The surging river flows eastward, and those heroes of the past are gone forever. Old camp west, people say it's the war of the Three Kingdoms, Battle of Red Cliffs. The steep rock wall, like thunder waves lapping against the river bank, waves like rolling up thousands of snow. The majestic rivers and mountains are picturesque, and many heroes emerge at once.
Looking back on Zhou Yu's spring breeze era, young and beautiful Joe just married him, and he was full of heroic spirit. A white figure with a feather fan came face to face, and while talking and laughing, the enemy warships burned to ashes. I am wandering in the battlefield today. I feel a feeling heart and give birth to white hair prematurely. Life is like a dream, and a bottle returns to the moon.
Vernacular translation:
River of no return, wash out those romantic figures through the ages. To the west of the ancient battlefield, it is said that Zhou Yu of the Three Kingdoms broke Cao Jun's Red Cliff, surrounded by high rocks and mountains, and the cliffs on both sides were like clouds. The stormy waves are beating violently on the other side, and the rolled waves are like thousands of snow in winter. Jiangshan is so picturesque, how many heroes have emerged at one time.
Think back to the famous Yu. Xiao Qiao has just married him, and he is very dashing. With a feather fan in his hand and a black silk scarf on his head, he was laughing calmly and smartly, and 800,000 Cao Jun was like ashes. Now immersed in the ancient battlefield, wandering in the past. Ironically, I have so much nostalgia for the past that my temples are as white as old age. Life is like a hazy dream. A toast to the eternal moon.
Creative background:
This poem was written by Su Shi 1082 (Song Shenzong Yuanfeng five years) when he lived in Huangzhou. At that time, the author was 47 years old and was demoted to Huangzhou for more than two years because of Wutai poetry case. Su Shi was demoted for satirizing the new law in his poems and was condemned by Luo Zhi, a new bureaucrat. He has endless worries in his heart, so he travels around to relax. I happened to come to Chibi (Biji) outside Huangzhou City. The magnificent scenery here touched the author greatly, which made the author sigh that time flies while recalling Zhou Yu's infinite scenery during the Three Kingdoms period, so he wrote this word.
The last volume of Hu Zai's "Tiaoxi Fishing and Concealing Conghua" contains twenty-eight years of Dongpo language: "On the west foot of Huangzhou, the stone color is like Dan, saying that Cao Gong was defeated by the so-called Red Cliff. Or: No, Cao Gong was defeated and returned from Huarong Road. The muddy road makes the old and the weak pass first. He said: "Liu Bei's opinion is late, and Huarong Road is busy. If we set it on fire, I will feel completely inferior. "Today, Huarong Town is located on the other side of Chibi, which is several places. However, there is Huarong County in Yuezhou, but I don't know who it is. Li Weixiu came today, because he was carrying wine on the boat and drinking under the red cliff. Shan Li played the flute, drank too much, and played many tricks. The wind and water surged, the big fish came out, there were perches on the mountain, and it began. I miss Meng De and Gong Jin, just like yesterday! "
Niannujiao Chibi Nostalgia is a poem by Su Shi, a writer in the Song Dynasty, and one of the representative works of bold and unconstrained ci. Through the description of the magnificent scenery on the river in the moonlight night, the poem pays tribute to the ancient battlefield, cherishes the talent, tolerance and merits of romantic figures, expresses the author's grief and indignation in a tortuous way, and also shows the author's broad-minded concern for history and life. The whole poem is lyrical in ancient times, vigorous and desolate, magnificent, vigorous in brushwork and broad in realm. It integrates scenery writing, history chanting and lyric, giving people an artistic power that shocks the soul. It was once known as "the swan song of ancient and modern times".
Su Shi (1037 65438+10.8-124.8), whose real name is Zi Zhan, also known as He Zhong, is a Taoist priest of tin cans and a layman of Dongpo, and is known as Su Dongpo and Su Xian in the world. Han nationality, a native of Meishan, Meizhou (now Meishan, Sichuan) and Luancheng, Hebei, was a writer, calligrapher and painter in the Northern Song Dynasty.
In the second year of Jiayou (1057), Su Shi was a scholar. Song Shenzong worked in Fengxiang, Hangzhou, Mizhou, Xuzhou and Huzhou. In the third year of Yuanfeng (1080), he was demoted to be the permanent assistant ambassador of Huangzhou because of Wutai poetry case. After Song Zhezong acceded to the throne, he was known in Hangzhou, Yingzhou, Yangzhou, Dingzhou and other places. In his later years, he was exiled to Huizhou and Danzhou because of the ruling of the New Party. Song Huizong was granted amnesty and returned to the north, where he died. Song Gaozong posthumously awarded a surname, posthumous title "article".
Su Shi was a literary leader in the mid-Northern Song Dynasty, and made great achievements in poetry, ci, writing, calligraphy and painting. His writing is arbitrary; His poems are broad in subject matter, fresh and healthy, good at exaggeration and metaphor, and unique in style. He is also called "Su Huang" with Huang Tingjian. His words are bold and unconstrained, and they are both bold and unconstrained representatives with Xin Qiji, and they are called "Su Xin"; His prose creation is rich and unrestrained, and he is also called "Ou Su" with Ouyang Xiu, and he is one of the "Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties". Su Shi is also good at books and is one of the "Song Sijia"; He is good at painting, especially at ink bamboo, strange stones and dead wood. There are seven episodes of Dongpo, Yi Zhuan of Dongpo and Yuefu of Dongpo.
Literary appreciation:
Xu Gui, a critic of Ci in the Qing Dynasty, said that Dongpo's Ci "has its own heroism and is the true color of a hero" (Volume III of Ci Yuan Cong Tan). In Dongpo Yuefu, the most heroic masterpiece is Niannujiao Chibi Nostalgia, which is known as the "eternal swan song". This poem was written by Su Shi when he visited Chibi (Biji) outside Huanggang, and it was one of the most striking works in the Northern Song Dynasty.
This word is used to write scenery before writing, paving the way for the emergence of the protagonist. It starts with the Yangtze River flowing eastward, and then connects the endless rivers with historical celebrities with "waves washed away", which has arranged an extremely broad and long time and space background. People can not only see the surging river, but also want to see the outstanding spirit of romantic figures, and also appreciate the inner ups and downs induced by the author's talented people standing by the river, with great boldness of vision and extraordinary brushwork. Then the words "old base area" point out that this is the legendary ancient Red Cliff battlefield. As early as 870 years before Su Shi wrote this word, Zhou Yu, a famous Soochow player, commanded Battle of Red Cliffs on the south bank of the Yangtze River, defeating the strong with the weak. There are always different opinions about the specific location of the battlefield in those days. Dongpo is only talking about nostalgia here to express his feelings, and readers don't have to carve a boat for the sword. "Human nature is", and the following words are very measured. "Red Cliff in Zhou Lang" is not only a combination of words, but also a foreshadowing for Xiatan to remember Gong Jin. The next three sentences "Shake" show the magnificent scenery of Chibi: the steep cliffs rise into the clouds, the surging waves violently hit the riverbank, and the surging river rolled up thousands of surging snow waves. This vivid description from different angles, appealing to different feelings, swept away the mediocre and depressed atmosphere, and immediately brought readers into a thrilling and dangerous state, which made people's brains wide open and their spirits high. Fan a few words, always tie up the top and lift the next piece. "Picturesque" is an exquisite and blurted-out compliment, which should be the natural conclusion drawn by the author and readers from the magnificent picture of nature provided by the above art. "Outstanding people and beautiful mountains and rivers" will inevitably produce, nurture and attract countless outstanding heroes. The Three Kingdoms is an era of talented people: Cao Cao, who can write poems, Sun Quan, who shoots at tigers, Zhuge Liang, who is right in Longzhong, and Zhou Gongjin, who is resourceful ... It can really be said that "how many heroes were there!"
The last film focused on the scenery, focusing the distance between time and space on men in the Three Kingdoms period. However, among the many characters in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Su Shi especially misses Zhou Yu who defeated Na Zhi, a powerful enemy. Therefore, the next film begins with five sentences of "Yao Xiang", focusing on shaping the image of Zhou Yu, a young general, with wrist strength. On the basis of historical facts, the author selects materials that can express the personality of the characters, and vividly depicts the characters from several aspects through artistic concentration, refining and processing. According to historical records, in the third year of Jian 'an, Sun Ce personally married 24-year-old Zhou Yu, awarded him the title of "Jianwei corps commander" and captured Anhui City with him. Zhou Yu married Xiao Qiao when he won the battle of Wancheng, and it was ten years before he commanded the famous Battle of Red Cliffs. Here, ten years of events come together. Before writing Battle of Red Cliffs, I suddenly inserted the life details of "Xiao Qiao's first marriage" and set off the protagonist with beauty, which shows that Zhou Yu is handsome, young and promising, which is enviable enough. At the same time, it also reminds people that winning the war against Cao is the guarantee to seize Jiangdong and develop a victorious situation, otherwise it will inevitably lead to serious consequences, such as Du Mu's poem Red Cliff. This can make people realize the significance of this war. "Proud and heroic, feather fan with black silk scarf" is a description of Zhou Yu's elegant clothing and elegant demeanor from the portrait expression. Black silk scarf, black silk headscarf and "kudzu towel hair fan" are common costumes of Confucian generals since the Three Kingdoms. Focusing on their appearance and costumes, Zhou Yu, as a commander-in-chief, is natural and calm in the face of the battle, which shows that he is confident of winning the war. "Laughing and laughing, vanishing in smoke" captures the characteristics of the war between fire and water and accurately summarizes the victory scene of the whole war. According to the "Three Kingdoms" cited "Biography of the River Table". At that time, Zhou Yu commanded Wu Jun to use a light warship, full of dry wood, soaked in fish oil, lied about surrendering, and set sail for Cao Jun. For a time, "the fire was soaring, the ship was like an arrow, and the flying Egypt was absolutely rotten, and the north ship was burned." Only the word "ash" is used to describe Cao Jun's fiasco. It is conceivable that Zhou Yu, an extraordinary young general, can command the water army and resist the strong enemy from Hengjiang, making the other side's ten thousand ships turn to ashes in an instant. Su Shi praised Zhou Yu so much because he realized the weakness of the national strength in the Northern Song Dynasty and the serious threat of the military regime in Liao and Xia Dynasties. He always cares about the border war and is keen on serving the country. Facing the deepening of the border crisis and witnessing Song Ting's indifference and cowardice, he is very eager to become a hero who dominated for a while like the Three Kingdoms to reverse this very depressed situation. This is an ideological opportunity for the author to cherish the memory of Battle of Red Cliffs and carefully shape Zhou Yu, the core figure who directed this war drama.
However, the current political reality and the bumpy situation of the poet being demoted to Huangzhou have formed great contradictions with his desire to revitalize the dynasty and serve the country. Therefore, once the poet falls into reality from the "wandering old country", his thoughts are deep and he can't help sighing. The poet feels old prematurely because of his careless way, which is in sharp contrast with Zhou, who achieved great success in the same year. However, life is too short to let all kinds of "leisure worries" haunt you. Let's watch the river and enjoy the moon. "A bronze statue on the Yangtze River returns to the moon", a poet who is broad-minded, knowledgeable and good at masturbation seems to emerge in front of readers. At the end of the day, the torrent of emotion rises and falls, just like a river rushing in a wide field on the plateau, meeting a valley, turning slightly and continuing to flow to the boundless front. This is a reflection of the author's psychology after the sharp conflict between history and present situation, ideal and reality. This kind of ups and downs makes readers feel real, and in a sense, it can also cause readers to think.
Generally speaking, this word is magnificent, rich in style, singing high into the clouds, and its grand realm is unprecedented. The whole article is carefully chosen, but it is also lined with harmonious sentences. Handsome generals and young beautiful women set each other off as an interest, and the ideas of lofty sentiments and super-broad feelings overlap and turn, making the village harmonious and straight. Especially for the first time, he created a hero image with unprecedented boldness of vision and artistic strength, revealed the author's feelings of being willing to serve the country and being willing to pay, and opened up a new way to express important social themes with ci, which had great influence. According to Yu Wenbao's record of blowing swords, some people thought that this word must have been sung by a big man from Kansai with a copper pipa and an iron rake. Although they are limited by traditional ideas, they can't help sneering at the new style of Dongpo's ci, but on the other hand, it also shows that the appearance of this word has really had a deafening impact on the ci circle in the Northern Song Dynasty, where the lingering sound is still prevalent.