Jiankang was the name of Nanjing during the Six Dynasties. It was the capital of the Sun Wu, Eastern Jin, Liu Song, Xiao Qi, Xiao Liang and Chen dynasties. It was the economic, cultural and political center of China during the Six Dynasties. , military center, and the first city in the world with a population of more than one million, and the largest city in the world at the time.
Jiankang City covers an area of ??40 miles from east to west, north to south, and has three layers of palace walls. It is surrounded by Qinhuai in the south, Houhu Lake in the north, Zhongshan Longpan, and Shichenghuju. The gardens are mainly distributed in the northeast of the capital, and there are palace walls in the north. Hualin Garden covers Zhoushan Youle Garden, and is dotted with palaces and gardens such as Hualin Garden and Tianyuanchi. There are Stone City and Xizhou City in the southwest, Dongfucheng and Danyang County City in the southeast. Government offices and temples are arranged on both sides of the five-mile imperial road from Xuanyang Gate to Zhuque Gate. Residential lanes are mainly distributed on both sides of the imperial road and along the Qinhuai River. There are Buddhist temples all over the place inside and outside, with more than 500 large and small temples.
Jiankang City is a model of the perfect combination of traditional Chinese ethics system and nature. It is an outstanding representative of ancient Chinese capitals and plays an important role in the development history of ancient Chinese capitals. It is the first precedent for the axially symmetrical layout of capital cities. Its plan is The layout and architectural form had a profound impact on later generations and profoundly affected East Asian countries. Taicheng, the imperial palace of the Six Dynasties, has majestic palaces and majestic pavilions. It was imitated by the capitals of the Northern Wei Dynasty and other countries in East Asia. It inherited the Qin and Han Dynasties and the Sui and Tang Dynasties, and profoundly influenced the form of capital construction in later generations.
The journey of clothing and clothing to the south enabled the Han people to preserve the Zhengshuo of Chinese culture in Nanjing, which has been passed down through the generations. The culture of the Southern Dynasties, represented by Jiankang, and ancient Rome in the West are known as the two centers of human classical civilization, and have had a profound impact on human history. Basic introduction Chinese name: Jiankang Foreign name: Jiankang Alias: Jianye, Jianye, Jinling and other administrative regions Category: Capital Region: Eastern Jin Dynasty, Southern Dynasties Areas under jurisdiction: Gongcheng, Stone City, Danyang County, Dongfucheng, Nanlangya County City, etc.*** Residency: Taicheng (where the Imperial Palace and Taiwan Province are located) Geographical location: Today's Nanjing City Area: Forty miles east, west, south and north (approximately 400 square kilometers) Population: 2.3 million Dialect: Jinling Yayin Climate conditions: Subtropical Famous scenic spots in the monsoon climate: Jiming Temple, Xuanwu Lake, Jiankang Palace, etc. History, culture, city, economy, population, palace, history In the 13th year of Jiankang and Jian'an, Zhuge Liang went to Jiangdong as an envoy and said to Sun Quan: "The terrain of Moling is like a dragon on Zhongshan Mountain. , the stone tiger is standing there, this is the imperial residence. "Sun Wu established the country and made it the capital. The city is more than ten miles away. It is adjacent to Zhongshan Mountain in the east, Qinhuai River in the south, Dajiang River in the west, and Hou Lake (Xuanwu Lake) in the north, and is within a natural barrier. During the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Southern Dynasties, the city was regarded as the capital, and two counties, Jiankang and Moling, were divided into two counties. The urban area was expanded to 40 miles from east to west, north to south, and south. The center is Miyagi (Taicheng). There are heavy troops stationed in Baishi Lei (Baixia), Xuanwu City, Nanlangye County City in the north, Shitou City in the west, Ye City and Xizhou City in the southwest, Dongfucheng in the southeast, and Danyang County City in the south. Because of its strategic location and strong defense, it became the political center of the Six Dynasties. In the Qin and Han Dynasties, Jiangnan had not yet been developed and living standards were backward. However, changes occurred at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Sun Quan established a capital in the south of the Yangtze River, named Jianye. From then on, the economy of the Jiangnan region developed rapidly. The food of one county can feed the people of several counties. Jiankang is extremely prosperous because it is located in the economic, cultural and political center. During its more than three hundred years as a capital, Jiankang City continued to develop, with prosperous commerce, talented people, and cultural relics, and became the political, economic, and cultural center of China. Wu's capital city was more than 20 miles in circumference, long from north to south and slightly shorter from east to west. It was located approximately in the north of present-day Nanjing. The palace city is located in the northern part of the city, with Taichu Palace built by Sun Quan in the west and Zhaoming Palace and Yuancheng built by Sun Hao in the east. In the second year of Jianyuan of the Southern Qi Dynasty (480), the capital was officially built and bricks were used for the walls. In the 10th year of Nanliang Tianjian (511), a third level palace city was built. A palace city with three levels of city was still rare in the history of urban development at that time. During the Southern Dynasties, Jiankang was still a smelting center. At this time, iron smelting technology improved and a mixed smelting method of raw and wrought iron was created. During the Eastern Jin Dynasty, due to the rapid development of the smelting and casting industry, urban pollution was caused, and the smelting factory located in Yecheng in the urban area was forced to be moved to a place 3.5 kilometers southeast of the county. The capitals of the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Southern Dynasties still used the old city of Wu, with nine additional gates. Qi Shi wrapped bricks in Tucheng. The palace city was newly built on the site of Wu Zhaoming Palace and Yuancheng Palace during the Xianhe period of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. It was called Jiankang Palace and also called Taicheng. According to records, the palace wall has three layers and an outer circumference of eight miles. On the south facade is the Da Sima Gate, which is directly opposite the Xuanyang Gate, the main gate of the capital. Between the two gates is a two-mile long imperial road. There are imperial ditches on both sides of the imperial road, and locust trees and willows are planted beside the ditch. There is an east-west cross street in front of Da Sima Gate, facing the east and west main gates of the capital. Gardens are mainly distributed in the northeastern suburbs of the capital. There is Hualin Garden in the north of the palace city, which was originally the old palace garden of Soochow and was expanded in the Song Dynasty. There is Leyou Garden in Fuzhoushan, and the Eastern Jin Medicine Garden was built in the Song Dynasty. Xuanwu Lake is in the north of the capital. During the Eastern Jin Dynasty, a long embankment was built to prevent floods, and water from the lake was diverted into Hualin Garden, Tianyuan Pond and ditches in the palace, and then a moat was built in the south of the city. There is no outer city in Jiankang, but there are Stone City and Xizhou City in the southwest, a white stone barrier built along the Yangtze River in the northern suburbs, Zhongshan Mountain in the northeast, Dongfucheng in the east, and fences and gates along the Qingxi River and Qinhuai River in the southeast. , becoming the outer line of defense. The main gate in the south of the capital is the Xuanyang Gate, and five miles further south is the Zhuque Gate. Outside the gate is the Zhuque Hang, a pontoon bridge across the Qinhuai River. There are official temples on both sides of the five-mile imperial road between Xuanyang Gate and Zhuque Gate. Residential lanes are also mainly distributed on both sides of the imperial road and along the Qinhuai River.
Changganli on the south bank of the Qinhuai River is the famous residential lane, and Wuyi Lane on the north bank is where the kings of the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Xie Ming clan have lived for many generations. The residences of princes and nobles are mostly located in the beautiful area near Qingxi in the east of the city. The rivers in the city connected to the Yangtze River through the Qinhuai River, and Yundu was diverted from the Qinhuai River directly to the palace city of Taicang to transport tribute. Water from Xuanwu Lake was diverted from the north to Qingxi and Yundu to the south to ensure water transportation and moat water. Jiankang City during the Six Dynasties was the first city in the world with a population of more than one million. The culture of the Southern Dynasties, represented by Jiankang, and ancient Rome in the West are known as the two major centers of human classical civilization, and have produced the most profound changes in human history. Extremely far-reaching impact. The scale of Jiankang City is extremely large, with Jiankang Palace (Jiankang Taicheng) as the center, no outer city, forty miles from east to west, and a large population. The emperors of the Six Dynasties all believed in Buddhism. There were more than 500 Buddhist temples in and around Jiankang City. The famous ones include Tongtai Temple (the predecessor of today's Jiming Temple), Waguan Temple, Kaishan Temple and the Grotto Temple in Sheshan Mountain in the northeast of the city. Jiankang was the largest city built during the reign of Emperor Wu of Nanliang, attracting businessmen from India and other countries to visit. The emperor of the Southern Dynasty also promoted Buddhism and built many magnificent temples in Jiankang City. There were more than 100,000 monks and nuns in Jiankang City. Jiankang was also protected by Stone City and the Yangtze River Moat, so it was extremely strong. In the later years of Emperor Wu of Liang, Hou Jing rebelled and starved Emperor Wu of Liang to death in Taicheng. He also devastated the lives of the prosperous Jiangnan and almost destroyed Jiankang. Emperor Chen Wu put down Hou Jing's rebellion and began to build the city of Jiankang in a planned way. By the time of Empress Chen During the Zhu Dynasty, the prosperity of Jiankang City was even worse than that of Nanliang City, and it was more magnificent and prosperous. In the first month of the third year of Zhenming, the empress of the Chen Dynasty, the Sui army defeated Jiankang and captured the empress of Chen. The Chen Dynasty was destroyed. Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty ordered that Jiankang City be razed to the ground (except for Stone City, which was turned into a county). The literature and talk, painting and calligraphy, tomb stone carving art, science and technology of the Six Dynasties period constitute the classics of traditional Chinese culture. The culture of the Southern Dynasties, represented by Jiankang, is also regarded as the Western ancient Roman culture of the same period. They are the two centers of human classical civilization. During the Sun Wu period, Buddhism had spread to Jianye. In the Southern Dynasty, there were more than 500 monasteries in Jiankang, with more than 100,000 monks and nuns. The temple buildings are magnificent, the murals are dazzling, the sculptures are exquisite and vivid, and Buddhist culture has developed rapidly here. Jiankang is the center of Chinese Buddhism, with many Buddhist temples and Buddhist monks. The sound of bells and chimes is endless. "Southern History: Deep Biography of Guo Zu" records that "there are more than 500 Buddhist temples in Duxia, which are extremely magnificent. There are more than 100,000 monks and nuns, and the assets are abundant." Du Mu of the Tang Dynasty wrote a poem: "There are four hundred and eighty temples in the Southern Dynasties, and there are many towers in the mist and rain." During the Eastern Jin Dynasty, high-ranking officials and nobles gathered here to discuss mysteries and Taoism. Xiao Ziliang, King of Jingling in the Southern Qi Dynasty, opened the "West Residence" in Jilong Mountain, where he gathered celebrities and eminent monks to discuss cultural similarities and differences. Zhong Rong's "Poems", Xiao Tong's "Selected Works", Shen Yue's "Four Tones" (lost), Liu Xie's "Wen Xin Diao Long", Fan Zhen's "Theory of the Destruction of Gods", Liu Yiqing's "New Shishuo" Famous works such as "Yu", Fan Ye's "Book of the Later Han Dynasty", Fei Songzhi's "Notes on the Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms", and Xiao Zixian's "Book of the Southern Qi" were all completed here. There were also many poets in Jiankang City in the Six Dynasties, the most famous of which was the emperor of the Chen Dynasty - Chen Houzhu. His Yushu *** flowers were called the sound of national subjugation by later generations. Jiankang's cultural undertakings flourished, and the city had four schools of Confucianism, metaphysics, literature, and history to cultivate talents. Several famous literary and historical works from the Southern Dynasties were all written in Jiankang. In the first year of Taishi of the Song Dynasty (465), my country's first scientific research institution, Zongmingguan, was established in the present Tiangong Palace. Cultural celebrities such as Zu Chongzhi, Ge Hong, Fan Zhen, Wang Xizhi, Gu Kaizhi, and Faxian appeared. There are 33 stone carvings in front of tombs of the Six Dynasties distributed in and around Nanjing. Most of them are stone animals and have unique styles. They not only reflect the vivid and elegant style, but also reveal the prosperous and decadent atmosphere of the Six Dynasties. City: The Eastern Jin Dynasty established its capital in Jianye and renamed it Jiankang, and carried out large-scale reconstruction and expansion of the city. Move the palace to the east, facing the Imperial Street of Wu Dynasty in the south, and extend the Imperial Street to the south, across the Suzaku Floating Bridge on the Qinhuai River, to the southern suburbs of the Sacrifice to Heaven in the south, forming the north-south axis of the city facing the main entrance and main hall of the palace. . Official offices were built on the left and right sides of the Imperial Street, and the Taimiao Temple and Taishe Temple were built on the left and right sides of the Qinhuai River at the southern end. After this reconstruction, Jiankang City formed a layout with palaces in the north, north and south main streets in front of the palace, official offices on the left and right, and residences on the outside. The city gates were also increased to twelve. Jiankang City Jiankang had a large population that moved south, and the local gentry had to open up a new residential area in the east of the city along the outside of Qingxi River. Jiankang has the convenience of shipping on the Yangtze River and various water networks. Boats can reach Jiankang cities from the east and west via the Qinhuai River, and some settlements appeared along the river and water networks. In order to protect Jiankang, several small towns and military fortresses were built around it; in order to accommodate the settlers who migrated south, some counties were built to send overseas Chinese. In 420 AD, Liu Yu replaced the Eastern Jin Dynasty and established the Song Dynasty, which was known as the Liu Song Dynasty in history. From then on entering the Southern Dynasties, the Qi and Liang Dynasties prospered, and the economy became more prosperous. These urban settlements surrounding Jiankang, such as Stone City, Dongfucheng, Xizhou City, Yecheng, Yuecheng, Baixiacheng, Xinlin, Danyang County, Nanlangya County, etc., have also developed residential areas and villages around them. business district and gradually become one. According to historical records, during the heyday of the Liang Dynasty, Jiankang had developed into a large city with a thriving population. It started from Stone City in the west, ended at Nitang in the east, passed Zijin Mountain in the north, and ended at Yuhuatai in the south. It covered a huge area of ??40 miles from east to west and south to north. About two million. Jiankang did not build any outer walls, so it only used fences as the outside world. There were fifty-six fence gates, which shows its vast territory. It was the largest and most prosperous city in China at that time. In the third year of the Zhenming Dynasty in the Chen Dynasty, Sui soldiers invaded Jiankang, the capital of the Chen Dynasty, and captured the empress of Chen. The Chen Dynasty was declared destroyed.
Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty was afraid that someone would occupy and proclaim himself emperor, so he razed all the palaces and gardens in Jiankang City to the ground and moved all the population northward. Jiankang, the prosperous ancient capital of the Six Dynasties, was turned into farmland. Economic "Sui Shu·Geography" says: "(Jiankang) the villain leads many traders, the gentleman is rich in official salary, the market is listed, and the city (equal) is in the two capitals (Chang'an, Luoyang)." The upper reaches of the Qinhuai River The mountain is located in Dai, and there is Pogangdu, which is connected to the Jiangnan Canal in the east and connects to Wuhui. Handicraft workshops and commercial shops are dotted on both sides of the Qinhuai River. Famous handicraft products include "Bai Lian Steel" and "Ribbed Brocade". Commercial shops include "big markets" with a full range of department stores, as well as specialized small markets for yarn, grain, salt, flowers, grass, cattle and horses. Tens of thousands of Chinese and foreign merchant ships often berth at the wharf. The handicraft industry and commerce were very developed, with sufficient supplies and convenient transportation. Jiankang became the economic center of the Six Dynasties. The Southern Dynasties were prosperous and prosperous. There are "more than a hundred major markets" with many markets and specialized divisions of labor. Some commodities have specialized markets. The commodities include grain, silk, celadon and paper from the Sanwu area, copper and iron ore from the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, spices and treasures from overseas, etc. Population When it was prosperous, Jiankang had a population of 280,000 households. It was the first city in the world with a population of more than one million, reaching more than two million. This was something no city in ancient China had achieved. During the Hou Jing Rebellion at the end of Liang Dynasty, the city was destroyed and the population dispersed in large numbers, which began to lead to depression. During the Chen Dynasty, Emperor Chen began to build Jiankang City in a planned way. The prosperity of the Jiankang City built was even greater than that of the previous three dynasties. Nothing less. Palace Jiankang is now Nanjing City, located in today's Nanjing urban area. The Jiankang City of the Six Dynasties was located in the area south of today's Xuanwu Lake and was built by Sun Wu. Sun Quan moved the capital from Wuchang (today's Ezhou) to Moling and changed its name to Jianye, which means making meritorious deeds. Zhuge Liang sent Wu to Jianye and said that "Zhongshan is a place with dragons and stones and tigers perched on it. This is the residence of the emperor." This proves that the dangerous mountains and rivers in Jianye were the main reason why Sun Wu moved the capital. "The capital city of Jianye was ten miles and nineteen steps on Tuesday", and the residence of Sun Ce was changed to Taichu Palace, "since the Taichu Palace of Jianye in Wuchang City was located", it is located in the west-central area of ????the central part of the city. A canal was dug in the southwest of the city to lead the Qinhuai River to the north to Cangcheng. Cangcheng was located on the north side of the Xihua Gate of Jiankang Palace in the Eastern Jin and Southern Dynasties. Stone City Taichu Palace has a circumference of 500 feet. The main hall is called Shenlong. There are five doors on the south side and the bus door is in the middle. There are three gates in the east and west, one gate in the north, and 12 gates in the east and west. Sun Hao built the Zhaoming Palace, which was 100 feet long, with the Chiwu Palace as the main hall. It was located to the east of the Taichu Palace, that is, in the central area of ??Dacheng. During the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Su Jun's rebellion caused "all the palaces to be burned down" and the new palace was rebuilt and "called Jiankang Palace". This is the imperial palace of the Eastern Jin and Southern Dynasties, located in the north-central area of ??Jiankang City. There are five gates in the palace. The Sima Gate is in the middle of the south, facing the Xuanyang Gate of the great city. Between the two gates is the Royal Road, which is the central axis of the city. Jiankang Palace was named Yuancheng, also known as Taicheng. When Kyoto was in trouble, Taicheng was used as a solid foundation. There is Hualin Garden in Taicheng, located in the north, with picturesque scenery. Since Jianye City in Sun Wu Dynasty and Jiankang City in Eastern Jin Dynasty both relied on the river for solidity, no solid city walls or gates were built until the Southern Qi Dynasty. "In May of the second year of Jianyuan (480), six capital walls were erected." From then on, Jiankang City was impregnable. Before the city was built here, most of the city gates were bamboo fence gates, which lacked defensive capabilities. "The six gates outside the Song Dynasty were built with bamboo fences. In that year, someone with a white tiger bottle said at the beginning: 'The white gate has three gates, and the bamboo fence can't be penetrated'. In response to his words, the capital wall was built instead." The six gates refer to Jiankang. There are six gates in the city, three gates in the south, Lingyang Gate in the west, which was later renamed Guangyang Gate, and is known as Shangfang Gate in the world. The Xuanyang Gate in the middle was originally opened by the Wu Dynasty. It was called the White Gate in the world and became the Xuanyang Gate in the Jin Dynasty. There are three doors, with a hanging lintel on the upper part and a carved wooden image of a dragon and a tiger facing each other. Opposite Zhuque Gate in the south, more than five miles away, it is called Yudao. This royal road is actually an extension of the central axis of the city. It is lined with locust willows on both sides, which is very spectacular. To the east is Kaiyang Gate. There are two gates in the east, Qingming Gate in the south, and three gates. The east gate leads to Qingxi Port Bridge. To the north (due east) is Jianchun Gate, which was later changed to Jianyang Gate, with three gates. There is one gate to the west, Ximing Gate to the southwest, three gates, and Jianchun Gate to the east. Between the two gates is the cross street in front of the Grand Sima Gate of the Palace City. To the north is the palace city, with no other way. The garden city is the garden after Wu, also known as Jianping Garden. "The capital city is ten miles and nineteen steps on the second day. It was built on the old site of Benwu and on the left side of Jinjiang River, but there is Xuanyang Gate." From the records in "Geographical Records", we can know that the city is square with a side length of more than 5 miles, that is, a side length of 2.077 thousand meters, covering an area of ??4.31 square kilometers, and the scope is relatively small. Since there are north-south trunk roads and east-west trunk roads in the south of Miyagi City, the whole city can be divided into east-west parts and north-south parts, with a neat layout. The main government agencies are located on both sides of the south imperial road of Miyagi City. They are known as "the mansions and temples belong to each other", "the camps are closely guarded, and the bureaus are laid out". Outside Jiankang City, there are many small cities, of which Dongfucheng and Xizhou City are the most famous. Dongfucheng is located in the southeast of Dacheng. Emperor Wu of the Song Dynasty first took charge of Yangzhou and built Dongfucheng. Yikang, King of Pengcheng in Yuanjiazhong, developed it and it was often used as the prime minister's residence from then on. Xizhou City is located in the southwest of the big city and is the seat of Yangzhou governor. In addition, there are Danyang City (southwest of Dacheng), Baixia City (north of Dacheng), Jiangcheng City (northeast of Dacheng), etc., which proves that the scope of Jiankang City is relatively small, and many important institutions are separate cities outside the city. Of course, it also has the significance of strengthening defense and supporting each other during wartime. However, this form is rare in the history of Chinese capital development. At the same time, it also shows that Jiankang City continues to develop towards the suburbs, breaking through the restrictions of the city wall. In fact, as early as the time of Sun Wu, "most of the Ding clan in the capital were located on the left side of Qingxi and north of Chaogou." Qingxi was the East Canal and connected to Chaogou in the north moat of the city. In other words, during the Sun Wu period, many famous families lived outside the Chaogou in the north of the city and near the Qingxi River in the northeast of the city. Qingxi is in the north of the city, "discharging the water from Xuanwu Lake and entering Qinhuai in the south."
In addition, the Qinhuai River area in the south of the city is also a densely populated area. "Hengtang (Qinhuai River embankment), Chaxia (name of lane, west of Hengtang), Yiwulongkua; Changqian (name of li, the flat land between the hills on the bank of Qinhuai River is called Qian), Yanshu, flying beasts and beasts plow each other He lived in a high-ranking family, a noble man, a descendant of Yu (Wenxiu) Wei (Zhou), and Gu (Yong) Lu (Xun). "It is also a famous family, which proves that he has power since Sun Wu. Most people live in areas with developed waterway transportation and prosperous economy. This is also an important feature of Jiankang City in the Six Dynasties, that is, the city is small and the urban area is large, and the nobles mostly live outside the city. Dongfu City in the southeast of the city was the private residence of Emperor Jianwen of the Eastern Jin Dynasty and Prince Daozi of Kuaiji. It was only in the Southern Dynasties that it became the location of the prime minister's office. There are two cities in Jianye City of Sun Wu, namely the big market in front of Jianchu Temple and the east market. The middle road of Jurong (now Jurong, Jiangsu) was dug to the west city of Yunyang (now Danyang, Jiangsu), and the pogangdu connecting Wu and Hui became the main water transportation line in the southeast of Jianye, connecting the Yangtze River and Qinhuai River. Shangxia 14dai, "Tonghui City, Zuodige", is also the main commercial area. The market is prosperous, "when the market is open, the market is filled with people, and the market is overflowing", "the bridle of carriages is lighted to pass through the tunnel, and the high-rise ship is sailing through the building", "taking advantage of the time to make profits, the wealth is huge", there are many goods, There was a huge flow of people and a prosperous scene. In the Eastern Jin and Southern Dynasties, it was called Jiankang City. Liu Yu defeated the Later Qin Dynasty and "returned Yao Hong to the capital and killed him in Jiankang City". It is unknown which city the Jiankang City mentioned here refers to. It is said that there are four cities in the city. In the time of Sun Wu, he crossed the Huaihe River (Qinhuai River) from the Zhuque Gate at the southern end of the Imperial Road, which was "named Dahangmen". The Zhuque Bridge was "also known as Dahang Bridge", and it was an area with prosperous commerce. During the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the "new Zhuque Floating Trunk", which was a floating bridge made of boats, proved that this place was still an important transportation thoroughfare and commerce was still prosperous. In the Liang Dynasty of the Southern Dynasty, Jiankang City reached its peak, with an urban area of ??40 miles from east to west, north to south. "At the time of Liangdu, there were more than 280,000 households in the city, stretching from Stone City to the west, Ni Tang (north of Fangshan Mountain) to the east, Shizigang to the south, and Jiangshan (Zhongshan) to the north, with an area of ??40 miles from east to west and north to south." It developed into the largest city in the country. Its market area is mainly along the Qinhuai River. "There are many markets, located in the two capitals (Chang'an and Luoyang), with people from all over the world." "There are more than a hundred large markets and more than ten small markets in the north of the Huai River." The Jindu area is generally a market area. The Huai River, also known as the Qin Huai River, is an important waterway leading to the Yangtze River. It also runs through the urban area of ??Jiankang, naturally forming an important commercial market area. In Jiankang City during the Six Dynasties, the markets were dispersed and numerous, which proves that since the Eastern Jin Dynasty crossed south, the social economy of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River has achieved unprecedented development and has become an important economically prosperous area in China. General residential areas are also called li. How many li there are in Jiankang and how they are divided is unknown. In the third year of Liang Datong (537), Jiankang was divided into Tongxiali and Tongxia County was established, which proved that the area outside Jiankang City was very large and could be divided into a county. There were many Buddhist temples in Jiankang City in the Southern Dynasties. During the Liang Dynasty, "there were more than 500 Buddhist temples under the capital, which were extremely magnificent, with more than 100,000 monks and nuns, and rich assets." This became a major feature of Jiankang City. It is difficult to describe where these temples are located. The Tongtai Temple where Emperor Wu of Liang died, which is today's Jiming Temple in Nanjing, is located at the foot of Jilong Mountain, to the north of Jiankang Palace in the Southern Dynasties. In addition, Qixia Temple in Qixia Mountain, Waguan Temple and Daochang Temple in Hualugang in the south of the city are also famous. Faxian once translated scriptures at Daochang Temple. According to archaeological excavations, Taicheng, the palace of the Six Dynasties, is located on the north side of the southern stem of Jilong Mountain. Its scope is approximately between Zhujiang Road (south), Beijing Road (north), Zhongshan Road (west) and Chengxian Street (east). Its perimeter About 4 kilometers.