the wonderful overlapping words in Slow Sound. However, all these praises are superficial and fail to explore their essence; And most of them are vague and vague, without delving into its specific content.
So, what are the beauty of the 14-character reduplicated Slow Voice? I thought-
The first beauty is affection, nine songs of ileum. Lyrics are lyrical, no feelings are bad, and deep feelings are excellent. The theme of The Sound Slow is to express the poetess's deep sorrow over the demise of the Northern Song Dynasty, the fall of her hometown, the death of her husband and her wandering alone. Fourteen overlapping words set the tone of the whole poem at the beginning. "Seeking" is not only about writing actions, but also about writing mentality. When she got up in the morning, she felt helpless and lost, so she couldn't help looking around. This is an unconscious action under the subconscious control, and she doesn't seem to understand what she is looking for. It may be the prosperity of Beijing in a peaceful environment, or the sweet and happy love life between husband and wife; It may be that a large number of precious stone paintings and calligraphy collected by husband and wife were burned and robbed in the war ... In short, a war, a catastrophe, and the country's own beautiful things have passed, and she was overwhelmed by heavy sadness; However, she still can't forget it, and it is still deeply imprinted in her heart, and she still wants to get it back. What are the results of the search? "Cold and clear" is the poet's feeling about the external environment, such as the country, home and the scenery in front of him. Everything in reality is "cold and clear". "Sadness" adds another layer, focusing on describing the poet's state of mind; The loneliness, desolation, indifference, sadness and wandering life experience brought about by the decline of the country are all presented in the atmosphere caused by these six words. In a word, this word begins with fourteen overlapping words, neither writing sadness nor tears; But it contains endless ups and downs of social life, which makes people unwilling to read it.
Secondly, the fourteen overlapping words use the method of stippling in the emotional process to "search" together, and then re-render the environment and artistic conception with "cold and clear, sad and sad", and promote it layer by layer, while the rich emotional content is hidden, showing the unique charm of implicit beauty and setting off a rich sad atmosphere. At the same time, in the use of language, every word is extracted from oral life, without the slightest affectation and posturing, and there is a natural beauty of "clear water produces hibiscus, naturally carved". Finally, in terms of phonological arrangement, according to the traditional phonological analysis, among the 14 overlapping word, except for "seeking", the initials of the other 12 words are all dental sounds; Except for "miserable", the vowels of the other words 12 are homophones, which makes people feel a faint groan, which is closely consistent with the deep sadness and pain of women. From this point of view, fourteen overlapping words have reached the highest level in emotional content and language form, and can indeed be used as a method for poets to overlap words.
Ge, a contemporary of Li Qingzhao, a young poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, also wrote a poem "Bufu": "The water is red and the pulse is flourishing. The west wind is faint with smoke, and the rain is sparse. A glass of wine is very attractive to you. The leaves are as red as a wine boat, and the clouds are flowing. " Wang Yiqing's Poems of Past Dynasties quoted Cao Chuang's comments on Ci, saying, "Ge's divination operator is as seamless as Li Qingzhao's slow voice." In fact, Ge Ci can't be "eternal" with Li Ci at all-the main reason is that Ge Ci is a game between feasts, and although overlapping words are also used "skillfully and seamlessly", they are all superficial articles, with overlapping words and no really touching content. Besides, this quantum superposition method has also been used in previous poems, such as the Book of Songs? Feng Wang? Mi Li and Nineteen Ancient Poems? "Qinghe Grass" has appeared in large numbers, and it is better to use than Geci. Therefore, the use of reduplicated words in Ge's "Bu Operator" seems too like painting a gourd to be creative.
Qiao Ji, a prose writer in the Yuan Dynasty, once wrote a song called Tianjingsha, which was full of overlapping words: "Yingying Yan Yanchun, Hua Liu Liu Pearl Krabs, everything is charming and delicate, and everyone stops." There is no such overlap.
True feelings can be said, it is purely a word game.
Shuangqing, a poetess in the Qing Dynasty, wrote a reduplication: "Wei Yun is inch by inch, and there is still a glimmer of light. It is hard to disappear if it is bright or not." It broke my soul. It's shaking. Looking at the mountains and rivers, people come and go, vaguely far away. From now on, the sour will be clear, just like tonight. I shouldn't ask the truth, but it's boring to look at it clearly. See who is more, who is suffering? Who wants to steal powder happily to write a description? Who cares? Live forever and face the court every night. "It is said that Shuangqing is a peerless wizard and married a farmer. Her mother-in-law was fierce, her husband was tyrannical, and the poet died of hard work and abuse. The whole word is extremely written about the loneliness and sadness of the female host, and every word is bloody and tearful, and it is completely bloody and tearful. There are 95 words in total, with 58 overlapping words, including noun overlapping, verb overlapping, adjective overlapping and pronoun overlapping. The overlapping mode is flexible and changeable, and there is no feeling of piling up. This is indeed a brand-new creation, an unprecedented creation. After careful exploration, although this word is very accurate in the use of reduplicated words, it even exceeds Li Qingzhao's "Sound Slow" in the number and flexibility of reduplicated words. But on the whole, it is not as concise and implicit as the fourteen overlapping words of Li Ci, and the emotional content contained is not as rich and profound as Li Ci.
Judging from the above overlapping words, although the use of overlapping words should pay attention to skills, it is not a simple technical problem. The key lies in the truth and depth of the thoughts and feelings expressed. If hypocrisy is shallow, no matter how hard you try, you can only write a failed work; On the other hand, if the true feelings are deep, it is only an essay that follows the heart, which is naturally ingenious and makes the best use of it. Li Qingzhao's "Sound Slow" begins with fourteen overlapping words.
Therefore, to become an eternal swan song, the successful experience mainly lies in truly and profoundly expressing the delicate and rich inner melody of the poetess!