The fishing lamp is dim, the guest dreams back, and the sound is heartbreaking. Wan Li, the home of a lonely boat, is a tear in the people's market.
Ma Zhiyuan (about1250-1321),No. Dongli, is mostly a local. He was promoted to Jiangsu and Zhejiang, and had a "wandering career" for more than 20 years before and after taking office. At the age of fifty, he retired from the officialdom and lived in seclusion. Together with Guan Hanqing, Bai Pu and Zheng Guangzu, they are also called "the four masters of Yuan Opera". There are fifteen kinds of zaju he wrote, and there are seven existing ones, such as Autumn in the Han Palace. He also wrote many Sanqu, including 104 poems. Among many writers of Sanqu, he expanded the subject field of Sanqu, improved the artistic conception of Sanqu and made great contributions to Sanqu.
The title of this song is Xiaoxiang Night Rain, which is about the sadness of leaving people in the night rain. Xiaoxiang, water name. Hunan Xiangshui meets Xiaoshui from Lingling West, which is called Xiaoxiang. The lyrics here are based on the spring snow, but the lyrics of Yuefu freshmen are different.
The whole song means a tourist who is far away from home, drifting alone in Xiaoxiang waters. In the middle of the night, he was awakened by the sound of rain, and a homesickness came to his heart, and he couldn't sleep any more. Listening to the rain, I lay down until dawn. At this moment, he thought that he had left home for Wan Li, and he was even more worried. Tears of homesickness rained down in front of him. The wanderer's wandering worries are already there, but they are aggravated by being awakened by the rain. Rain, in the eyes of sad people, is a symbol of depression and a common way of writing in classical poetry. In this song, the poet skillfully combines rain with sadness. "A Drop of Heartbroken" has written that the sound of rain increases people's worries; The phrase "tears of people" further combines rain and tears. Rain is tears, and tears are like rain. It is difficult to distinguish the two. The external scenery of the rain is transformed into an emotional artistic conception, and at the same time, the emotion of the subject is vividly expressed through the rain, achieving the perfect unity of emotion and scenery. In this song, rain is the external cause of sadness, at the same time, it is the expression of the main modality and a key scenery. However, Wen Qu omitted the word "rain" and made no mention of it. His writing was extremely subtle. When I read "a sound", I'm still not sure what kind of sound it is. I didn't think of rain until I added the word "drip". It was not until the word "tears" in the last sentence that I realized that this was a metaphor for "rain". Because the topic has been marked "Rain at Night", it is no longer spoken directly in the text, but expressed by sound and images, which makes people feel the implicit and meaningful beauty. The first three sentences are reversed in terms of cause and effect and time sequence. There should be rain first, then dreams, and finally the fishing lamp is gone. Now the order is completely reversed, because the poet wants to closely connect the sound of rain with his mood and give people a prominent impression. If you say it directly, it will be straight and flat, and you will not get subtle and unique effects. It can be seen that the poet's conception is also extremely delicate.
This poem is concise. Just 27 words, mainly lyrical, also writing scenery and narrative. The description and narration of scenery are very comprehensive and closely combined with lyricism. For example, the first sentence "the fishing lamp is dark" means that the fishing lamp disappeared because of the night rain. This is the impression that tourists have seen the fishing lamp on the river before, but they didn't see it after waking up. In fact, at this time, the rain curtain covered the river, and it was dark and nothing could be seen. The poet grasped the "fishing lamp", a scene that actually no longer exists, and concretized and characterized the river scene in the night rain. It can be said to be a visualization technology. The fishing lamp is dim, which also shows the loneliness of the passenger ship in the darkness of water and sky, and its deep anxiety. The scenery and feelings summarized by these three words are indeed rich enough. In the second sentence, the word "dream" is also intriguing. It is pointed out that the wanderer has a complicated and dazzling mood, which makes him dream. Among them, there are bitter past events, bleak prospects, parting from home and loneliness in travel. A word "dream" leads the artistic conception of the whole song throughout. Another example is "Five Alone in Wan Li". Three nouns are juxtaposed into seven words, describing time, place and vast space, full of bitterness of leaving home. Highly concise language.
Parting is a common thing in life, and many Yuan Sanqu songs are based on other feelings. Most of them expressed a sad mood, which was closely related to the situation that intellectuals had no way to enter the official position at that time and their status was low. Ma Zhiyuan has been wandering for a long time. He expressed his loneliness and melancholy with his own personal feelings, and revealed the traveler's communicative psychology, thus gaining a lasting sound. And with its subtle and meaningful, concise and dignified, beautiful and natural brushwork, it has won the appreciation of future generations.