Fuan poetry

1. Who are the ancient celebrities in Fuan? Are men determined to remember the past? Don't get tired of reading in front of the lamp. Since ancient times, when the princes haven't met? The depression is very long and enclosed in the mountains. (1) Review the past: investigate the past.

(2) Never met: Never met an opportunity, which means you haven't made a fortune yet. Ode to Caotang is a seven-character ancient poem.

These words mean that if a person wants to aspire to a career, he should examine how the ancients embarked on the road to success and not be tired of reading under the lamp; You know, since ancient times, princes and princes, when things are not going well, mostly endure depression and loneliness, work behind closed doors, study hard and work hard. The words of exhortation are clear and meaningful.

Taimu Mountain (1)-Xue Lingzhi publicized the poor island and chose to visit Shenshan Mountain. Ingenious digging, fairy tales often come back.

Dongou is outside the desert (2), and Wuyue is remote. In order to plead for Xiangrong, Faith begged to stay in Yan.

[Note] ① Taimushan is located in the south of fuding city, formerly known as Caishan and Taimushan. According to folklore, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ordered Dong Fangshuo, the minister, to name the mountains and rivers in the world. Seeing the wonderful mountain scenery, Dong Fangshuo inscribed the word "the first mountain in the world" and renamed "Taimu" as "Taimu".

Now it is a national scenic spot. ② Dongou: Ouyue, an ancient place name, refers to Wenzhou and southern Zhejiang, and was also the jurisdiction of Fujian and Vietnam during the Qin Dynasty.

The border of Damushan is at the junction of southern Zhejiang and northeastern Fujian. I mourned Xue Lingzhi's reunion in Asahi, and I met Mr. Pan.

Everything on the plate, alfalfa is dry. It is difficult to swallow a spoon when the rice is astringent, and the soup is thin and wide.

You can only seize the day, so why not keep out the cold? Xue Lingzhi Lingyan Temple Caotang now lives in Guling and works hard to write poems and books.

There is no one in Chai Men, accompanied by white clouds. Caotang Yin 1 Xue Lingzhi's Caotang lives in Linggu ②, reading poetry and writing candles diligently.

There is no one in Chai Men, accompanied by white clouds. In spring, I came back from fishing in Xitou, and the flowers were smiling and the grass was green.

The ape crane turned from sorrow to sorrow, and took the piano to manage the fairy songs alone. Who knows how wonderful sadness is in the song, but in the second stage, it can be said that the palace is raised.

Before the fish turned into a dragon sword and flew, the poor people who were tired of reading laughed. If you don't know Su Qin or Han Xin, you will know that you are handsome.

Once you meet a wise king, you wear a golden seal on your waist. Men are determined to look back on the past and study tirelessly in front of the lamp.

Since ancient times, the princes have not met, and the depressions have been closed for a long time. 【 Note 】 ① Caotang, namely Guling Caotang, was changed to Lingyan Temple in the first year of Xian Tong in the Tang Dynasty (860), which is located behind Yangcheng Mountain Village in the northwest of Fu 'an and is the place where Xue Lingzhi studied.

② Linggu, namely Lingyan Valley, is behind Yangcheng Mountain Village in the northwest. There are Lingyan on the top, Gemstone and Diaoyutai on the bottom, and Shuangxi and Jianshui Exchange in front.

When Xue Lingzhi was a teenager, he built the Guling Caotang here. After the book Wenshan volume, Xie Ao's soul flies thousands of miles, and the end of the world is separated from you.

If you don't die in public, you will live as if there were no life. Dan Xin has not changed, and the game writing protocol has become the first.

Nowhere to cry, I'll change my name today. Xitai cried that Xie Ao cried in his later years and went to Taiwan Province during the day.

Tears fell on the Wujiang River and returned to the sea with the tide. So the clothes are still dyed blue, and the land is not pity.

A guest in Laoshan should only feel eight sorrows. [Note] (1) This is a poem written by Xie Ao after Wen Tianxiang's collection of poems shortly after Wen Tianxiang's death.

Taoist Xie Ao, who looks at Xiandu Mountain from afar, is chanting at half peak, and the immortals in the cave dare not return. I want to ride the wind to the top and break the lotus leaves to make hemp fiber.

The song of sending Zhang Zida to visit Huangshan Mountain-Xie Ao's "Thirty-six Clouds on Huangshan Mountain" is secret and mysterious, and the world has never heard of it. When chaos first opened, it was easy to turn yellow from the Tang Dynasty, and it was attached to Xuanyuan alchemy league fairy group.

The sky and lotus flowers suddenly went straight into the blue sky, and the peaks spewed smoke and snow like waves. Pingtian Zhi is an unpredictable dragon flying, with deep sea and empty clouds roaring under it.

There are also Xiandeng Cave, Jiulongchi, Xianqiao and Moon Tower. If you want to explore one by one, it must be beyond the reach of an item, a bird or a force. When Xie Ao began to wail in Xitai, Lu Gong, the former prime minister of the Tang Dynasty, served in the south, and I joined the army in Buyi.

Next year, stop it. The following year, the public experienced what Zhang and Zhang had tasted. They were strict and sad, generous, and kept their words, and their poems could be tested.

I hate that I can't see the public through my hands, but I remember what I said at that time alone. Every time I think about it, I find it in my dream. Or the mountains and rivers are lost, the clouds and trees are similar, and they linger around and dare not cry.

Three years later, I went to Gusu. Gusu, when the public first opened the government, the old government also ruled.

Looking at Fucha's podium, I began to cry. Four years later, I cried Taiwan Province.

Today, five years later, I cried on the platform in Zi Ling. First, one day, I made an appointment with my friends A and B, and the more we stayed, the more we got together.

In the afternoon, before the rain stopped, I bought a list and waited by the river. "When going ashore, I want to add more houses next to the word, destroying the walls and dying porcelain", like entering the grave of the market. Also, the list of people who use sacrifices.

After a while, the rain stopped. I boarded the west platform and set up a corner of the main drought. Then I worshipped you and wished you a good finish. Fu San, goodbye, get up.

Read the weak crown again, and pay homage to the text when you come. It was sent to you first from beginning to end.

Now, I'm old, and I'm a landscape map. If I lose it as soon as possible. Look back at the east and cry goodbye.

There are clouds floating from the southwest, romantic and gloomy. "If the gas is sparse, if the tree is sparse, if it helps the sad. So, he knocked on the stone with a bamboo pole at will, gesticulating with a Chu song and saying,' Wei went to Ji, returned to Guan at dusk, and became a success. How can he eat it? ""Song worship, "bamboo and stone are broken.

So I feel the same way. "After Dongtai, fondle Cang Shi, also want to walk in the list.

The people on the list began to cry in shock, and the cloud said,' There is something wrong with the ship, and the Enterprise has moved? "Then move the list, each wine, each send thoughts for poetry. At dusk, Yukikaze, unable to stay, landed at home B, and wrote poems at night to remember the past.

Tomorrow's wind and snow will benefit, and Jiazi River will be separated. Yu and C go home alone, traveling three miles, and the more you stay, the more you stay.

Later, A came with books and other poems, saying that the wind and sails of the sun were sailing in the howl. After a long time, Ji Ji suspected that there was a sinister phase between God and Yin, "the power to swim with this." Yu Ri: "Alas! Ruan infantry died, and the empty mountain did not cry for a thousand years.

With the help of God, it is impossible to know. But this tour is also good, it is a literary word. Because it expresses its meaning, it is also sad. "

I tried to imitate Tai Shigong and write "Han Ji Le Biao" and "Chukou Qin Chu Ji". People don't have the heart to know more, and successful people will have the heart to know more.

It is very appropriate to get a book out here to attach the incident of' thinking about cold'. It was twenty-six years after the first gentleman came to power.

Xianjunwei has certain words. The age of the stage, I am ugly.

Lion Rock (1) Huang Mengyou Yue Long, the lion roared and shook his head. If you ask for the first time, give me a thunderbolt.

[Author Introduction] Huang Mengyou, whose real name is Bo Gou, was born in Bantou, Muyang, Fu 'an (now Muyang Su Causeway). In the fifth year of Southern Song Dynasty (1 169), he served as a military attache. The date of birth and death is unknown. He used to be planning officer of Cong Ichiro and Chizhou.

He is fair and prudent, and the people have nothing.

Do you know any proverbs, ballads and celebrities in Fuan? Three rural sages in Fuan —— Tang Xue Ganoderma lucidum, Song Xie Ao and Zheng Song Hu Chen.

Fu 'an Ancient Poets —— Lin Zhuowu —— Liu Zhongzao —— Li Zhiqing —— Chen Congchao —— Yang Fu —— Huang Gan —— Gregorio Lopez —— Miao Childe —— Liu Bicheng —— Zhao Wannian —— Liu Jipei —— Chen Shenyuan —— Sun Sheng —— Chen Congchao —— Guo Dongshan Xue Lingzhi (682) Tang.

In the Tang Dynasty, Xue Lingzhi served as assistant to Zuo Buque and the Prince during the opening ceremony (713-741). Later, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty doted on Yang Guifei and reused Li.

Xuanzong's marching orders to Ling Xue. Xue Lingzhi was disheartened, so he retired and returned to his hometown to celebrate all night.

After Tang Suzong Hengli acceded to the throne, he was very concerned about Xue Lingzhi and ordered him to return to Beijing. Unfortunately, Xue Lingzhi has passed away. Tang Suzong was moved by Xue Lingzhi's incorruptibility, and named Shishan "Liancun", the river in front of the village as "Lianshui" and the mountain behind the village as "Lianling". Since then, "Sanlian" has been well known.

At the end of the Tang Dynasty (923-936), a man surnamed Chen married Xue, a native of Lianjiang, Fuzhou, and moved to Liancun. Today, most villagers are surnamed Chen.

The descendants of Xue Lingzhi, some of whom moved to the neighboring village of Gao Cen and some moved to Xiamen, became the ancestors of developing Xiamen. Xie ao (1249~ 1295) was an essayist and poet in the late southern song dynasty.

The word Gao Yu, issued on the evening number [Sunset]. In the ninth year of the Southern Song Dynasty (1249), he was born in Xiaoyang Village at the northern foot of Baiyun Mountain in Muyang, Fu 'an, and then moved to Xiapu County. His poems have been handed down by more than 200 people.

19 years old, should be a scholar. In July of the first year of Jingyan (1276), Wen Tianxiang started his army, and he led hundreds of villagers to join the army.

Wen Tianxiang was captured and killed, but he was not an official, and he wandered in Zhejiang to the end. Before and after the national subjugation in the Southern Song Dynasty, prose was radiant, and Xie Ao was one of the representative writers.

Huang Zongxi praised his article as the "best article" between heaven and earth (Volume I of My Regret Collection, Introduction to Xie Nianpu and Travel Notes). His "Mourning for the West Taiwan" was written in the 28th year of Yuan Shizu Zhiyuan (129 1) in memory of Wen Tianxiang, expressing his deep grief and indignation in a tortuous way, which was deeply touching.

His landscape articles, such as "A Visit to Song Chi and Shi Yang", describe sheep and rocks, which are vivid and vivid; The Story of Jinhua Cave is a vivid description of the monsters in the cave. His vigorous writing style benefited from Liu Zongyuan's prose.

Xie Ao learned from Li He and Meng Jiao, whose strange rise can be followed by Meng Jiao and whose danger can be confronted with Li He. Zheng Huchen (12 19~ 1276), also known as Jing Zhao, was born in the twelfth year of Jiading in the Southern Song Dynasty (12 19), and was born in Baizhu Nanshan, Changxi County, Fujian Province (now Yangtou Village, Xibin Nanshan, Fu 'an City) in the first year of Deyou.

His father, Zheng Yun, a native of Song Lizong, was a Tongzhi in Yuezhou at that time. He was framed by the traitor Jia Sidao and was exiled and put to death. Zheng Huchen was punished by collective punishment, exiled to the frontier, and later pardoned and released.

Later, Zheng Huchen killed Jia Sidao, a traitor, on his way to rid the world of rape. These deeds are recorded in Du Min Bieji.

The following year, Jia Sidao's accomplice Chen fled to Fuzhou and instigated Zhao Guigeng to kill Zheng Huchen. After the injury, Zheng Huchen was buried next to the museum garden in Nanshan Village. The villagers and their descendants built a shrine in front of the village to commemorate him.

Yu, a famous anti-Japanese soldier in the Ming Dynasty, also set up a stone tablet in the stone pavilion in front of Mumian Temple, which read "Zheng Song Hu Chen killed Jia Sidao here". The Ming Dynasty also wrote a poem about Zheng Huchen's punishment of Jia: "In those days, I was mistaken for my country and fled to other places, exposing my life experience.

Who said that tiger ministers become fierce festivals, kapok lasts forever? Miao's son, a prodigy poet in Fu 'an, Fujian, was clever since childhood.

At the age of seven, I wrote the poem "New Moon" during the exam, and I was ambitious since I was a child. Expressed the spirit of helping people all over the world.

The works "Crescent Moon" and "Fu Crescent Moon" are included in "All Tang Poems". He is the author of "Selected Poems of Miao Zi" and other new moon poems: "The first moon is like a bow, and the sky is bright".

People should not underestimate that it is like a curved eyebrow. By the evening of 15, it will reunite, perfect and light up the world. It is still widely circulated today.

Yu Zhan was born in Saiqi, Fu 'an (now Fujian). In the first year of Emperor Xiaozong's Longxing (1 163), he played a special title and was the main book.

See Ming Jiajing's Ningde County Records. According to Zhan Hao's "Fu 'an County Records", it is said that "Cai, Zi De". Wu Yu was born, and the deer fought with people.

The city was trapped in Jieran, but the thief was tied at the entrance, beating and cursing until he died. At the end of Tang Dynasty and the beginning of Song Dynasty, it was recorded that the five sons of Sai Gong's descendants were admitted to this subject, which was praised by Zhu, a Neo-Confucianism scholar in Song Dynasty: "Learn to view everything in front of the building and view the dragon on the list."

In the Ming and Qing dynasties, the style of study continued unabated, and talents came forth in large numbers. Such as Yu Zhan, Xu Zhan, Zhan Kun, Wen Zhan, Zhan Ti and Gao Zhan. Not only did he devote himself to his career, but he also made great achievements in his studies and went down in history.

In modern times, the performance of the Fuan Zhan family was more prominent. For example, Martyr Zhan was the first person in Mindong to take up a gun and lead the people's revolution, and was appointed as the acting secretary of Mindong Special Committee. Another example is Zhan Maoshan, the father of Mayor Zhan Yi, who took part in the revolution in his early years and was elected as the first deputy magistrate of Fuan County People's Government before his death. No matter in the past, present or future, the traditional virtues and brilliant achievements of the ancestors of Fuan Zhan are undoubtedly valuable spiritual wealth to inspire the younger generation to keep forging ahead and strive for strength.

Zheng Yu is a native of Baizhu Nanshan (now Yangtou Village, Xiping Xishan, Fu 'an City) in Changxi County, Fujian Road. Song Lizong, the father of Zheng Huchen, was from Yuezhou (now Shaoxing). Because he didn't like the traitor Jia Sidao, he became a political enemy, was framed by Jia Sidao, exiled to Yuan Zhou, and died in exile.

A scholar in Song Dynasty, born in Changxi (now Fuan, Fujian), was sentenced to Quzhou (1152 ~12265438), a proud disciple of Zhu. His son-in-law is of high quality and was born in Chayang (Yangtou) in Changhai. The son-in-law of writer Zhu.

Born in Xichun period of Song Dynasty. In the second year of Qingyuan (1 196), the court banned "pseudo-learning", and Zhu Jufu 'an worshipped Zhu as a teacher and got to the point. "Famous about Yang (Fu), Lin (Ziyun), Gao (Song), Chen (Jun), Zheng (Cai) and Gong.

Disciples are Rao Lu (Yugan, Jiangxi) and Li Jian (Ningde).

After entering the DPRK as an official, he was buried in Forty-one Capital (this summer county). In the first year of Qianlong reign in Qing Dynasty (1736), the sage of Neo-Confucianism was posthumously awarded, and the Huanggong Temple was built in Longshan Lane, Fuzhou to worship Huang Gan. At the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, Jin Bing crossed Huainan and invaded. Anqing is a battleground for military strategists, and it is also a mess, and people have fled.

Huang Gan was appointed as a magistrate. After he took office, he built a city to prepare for war, refused the nomads from the south, and met his lost sister by chance. In the interweaving of national conditions, enemy situation, people's feelings, family ties and disasters, Huang Gan overcame natural and man-made disasters and built a city wall.

Do you know any proverbs, ballads and celebrities in Fuan? Three rural sages in Fuan —— Tang Xue Ganoderma lucidum, Song Xie Ao and Zheng Song Hu Chen.

Fu 'an Ancient Poets —— Lin Zhuowu —— Liu Zhongzao —— Li Zhiqing —— Chen Congchao —— Yang Fu —— Huang Gan —— Gregorio Lopez —— Miao Childe —— Liu Bicheng —— Zhao Wannian —— Liu Jipei —— Chen Shenyuan —— Sun Sheng —— Chen Congchao —— Guo Dongshan Xue Lingzhi (682) Tang.

In the Tang Dynasty, he served as the left vacancy-filling and assistant to the prince in Kai (713-741). Later, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty doted on Yang Guifei and reused Li.

Xuanzong's marching orders to Ling Xue. Xue Lingzhi was disheartened, so he retired and returned to his hometown to celebrate all night.

After Tang Suzong Hengli acceded to the throne, he was very concerned about Xue Lingzhi and ordered him to return to Beijing. Unfortunately, Xue Lingzhi has passed away. Tang Suzong was moved by Xue Lingzhi's incorruptibility, and named Shishan "Liancun", the river in front of the village as "Lianshui" and the mountain behind the village as "Lianling". Since then, "Sanlian" has been well known.

At the end of the Tang Dynasty (923-936), a man surnamed Chen married Xue, a native of Lianjiang, Fuzhou, and moved to Liancun. Today, most villagers are surnamed Chen.

The descendants of Xue Lingzhi, some of whom moved to the neighboring village of Gao Cen and some moved to Xiamen, became the ancestors of developing Xiamen. Xie ao (1249~ 1295) was an essayist and poet in the late southern song dynasty.

The word Gao Yu, issued on the evening number [Sunset]. In the ninth year of the Southern Song Dynasty (1249), he was born in Xiaoyang Village at the northern foot of Baiyun Mountain in Muyang, Fu 'an, and then moved to Xiapu County. His poems have been handed down by more than 200 people.

19 years old, should be a scholar. In July of the first year of Jingyan (1276), Wen Tianxiang started his army, and he led hundreds of villagers to join the army.

Wen Tianxiang was captured and killed, but he was not an official, and he wandered in Zhejiang to the end. Before and after the national subjugation in the Southern Song Dynasty, prose was radiant, and Xie Ao was one of the representative writers.

Huang Zongxi praised his article as the "best article" between heaven and earth (Volume I of My Regret Collection, Introduction to Xie Nianpu and Travel Notes). His "Mourning for the West Taiwan" was written in the 28th year of Yuan Shizu Zhiyuan (129 1) in memory of Wen Tianxiang, expressing his deep grief and indignation in a tortuous way, which was deeply touching.

His landscape articles, such as "A Visit to Song Chi and Shi Yang", describe sheep and rocks, which are vivid and vivid; The Story of Jinhua Cave is a vivid description of the monsters in the cave. His vigorous writing style benefited from Liu Zongyuan's prose.

Xie Ao learned from Li He and Meng Jiao, whose strange rise can be followed by Meng Jiao and whose danger can be confronted with Li He. Zheng Huchen (12 19~ 1276), also known as Jing Zhao, was born in the twelfth year of Jiading in the Southern Song Dynasty (12 19), and was born in Baizhu Nanshan, Changxi County, Fujian Province (now Yangtou Village, Xibin Nanshan, Fu 'an City) in the first year of Deyou.

His father, Zheng Yun, a native of Song Lizong, was a Tongzhi in Yuezhou at that time. He was framed by the traitor Jia Sidao and was exiled and put to death. Zheng Huchen was punished by collective punishment, exiled to the frontier, and later pardoned and released.

Later, Zheng Huchen killed Jia Sidao, a traitor, on his way to rid the world of rape. These deeds are recorded in Du Min Bieji.

The following year, Jia Sidao's accomplice Chen fled to Fuzhou and instigated Zhao Guigeng to kill Zheng Huchen. After the injury, Zheng Huchen was buried next to the museum garden in Nanshan Village. The villagers and their descendants built a shrine in front of the village to commemorate him.

Yu, a famous anti-Japanese soldier in the Ming Dynasty, also set up a stone tablet in the stone pavilion in front of Mumian Temple, which read "Zheng Song Hu Chen killed Jia Sidao here". The Ming Dynasty also wrote a poem about Zheng Huchen's punishment of Jia: "In those days, I was mistaken for my country and fled to other places, exposing my life experience.

Who said that tiger ministers become fierce festivals, kapok lasts forever? Miao's son, a prodigy poet in Fu 'an, Fujian, was clever since childhood.

At the age of seven, I wrote the poem "New Moon" during the exam, and I was ambitious since I was a child. Expressed the spirit of helping people all over the world.

The works "Crescent Moon" and "Fu Crescent Moon" are included in "All Tang Poems". He is the author of "Selected Poems of Miao Zi" and other new moon poems: "The first moon is like a bow, and the sky is bright".

People should not underestimate that it is like a curved eyebrow. By the evening of 15, it will reunite, perfect and light up the world. It is still widely circulated today.

Yu Zhan was born in Saiqi, Fu 'an (now Fujian). In the first year of Emperor Xiaozong's Longxing (1 163), he played a special title and was the main book.

See Ming Jiajing's Ningde County Records. According to Zhan Hao's "Fu 'an County Records", it is said that "Cai, Zi De". Wu Yu was born, and the deer fought with people.

The city was trapped in Jieran, but the thief was tied at the entrance, beating and cursing until he died. At the end of Tang Dynasty and the beginning of Song Dynasty, it was recorded that the five sons of Sai Gong's descendants were admitted to this subject, which was praised by Zhu, a Neo-Confucianism scholar in Song Dynasty: "Learn to view everything in front of the building and view the dragon on the list."

In the Ming and Qing dynasties, the style of study continued unabated, and talents came forth in large numbers. Such as Yu Zhan, Xu Zhan, Zhan Kun, Wen Zhan, Zhan Ti and Gao Zhan. Not only did he devote himself to his career, but he also made great achievements in his studies and went down in history.

In modern times, the performance of the Fuan Zhan family was more prominent. For example, Martyr Zhan was the first person in Mindong to take up a gun and lead the people's revolution, and was appointed as the acting secretary of Mindong Special Committee. Another example is Zhan Maoshan, the father of Mayor Zhan Yi, who took part in the revolution in his early years and was elected as the first deputy magistrate of Fuan County People's Government before his death. No matter in the past, present or future, the traditional virtues and brilliant achievements of the ancestors of Fuan Zhan are undoubtedly valuable spiritual wealth to inspire the younger generation to keep forging ahead and strive for strength.

Zheng Yu is a native of Baizhu Nanshan (now Yangtou Village, Xiping Xishan, Fu 'an City) in Changxi County, Fujian Road. Song Lizong, the father of Zheng Huchen, was from Yuezhou (now Shaoxing). Because he didn't like the traitor Jia Sidao, he became a political enemy, was framed by Jia Sidao, exiled to Yuan Zhou, and died in exile.

A scholar in Song Dynasty, born in Changxi (now Fuan, Fujian), was sentenced to Quzhou (1152 ~12265438), a proud disciple of Zhu. His son-in-law is of high quality and was born in Chayang (Yangtou) in Changhai. The son-in-law of writer Zhu.

Born in Xichun period of Song Dynasty. In the second year of Qingyuan (1 196), the court banned "pseudo-learning", and Zhu Jufu 'an worshipped Zhu as a teacher and got to the point. "Famous about Yang (Fu), Lin (Ziyun), Gao (Song), Chen (Jun), Zheng (Cai) and Gong.

Disciples are Rao Lu (Yugan, Jiangxi) and Li Jian (Ningde).

After entering the DPRK as an official, he was buried in Forty-one Capital (this summer county). In the first year of Qianlong reign in Qing Dynasty (1736), the sage of Neo-Confucianism was posthumously awarded, and the Huanggong Temple was built in Longshan Lane, Fuzhou to worship Huang Gan. At the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, Jin Bing crossed Huainan and invaded. Anqing is a battleground for military strategists, and it is also a mess, and people have fled.

Huang Gan was appointed as a magistrate. After he took office, he built a city to prepare for war, refused the nomads from the south, and met his lost sister by chance. In the interweaving of national conditions, enemy situation, people's feelings, family ties and disasters, Huang Gan overcame natural and man-made disasters and built a city wall.