The theme sentence of "Tianjingsha·Autumn Thoughts" is:
"The sun sets in the west, and the heartbroken people are at the end of the world."
The theme sentence indicates that the wanderer is wandering The feeling of homesickness abroad points out the main theme and directly expresses the sadness of the wanderer in the world.
The original text of "Tianjingsha·Autumn Thoughts" is as follows:
Withered vines and old trees are full of crows, small bridges and flowing water are home to people, and the west wind is blowing and the horses are thin on the ancient road. Sunset, heartbroken people in the horizon.
Appreciation of Works
This poem is very short, with only five sentences and twenty-eight words in one sentence. There is not a single word "Autumn" in the whole song, but it depicts a beautiful picture. It is a desolate and moving picture of the sunset in the autumn suburbs, and it accurately conveys the miserable mood of the traveler. This successful composition, praised as the ancestor of Qiu Si, embodies the artistic characteristics of Chinese classical poetry in many aspects.
Using the scenery to support feelings, embedding feelings in the scenery, and forming a desolate and tragic artistic conception in the blend of scenery and scenery.
Chinese classical poetry pays great attention to the creation of artistic conception. Artistic conception is an important category in the aesthetics of Chinese classical poetry. Its essential characteristics are the blending of scenes and the unity of mind and matter. Whether emotion and scenery can be combined wonderfully becomes the key to forming an artistic conception. Wang Fuzhi of the Qing Dynasty said in "Jiang Zhai Poetry Talk": "Scenes are called two, but they are inseparable. The poet is divine, and the wonderful combination is boundless." Wang Guowei's "Removed Manuscripts of Human Words" said: "All scenery words are love words." The first four sentences of Ma Zhiyuan's poem are all about scenery. These scenery words are all love words. Words such as "withered", "old", "faint" and "thin" make the rich autumn colors contain an infinite desolate and tragic mood. The last sentence "The heartbroken man is at the end of the world" is the finishing touch of the song, making the scenery described in the first four sentences an environment for human activities and a trigger for the sad emotions in the heartbroken man at the end of the world. The scenery on the song is what Ma Zhiyuan saw during his journey, and it is what he sees. But at the same time, it is the carrier of emotions and the object in the heart. There is emotion in the scenery in the whole song, scenery in the emotion, and the scenes are wonderfully combined, forming a moving artistic realm.
About the author
Ma Zhiyuan, a dramatist and sanquist in the Yuan Dynasty. The name is Dongli, and a word can describe a thousand miles. A native of Dadu (now Beijing). He once served as the provincial affairs officer of Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces (one of them was promoted to Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces). Retired in his later years. Fifteen types of Zaju are known today, seven of which are extant. His works mostly describe the Taoism of immortals, and he is known as the "Horse Immortal". The music and lyrics are bold and free-spirited. Together with Guan Hanqing, Bai Pu and Zheng Guangzu, they are known as the "Four Masters of Yuan Opera". His achievements in Sanqu are particularly well-known in the world. There is a collection of "Dongli Yuefu", which contains more than 100 Xiaoling poems and 23 sets.
Creative background
Ma Zhiyuan was keen on fame when he was young, but due to the high-pressure national policy implemented by the Yuan rulers, he never succeeded. He lived a wandering life almost all his life, which made him depressed and embarrassed. So while wandering alone on his journey, he wrote the song "Tian Jing Sha·Autumn Thoughts".