The ridges in front of the village and behind are deep with mulberry trees, and there are no intrusions between the houses to the east and west. ——Guan Xiu of the Tang Dynasty, "Two Poems on the House Wall of Shushan House in the Spring Festival Gala" The ridges in the front and back of the village are deep with mulberry trees, and there is no intrusion between the neighboring houses to the east and west.
From "Two Poems on the Wall of the House in Shanjia during the Spring Festival Gala" written by Guanxiu of the Tang Dynasty
Chaimen is silent, millet and rice are fragrant, and Shanjia has fireworks and spring rain.
The garden is covered with flowers and the water is cool, and the child cries of the oriole on the tree. Countryside, Scenery, Lyrical, Joy Poems Translation and Annotations
Translation
Chaimen is silent. The rice in the house is fragrant, and the farmhouse smoke is curling up. After the spring rain, it will clear up the day after tomorrow.
In the courtyard, there are misty flowers and clear flowing water in the mountains. The children cry and make noises asking for the orioles on the trees.
The black water of the pond is densely covered with cattails, and the mandarin ducks and ducks are playing in the water like poultry.
There are many luxuriant mulberry trees in the fields in front of the village and behind the village, and the boundaries between the houses in the east and west are clear and do not invade each other.
The silkworm girl washes her cocoons in the clear stream in front of her, and the shepherd boy plays the piccolo while dressing and bathing in the water.
The hospitable Shan Weng persuaded me to stay here as soon as possible. He pointed to Xipo with a smile and said that the melons and beans were about to mature. Creation background Guan Xiu was a poet monk in the late Tang Dynasty. The poems "Two Poems on the Wall of Shushan's House in Spring Evening" were written on the wall when he was a guest in the countryside. The creation time was in late spring, and the specific year is unknown. Appreciation
The first two sentences of the first poem describe the silence inside and outside Chaimen, with wisps of smoke rising slowly; the fragrance of yellow rice coming to your nose; after a spring rain, farmers who do not violate the farming season will naturally want to Moisture is being harvested for spring plowing, so "Chaimen" appears "silent". It can also be seen from this that the "spring rain" falls in time, the sky clears in time, and the farmers collect moisture in time. It is not said that they are happy for the rain, but the love for the rain is obvious.
In the last two sentences, the water in the courtyard is misty, as if the flowers in the courtyard are covered with gauze, making it difficult to see clearly; in the mountains and fields, the "cooling" water is so It is crisp and sweet; the birds that have taken shelter in their nests from the rain fly up to the branches again, chirping and singing happily; a child walks out of the firewood gate and cries to catch birds for fun. All of these are written about the scenery and the joy of rain after the spring rain clears. Not to mention the misty scenery and the sound of cool water, just talk about the orioles in the trees. The orioles on the trees were so cheerful and noisy that they made the children cry endlessly. It was even more conceivable that the farmers in the fields were rushing to plow the land.
Late spring is a busy season for Shan family, but the poet did not mention the busy farming, but focused on tranquility, and saw the busy farming from the tranquility. Late spring is a rainy season, and the joyful mood after the spring rain is a common mood among farmers. The beauty of the poet is that he does not write about people or feelings, but only the scenery, and the scenery is connected to the people and the scenery to the feelings. Written in this way, it not only closely adheres to the characteristics of late spring, but also can be said to be short and precise. Fang Dongshu said that "the short poems are profound and the short chapters are instructive", which means Fang is a good poem. One of the artistic characteristics of this poem is that it is short and precise, shallow and deep, with emotions in the scene and people outside the scene. "Beauty is hidden in the water" (Xue Xue's "A Dipper of Poetry"), and vitality is revealed in a quiet place. .
Guan Xiu's poems make good use of overlapping words in language, such as "A bottle and a bowl grow old, and thousands of rivers and mountains can get it" ("Chen Qing Xian to the Emperor of Shu"), so people call him "Monk De De Lai". Another example is, "The vastness is boundless again, and the stems are full of worries" ("Boundless Song"), "The horses' hooves are trampling, and the trees are falling" ("Lightly Chapter"), etc. This poem also has this artistic feature. In the four lines of the poem, there are three overlapping words: "Liberty", which describes the characteristics of the mountain family being busy with spring plowing after the spring rain clears, and no one is idle: "Misty", the strong rain makes the flowers seem to be covered with light gauze, The indistinguishable modality: "Ling Ling" describes the sound of flowing spring water. The use of these overlapping words is not only suitable for creating scenery, drawing shapes, modeling sounds, and conveying emotions, but also has melodious sounds and musical beauty like folk songs. In the beautiful and delicate poetic style of the late Tang Dynasty, this poem gives people a fresh and healthy feeling.
The second song expands from the small environment of each family in the "Mountain Family" to the surrounding environment. The first three sentences describe natural scenery. "Before the village and behind the ridge" still means "everywhere". Although there is not a word of praise in these three sentences, the beauty of the countryside, the scene of abundant harvest, and the quiet atmosphere of life are clearly visible and tangible, and they are worthy of nostalgia. Not to mention the economic value of mulberry, let’s talk about Pu. Pu is edible when young and can be used to weave mats and make grass utensils when mature, which is of great benefit to people. What about mandarin ducks? Chi is still living peacefully, let alone people. This paved the way for the fourth sentence, "Neighbors in the east and west do not invade each other." Moreover, the vigorous growth of plants is always inseparable from the hard work of people. The poem does not mention the hard work and wisdom of the villagers, but the praise is implicit.
In the above-mentioned environment with beautiful scenery, abundant products, peaceful life, and hard-working villagers, the "neighbors in the east and west" naturally live in peace and live a good-neighborly life of "non-intrusion". There are no social phenomena such as strong bullying of the weak, mob violence, intrigues, and mutual competition. It goes without saying that through the description of the peaceful life of the farmhouse, the poet, as a Buddhist, can't help but place his own ideals and interests on it.
In the last four sentences of the poem, four characters including the author are described in one breath, which is rare in similar Tang poems. These four sentences further demonstrate the loveliness of the Shan family from the inner peace of the characters living in this environment.
With just a few strokes, the objective scenery of white cocoons, green water, fragrant melons, ripe beans, and the sweet sound of flutes is described in a realistic and picturesque manner; the images of the silkworm mother, shepherd boy, and mountain man are so lifelike that they are vividly visible to the eye, ready to be drawn out. It is not difficult to imagine the sweetness of Silkworm Girl's joyful harvest; the naughty nature of the shepherd boy bathing with his clothes on: "The mountain old man stayed with me again and again", and the depth of his friendship. Coupled with the rendering of words such as "laughing finger", the mountain man's movements, mood, voice, smile and his simple, kind and hospitable character are further revealed; and the poet "I", in such an environment, can't wait to In other words, one can imagine his lingering mood. What's even better is that at the end of the poem, the word "ripe" is used in the shape of "West Slope Melons and Beans" to paint a scene of a harvest in sight, echoing the black pond full of cattails and mulberry trees everywhere, which is really eye-catching. It's a happy evil. The whole poem ends abruptly, but leaves room for memorable moments. Guanxiu (823-912), whose common surname was Jiang and courtesy name Deyin, was from Lanhuo, Wuzhou (some say it was Jinxian County, Jiangxi). He was a famous painting monk in the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties. When he was 7 years old, he became a monk in Lanxi and Ansi Yuanzhen and became a child servant. Guanxiu has a very good memory. He can recite 1,000 words of the Lotus Sutra every day and has a photographic memory. Guan Xiu Ya loved to recite poetry, and he often discussed poetry with the monks in silence across the fence, either reciting to find a couple, or singing in harmony with each other, which surprised everyone who saw him. After Guanxiu received the ordination, his poetry became more and more famous and he was still famous far and wide. In the second year of Qianhua (915), he finally lived there and lived for 89 years.
Guanxiu, thousands of valleys are filled with late music, and several peaks stand silently in the setting sun. Guomen faces the ferry, and the village trees connect to the mouth of the stream. Don't laugh at the farmers' wine, which is thick with wax and wine. In good years, enough chickens and dolphins are kept from visitors. There is a bamboo temple across the water and a light mist, passing by Shuyu Luohua Village. Shashan Yunli. It is the urgent need for agriculture in every village. The child suspected that there were villagers, so he hurried to Chaimen but closed it. The village likes to have abundant crops and abundant peaks. May I ask where the restaurant is? The shepherd boy points to Xinghua Village in the distance. Jujube flowers are falling on clothes and towels, reeling wheels are ringing in the south and north of the village, and cucumbers are sold by old willows in cow clothes. The autumn wind blew into Jiangcun, it was dusk, and the lonely phoenix trees did not open their doors despite the rain. Yunzhe Temple on Jiuhuashan Road, Liufu Bridge in Qingyijiang Village. The wind is clearing in the ruins of Changxia Village, and the eaves-toothed sparrows have sprung up. The mountains and rivers are full of doubts and there is no way, and the willows and flowers are dark and the flowers are bright in another village. One day, the officers and soldiers collected the sea clothes and drove the cattle to eat beef. When they returned, you got two horns of the cattle. Sigh that the country remains the same, thousands of villages are scattered.