brief introduction
Rainstorm in Youmeitang is a seven-character poem written by Su Shi in Song Dynasty. This poem vividly shows the spectacular scene of heavy rain from far and near, coming down across the river and whistling by. The first couplet wrote down the atmosphere before the rain very distinctively. When thick clouds piled up at low altitude, there was a thunder in the clouds, which indicated shanghai dawn. Three couplets are imagination, and four are personal experience. The second sentence of the neck couplet describes the rainstorm. The west lake is compared to a small golden jar, and the torrential rain is compared to the sound of a Jie drum. The couplet is about impressions and whimsy, which is related to Li Bai's story. Poetry is like a sketch artist improvising, copying the real scenes of nature and showing the magnificent scenery of nature.
original text
Youmeitang rainstorm ①
The tourists' feet thundered, and the dense clouds could not be separated.
In the distant horizon, the wind moves with the clouds, and the sea stands like a mountain. A rainstorm, which crossed the Qiantang River from eastern Zhejiang, hit Hangzhou.
It's very expensive, and it's a thousand sticks to beat the drums.
Stir up the falling fairy spring to sprinkle the surface ⑤, and pour down the shark room to sprinkle Qionggui ⑤.
To annotate ...
① Youmeitang: In the second year of Jiayou (1057), Mei Zhi went out to Hangzhou, and Emperor Renzong personally sent poems to bid farewell, including the sentence "The first state in the southeast has beautiful mountains and beautiful places". After Mei arrived in Hangzhou, she built a beautiful hall on the top of Wu Shan.
2 Stubborn clouds: thick clouds.
③ liàn yàn: the appearance of water waves. Convex: Higher.
(4) kēng: The sound of woodpeckers pecking at wood means playing drums. Jiegu: A kind of drum introduced by the Jie nationality.
⑤ Immortal: The immortal demoted to earth refers to Li Bai. He Zhangzhi once praised him as a fallen fairy. Tang Xuanzong wrote a new song and asked Li Bai to write lyrics. Bai got drunk, sprinkled water on his face to sober up, and immediately wrote many articles.
⑥ Shark Room: The place in the sea where Jiao Ren lived in myth, which refers to the sea. Qiong Gui: Jade.
translate
There was a thunder, like shaking from the soles of tourists' feet. There is a beautiful hall, and thick clouds linger and cannot be dispersed. On the horizon in the distance, the high wind carries dark clouds and blows the sea water upright like a mountain; A rainstorm crossed the Qiantang River from eastern Zhejiang and hit Hangzhou. The west lake is like a golden bottle, full of rain, almost overflowing; Raindrops hit lakes and mountains, as sharp as gama drums, making people laugh. I really want to wake up Li Bai, who is intoxicated, and wash his face with this flying spring full of mountains, so that he can see the wonders in front of him, such as Jiao Ren Palace, where pearls and jade are all over the world.
Creation background
Youmeitang, located at the highest place in Wu Shan, overlooks the Qianjiang River on the left and the West Lake on the right. Because Song Renzong presented Mei Shi with "the beauty of Wushan, the first state in southeast China", he took "You Mei" as the name of the hall. Ouyang Xiu once wrote "There is a beautiful hall", and people have also written poems and essays about this hall. The Rainstorm in Youmeitang was written by Su Shi in the early autumn of the sixth year of Xining in Song Shenzong (1073), and Su Shi was the judge of Hangzhou. Make an appreciative comment
This poem "Rainstorm in Youmeitang" is one of the representative works of Su Shi's impromptu poems. With its magnificent style and novel and wonderful language, the poem vividly depicts the sudden and urgent rain that the poet saw in the beautiful pond. Storm is one of the most amazing wonders in nature. Su Shi was open-minded and cheerful by nature, especially appreciated storms, and wrote many poems to describe and praise them. Because this poem was written in Youmeitang on the top of Wu Shan, its momentum is even more magnificent.
The beginning of this poem is abrupt. When the storm comes, the muffled thunder rises from the foot and the clouds never leave the table. It highlights the high terrain, so the rainstorm we saw was different from that seen on the flat ground, paving the way for the following. Then I found another way and drew a magnificent and unusual scene. The wind is invisible, but Su Shi painted it as black wind, replacing the feeling with vision, vividly showing the situation that when the rainstorm comes, the wind carries dust and dark clouds. "Blowing the sea" describes the strength of the wind. Song and Cai's tapestry poems in the Western Qing Dynasty thought that they were based on Du Fu's sentence that "the sky is low in nine days, and the water stands everywhere". Although not necessarily right, the momentum of the two is very close. Although the beautiful hall is very high, it is impossible to see the sea. "Blow the sea and stand at attention" is an empty word, and the next sentence says that the wind is gradually coming from the east with heavy rain, which is the true meaning. The rainstorm in summer is very small and comes quickly. This situation is completely covered by the word "flying rain over Jiang Lai". Although this poem is copied from Yin's poem "Happy Rain" in Tang Dynasty, it is timely and seamless. Commenting on the thirty-fourth volume of the Imperial Selection of Poetry and Wine in Tang and Song Dynasties, this couplet said: "It is not a good sentence to write about rainstorm ... and there must be an objection of' Dong Zhe', and the scene is the same." He also said that only the king of the Tang dynasty's "going upstairs and looking at the sea, the door is like the tide of Zhejiang" can drive this side.
Five or six sentences are devoted to heavy rain. Rain falls on the West Lake, and water vapor evaporates. The west lake is like a golden bottle full of water, almost overflowing; The rain is sharp and harsh, beating the world like a karma drum. These two sentences are from a height, full of momentum, sound-like, landscape freehand brushwork. Exaggerated, it is strange to compare the huge West Lake to a small golden jar and the rainstorm to the sound of a Jie drum. Turn the tail into perception. Such a magnificent rain scene shocked the poet, so he wanted to wake up the intoxicated Li Bai with this spring water flying all over the mountain, and let him see the wonders pouring into Jiao Ren Palace and pearls all over the sky. At the same time, it also means awakening Li Bai to write beautiful and outstanding poems like pearls and jade. These two meanings, seemingly unrelated, actually use the allusion of "rain urges poetry" that poets are used to. For example, Du Fu's "Accompany the nobles to Zhang Bagou and enjoy the cool rain in the evening" says: "When the clouds are dark, it should be the rain that urges poetry." Su Shi likes to use such beautiful sentences, such as "The rain is pouring down, but the poem still turns into water" (the second rhyme of Uncle Jiang Hui) and "Whispering to urge Shiyu" (especially Zhang Renshan Yuan).
Appreciation of famous sentences
"The black wind outside the sky blows the sea to stand in eastern Zhejiang and fly over Jiang Lai."
These two sentences are about the fury of wind and rain, and from another angle, they can also be regarded as the magnificence of mountains and rivers. From these two poems, we can also see Dongpo's bold spirit. This couplet is about the sudden and surging rainstorm. The last sentence uses the black wind in the sky to describe the sudden gust of wind, and the world changes color; "Blowing the sea" refers to the torrential rain, such as tidal surges. The three verbs "fly", "cross" and "come" in the next sentence are used together, which vividly shows the spectacular scene of heavy rain from far and near, coming across the river and roaring.
Wen Tao on a summer night.
Zhu Qing elite
Autumn is wide first, and listening to the waves at night.
In the against the tide, there is a proud shower, and dark clouds are raging and gloomy.
It's hard to decide one pillow and one shock, and it doesn't matter if it's complicated.
I was silent all my life, and suddenly I was drunk again.