Introduction
After entering the Qing Dynasty, he did not serve as an official. He first traveled among the mountains and rivers, mingling among woodcutter and herders, and then he closed himself in his earthen house, drinking alone and barking wildly, not seeing outsiders for a long time. He died. "Selected Poems of Shiye'an" was compiled by Shen Hanguang after Zhang Gai's death and published for future generations.
Regarding Zhang Gai's life story, "Manuscript of the History of the Qing Dynasty" has a relatively brief record: "Gai, whose name is Fu Yu. After the death of the Ming Dynasty, he thanked all the students and lamented that his hair was dizzy and turned into a mad disease. He tasted traveling together. , Jin, Chu, and Yu, he stayed in a closed earthen room, although his wife could not be seen. Only Han Guang and Yue Zhi came in, and the poems were very sad and angry, and he destroyed his manuscripts after his death. Hanguang published a poem called "Persimmon Leaf Collection". Research
Regarding Zhang Gai's approximate birth and death dates: Zhang Gai wrote "I" in his poem "With Shenzi" written to Shen Hanguang. Gan Yufu said that because of his old age, Han Guang lived in seclusion. It seems that Zhang Gai was older than Shen Hanguang, and Shen Hanguang was born in the forty-seventh year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1619 AD). This concludes that Zhang Gai Should have been born before 1619 AD. Zhang Gai's friend from the same hometown, Zhao Zhan, also mentioned the year of Jihai in "Three Poems of Huai Zhang Mingshi Old Friends", and this year of Jihai should be the 16th year of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty, that is, 1659 AD. In other words, Zhang Gai should have been born before 1619 AD and died after 1659 AD.
Zhang Gai’s hometown friends Shen Hanguang and Zhao Zhan also left some records about Zhang Gai’s life in their poems.
Shen Hanguang recorded in "Introduction to Zhang Fuyu's Poems": "Zhang Gai, courtesy name Fuyu, was born in Dongqiao, Wuyong, and was a Jie Shi. However, at first, he was a wild writer and rarely held the title of official. It's not what I like, but it's a good poem... After the Jiashen period, I suddenly broke down and became a tribute to the Imperial Academy. I was not accepted. I left my hometown and sat alone behind closed doors. I read Du's poems for five or six years, and I also improved my poetry. , I got the charm of Shaoling. I didn't say a word to the guests for days, or asked them, saying that I had nothing to say... I like to walk alone in the thin forest, making my own sign language, and the time is unpredictable... Return and build an earthen house. Hidden away from all human traces, he eats and drinks from the hole, and when he is young, he goes out to worship his mother, although his wife is not there."
Zhao Zhan recorded in "Three Poems of Huai Zhang Mingshi Old Friend": "The old friend's name is Gai, his courtesy name is Mingshi, his name is Ruo'an, and he is a native of Tongli. . A young man who was proud and erudite, played the piano and wrote poems, but was not among the common people. After Jiashen, he gave up his Confucian crown and gave lectures on the shore of Zhangfu. He was autistic at home, and his wife and friends rarely saw him. Occasionally he would write songs or write poems, or he would burn his manuscripts, or he would go to the well in the summer of Shen, but he would be fooled by the man. In the earthen room, I was talking about old things under the moonlight, with tears running down my lap, and I could hear the delirium and talk, but I didn’t know whether it was a disease or not.”
Liu Fengyuan of Quzhou wrote in the poem "Zhang Mingshi from afar": "A martyr has no disciples, and a straight tree has no shade. The son abandons his clothes and hats and scatters them in the forest. He doesn't care about breaking the steamer, how can he pick up the gold left behind." Dig five pine trees and play a harp. I compose a song in the west mountain and chant it drunkenly in Sanlu. I should know my son’s heart and give him a longing." This poem also generally reflects Zhang Gai's life. Evaluation
Zhang Gai wrote poems and imitated Du Fu. Shen Hanguang said in "Introduction to Zhang Fuyu's Poems": Sitting alone behind closed doors, reading Du's poems, after five or six years of age, he also improved his poems and gained the charm of Shaoling.
Chen Kangqi said in "The First Biography of Lang Qian Jiwen": In the early days of the Republic of China, there were many poets in Zhili. Yongnian Zhang Gai Mingshi, Shen Han Guangfu League, and Jize Yin Yue Zongshan were called the three talented scholars in Jinan.
Wang Shizhen said in "Yuyang Poetry Talk": Shenfu League's Hanguang poem was called Guangping and founded the Heshuo School of Poetry. His friends Yin Yue Boyan of Jize, Zhang Gaifuyu of Yongnian, Liu Fengyuan Jintiao of Quzhou, and Zhao Zhanqiushui of Handan were all Yimin.
Deng Hanyi said in the "Preface to the Collection of Congshan": Today's poems are most popular in Heshuo, and the Fu League is dominated by commoners, and its friends include Boyan of Yinzi, Fuyu of Zhangzi, Liu Zijin's talents were all outstanding, comparable to those of the ancients. Selected Poems
Reminiscing about the old city, the sound of anvils sounded urgently at night, and the shadows of trees were cold in the deep courtyards. Lonely pity shines upon oneself, recalling the bright moon and looking at it together. Traveling in Japan is passed with poetry, and homesickness is relieved with wine. In autumn, I sleep in my dreams and cross the river every night.
On an autumn night in the mountains, I stayed with my friends in the Langjia Palace. The clouds return to fill thousands of streams, and the moon rises above thousands of mountains. When will the soldiers rest? I will be with Qin Zun this night. Zhang Hua has a sword, which he draws and dances with when he is drunk.
When a guest returns home, the road to Jingmen is wide, and you will return from this place. It's raining in the clouds and mountains, and there's a slanting glow on the boat. The schedule is approaching, and it is no longer humane. When I go to look for Ji Ruan, the firewood door is closed in the bamboo.
Meng Ting did not see Meng Haoran back then and asked about the fishing boat at Yuliang Ferry. The pine path in Yanfei is empty, and the beach is like frost and the moon is full in the sky.
Reply to Shenfu's covenant to travel to Longxi and feel happy about the forest gullies in the southwest. I love the mountain villages and water villages. The mountain enters Taihang Panniao Road, and water falls under the cloud roots. We can work together with Zheng Zi in the rock valley, but why should we be different from Pang Gong hiding in Lumen? I will rely on you to search for the divination and construction in advance, and I am willing to send my white hair to the sky.